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arXiv 1612.09006cs.GT
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匹配市场中的信噪比

Signal to noise in matching markets

S. Matthew Weinberg, James Zou

摘要:

在许多配对市场中,一方“申请”另一方,而这些申请通常既昂贵又耗时(例如学生申请大学)。人们很容易认为,简化申请过程应该对市场双方都有利。毕竟,申请人提交的申请越多,接收人的选择也就越多。在本文中,我们提出并分析了一个简单的模型,以了解市场双方都受到应用程序数量增加的影响。本文的主要见解来自于随机匹配中的信噪比权衡的量化,因为应用程序提供了申请人偏好的信号。当应用程序的成本很高时,信号就更强,因为制作应用程序的行为本身就很有意义。因此,更多的应用程序可能会产生潜在的更好的匹配,但更少的应用程序会为接收端创建更强的信号,以了解真正的偏好。我们得到分析表征的预期质量的稳定匹配在一个简单的实用程序模型,申请人有一个整体的质量,但也与特定的可能的合作伙伴的协同作用。我们的研究结果表明,在不引入有效的信号机制的情况下降低应用程序成本可能会导致市场双方的效率低下。

英文摘要:

In many matching markets, one side "applies" to the other, and these applications are often expensive and time-consuming (e.g. students applying to college). It is tempting to think that making the application process easier should benefit both sides of the market. After all, the applicants could submit more applications, and the recipients would have more applicants to choose from. In this paper, we propose and analyze a simple model to understand settings where both sides of the market suffer from increased number of applications. The main insights of the paper are derived from quantifying the signal to noise tradeoffs in random matchings, as applications provide a signal of the applicants' preferences. When applications are costly the signal is stronger, as the act of making an application itself is meaningful. Therefore more applications may yield potentially better matches, but fewer applications create stronger signals for the receiving side to learn true preferences. We derive analytic characterizations of the expected quality of stable matchings in a simple utility model where applicants have an overall quality, but also synergy with specific possible partners. Our results show how reducing application cost without introducing an effective signaling mechanism might lead to inefficiencies for both sides of the market.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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