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arXiv 1605.02166q-bio.PEcs.SInlin.AOphysics.soc-ph
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间接互惠条件下道德评价的演变

The evolution of conditional moral assessment in indirect reciprocity

Tatsuya Sasaki, Isamu Okada, Yutaka Nakai

摘要:

间接互惠是维持无关个体之间合作的主要机制。间接互惠导致有条件的合作,根据社会规范,区分好人(那些应该得到帮助的人)和坏人(那些应该受到拒绝帮助的人)。然而,尽管进行了深入的研究,但对于什么样的社会规范最能通过间接互惠促进合作,人们并没有达成明确的共识,甚至连那些拒绝帮助坏人的人应该如何评估也仍然不清楚。在这里,我们提出了一个新的简单的规范,称为“留下来”,规定从评估弃权。在“留下来”规范下,如果接受帮助的人的形象不好,那么决定提供帮助的人的形象与上次评估中的形象保持一致。在这种情况下,选择是否给予潜在的接受者帮助并不影响潜在的给予者的形象。我们分析了留守规范的演化博弈论,并表明,留守是最有效的建立合作相比,流行的社会规范,它依赖于不断的监测和无条件的评估。Staying的应用表明,道德判断的严格应用是有限的。

英文摘要:

Indirect reciprocity is a major mechanism in the maintenance of cooperation among unrelated individuals. Indirect reciprocity leads to conditional cooperation according to social norms that discriminate the good (those who deserve to be rewarded with help) and the bad (those who should be punished by refusal of help). Despite intensive research, however, there is no definitive consensus on what social norms best promote cooperation through indirect reciprocity, and it remains unclear even how those who refuse to help the bad should be assessed. Here, we propose a new simple norm called "Staying" that prescribes abstaining from assessment. Under the Staying norm, the image of the person who makes the decision to give help stays the same as in the last assessment if the person on the receiving end has a bad image. In this case, the choice about whether or not to give help to the potential receiver does not affect the image of the potential giver. We analyze the Staying norm in terms of evolutionary game theory and demonstrate that Staying is most effective in establishing cooperation compared to the prevailing social norms, which rely on constant monitoring and unconditional assessment. The application of Staying suggests that the strict application of moral judgment is limited.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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