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arXiv 2411.03488q-bio.PE
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直接互惠、间接互惠与广义互惠的共同演化

The co-evolution of direct, indirect and generalized reciprocity

Saptarshi Pal, Christian Hilbe, Nikoleta E Glynatsi

AI总结:

本研究通过模型与模拟,探讨直接、间接和广义互惠的共同演化,发现模仿学习下广义互惠阻碍合作,而探索学习下直接互惠促进稳定合作。

摘要:

人们经常参与代价高昂的合作,尤其是在重复互动中。在决定是否合作时,个体通常会考虑他人过去的行为。例如,当一个人决定是否与另一个人合作时,他们可能会考虑自己曾被对方如何对待(直接互惠)、对方如何对待他人(间接互惠),或者自己总体上被他人如何对待(广义互惠)。鉴于这些不同的方式,尚不清楚个体将偏好哪种策略,更具体地说,偏好哪种互惠模式。本研究引入了一个模型,其中个体在决定合作时,会决定给予每种类型的信息多少权重。通过均衡分析,我们发现当个体具有足够频繁的互动时,所有三种互惠模式都可以维持。然而,这种均衡的存在并不能保证个体会学会使用它们。模拟表明,当个体主要模仿他人时,广义互惠常常阻碍合作,即使在有利于合作的条件下也会导致背叛。相反,当个体在学习过程中探索新策略时,通过直接互惠会出现稳定的合作。这项研究强调了统一研究所有互惠形式的重要性。

英文摘要:

People often engage in costly cooperation, especially in repeated interactions. When deciding whether to cooperate, individuals typically take into account how others have acted in the past. For instance, when one person is deciding whether to cooperate with another, they may consider how they were treated by the other party (direct reciprocity), how the other party treated others (indirect reciprocity), or how they themselves were treated by others in general (generalized reciprocity). Given these different approaches, it is unclear which strategy, or more specifically which mode of reciprocity, individuals will prefer. This study introduces a model where individuals decide how much weight to give each type of information when choosing to cooperate. Through equilibrium analysis, we find that all three modes of reciprocity can be sustained when individuals have sufficiently frequent interactions. However, the existence of such equilibria does not guarantee that individuals will learn to use them. Simulations show that when individuals mainly imitate others, generalized reciprocity often hinders cooperation, leading to defection even under conditions favorable to cooperation. In contrast, when individuals explore new strategies during learning, stable cooperation emerges through direct reciprocity. This study highlights the importance of studying all forms of reciprocity in unison.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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