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arXiv 1503.05121math.NT
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Chowla猜想的一个平均形式

An averaged form of Chowla's conjecture

Kaisa Matomäki, Maksym Radziwiłł, Terence Tao

摘要:

令$λ$表示Liouville函数。Chowla的一个著名猜想断言,对于任何不同的自然数$h_1,\dots,h_k$,都有$\sum_{1 \leq n \leq X} λ(n+h_1) \dotsm λ(n+h_k) = o(X)$作为$X \to \infty$。对于任何具有$k \geq 2$的$h_1,\dots,h_k$,该猜想仍未得到证明。本文利用前两位作者最近关于短区间内乘法函数均值的结果,结合Katai和Bourgain-Sarnak-Ziegler的一个论证,建立了这个猜想的一个平均形式,即当$H = H(X) \leq X$以$X \to \infty$的形式趋于无穷大且$k$固定时,$$\sum_{h_1,\dots,h_k \leq H} \left|\sum_{1 \leq n \leq X} λ(n+h_1) \dotsm λ(n+h_k)\right| = o(H^kX)$$以$X \to \infty$的形式存在.与此相关,我们给出了指数和估计$$ \int_0^X \left|\sum_{x \leq n \leq x+H} λ(n) e(αn)\right| dx = o( HX )$$作为$X \to \infty$一致的所有$α\in \mathbb{R}$,与$H$如前所述。事实上,我们的论点给出了衰减率的定量界(大约在$\frac{\log\log H}{\log H}$的数量级上),并扩展到比刘维函数更一般的有界乘法函数,得到了艾略特猜想(修正)的平均形式。

英文摘要:

Let $λ$ denote the Liouville function. A well known conjecture of Chowla asserts that for any distinct natural numbers $h_1,\dots,h_k$, one has $\sum_{1 \leq n \leq X} λ(n+h_1) \dotsm λ(n+h_k) = o(X)$ as $X \to \infty$. This conjecture remains unproven for any $h_1,\dots,h_k$ with $k \geq 2$. In this paper, using the recent results of the first two authors on mean values of multiplicative functions in short intervals, combined with an argument of Katai and Bourgain-Sarnak-Ziegler, we establish an averaged version of this conjecture, namely $$\sum_{h_1,\dots,h_k \leq H} \left|\sum_{1 \leq n \leq X} λ(n+h_1) \dotsm λ(n+h_k)\right| = o(H^kX)$$ as $X \to \infty$ whenever $H = H(X) \leq X$ goes to infinity as $X \to \infty$, and $k$ is fixed. Related to this, we give the exponential sum estimate $$ \int_0^X \left|\sum_{x \leq n \leq x+H} λ(n) e(αn)\right| dx = o( HX )$$ as $X \to \infty$ uniformly for all $α\in \mathbb{R}$, with $H$ as before. Our arguments in fact give quantitative bounds on the decay rate (roughly on the order of $\frac{\log\log H}{\log H}$), and extend to more general bounded multiplicative functions than the Liouville function, yielding an averaged form of a (corrected) conjecture of Elliott.

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