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arXiv 1502.07514quant-ph
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酉$2$ -随机$X$ -和$Z$ -对角酉设计

Unitary $2$-designs from random $X$- and $Z$-diagonal unitaries

Yoshifumi Nakata, Christoph Hirche, Ciara Morgan, Andreas Winter

摘要:

酉$2$ -设计是模拟均匀分布随机酉的二阶统计矩的随机酉,通常称为Haar随机酉。它们被广泛应用于各种理论和实际的量子信息协议中,也被用来模拟复杂量子多体系统的动力学。在这里,我们表明,酉$2$ -设计可以近似地实现交替重复随机酉对角线的Pauli- $Z$基础和Pauli- $X$基础。我们还提供了一个逆的重复次数需要实现单一的$2$ -设计。这些结果意味着在$\ell$重复之后的过程实现了$Θ(d^{-\ell})$ -近似酉$2$ -设计。在此基础上,我们进一步提供了有效实现近似酉$2$ -设计的量子线路。虽然一个更有效的实现酉$2$ -设计是已知的,我们的量子电路有自己的优点,它被分为一个恒定数量的交换部分,这使我们能够同时应用所有的交换门,并导致可能减少的实际执行时间。最后,我们解释的结果中所产生的动力学随时间变化的哈密顿量和第一次提供一个随机无序的随时间变化的哈密顿量,产生一个单一的$2$设计后,开关的相互作用只有几次。

英文摘要:

Unitary $2$-designs are random unitaries simulating up to the second order statistical moments of the uniformly distributed random unitaries, often referred to as Haar random unitaries. They are used in a wide variety of theoretical and practical quantum information protocols, and also have been used to model the dynamics in complex quantum many-body systems. Here, we show that unitary $2$-designs can be approximately implemented by alternately repeating random unitaries diagonal in the Pauli-$Z$ basis and that in the Pauli-$X$ basis. We also provide a converse about the number of repetitions needed to achieve unitary $2$-designs. These results imply that the process after $\ell$ repetitions achieves a $Θ(d^{-\ell})$-approximate unitary $2$-design. Based on the construction, we further provide quantum circuits that efficiently implement approximate unitary $2$-designs. Although a more efficient implementation of unitary $2$-designs is known, our quantum circuit has its own merit that it is divided into a constant number of commuting parts, which enables us to apply all commuting gates simultaneously and leads to a possible reduction of an actual execution time. We finally interpret the result in terms of the dynamics generated by time-dependent Hamiltonians and provide for the first time a random disordered time-dependent Hamiltonian that generates a unitary $2$-design after switching interactions only a few times.

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