发表机构
University of Maryland, College Park; University of Texas at Austin; IonQ Inc.; Technology Innovation Institute; Singapore Institute of Technology; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore University of Technology and Design; California Institute of Technology; National University of Singapore; Nanyang Technological University（马里兰大学帕克分校; 德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校; IonQ公司; 技术创新研究所; 新加坡理工大学; 科学技术研究局（A*STAR）; 新加坡科技设计大学; 加州理工学院; 新加坡国立大学; 南洋理工大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出伪随机函数式酉（PRFU），用单密钥生成可重用伪随机酉族，并证明其在经典和相干标签下的安全性，扩展了量子伪随机性到多时间动力学。
AI 中文摘要
Haar随机酉提供了通用随机量子演化的典范模型，但它们通常具有指数级的描述和电路复杂度。尽管伪随机酉能高效模拟单个Haar随机酉，但许多任务需要整个可重复使用的、具有独立随机外观的操作族。我们引入了伪随机函数式酉（PRFU），它仅使用单个短密钥即可生成由公开标签索引的此类族。我们区分了经典标签访问和相干标签访问，并建立了自适应量子查询下的安全性。对于经典标签，我们提供了基于后量子伪随机函数和伪随机酉的通用构造。对于相干标签，我们使用索引路径记录框架来分析跨标签的干涉，并证明了基于量子安全函数和置换原语的构造的安全性。我们进一步表明，PRFU能生成具有私有内存的伪随机信道和量子梳，它们能抵御自适应干预和并发会话。将PRFU与酉粘合相结合，可产生单密钥伪随机酉族，其支持的寄存器宽度可在密钥生成后选择。进一步的应用包括随机数解析的量子认证、相干掩蔽的QRAM查询以及随机多时间动力学的有效模拟。我们的结果将量子伪随机性从单个操作扩展到高效生成的随机外观量子动力学族。
英文摘要
Haar-random unitaries provide a canonical model of generic random quantum evolution, but they typically have exponential description and circuit complexity. Although pseudorandom unitaries efficiently emulate a single Haar-random unitary, many tasks require an entire reusable family of independently random-looking operations. We introduce pseudorandom function-like unitaries (PRFU), which generate such a family indexed by public labels using only a single short key. We distinguish classical- and coherent-label access and establish security under adaptive quantum queries. For classical labels, we provide a generic construction from a post-quantum pseudorandom function and a pseudorandom unitary. For coherent labels, we use an indexed path-recording framework to analyze interference across labels and prove security of a construction based on quantum-secure function and permutation primitives. We further show that PRFUs generate pseudorandom channels and quantum combs with private memory, which are secure against adaptive interventions and concurrent sessions. Combining PRFUs with unitary gluing yields a one-key family of pseudorandom unitaries whose supported register widths can be chosen after key generation. Further applications include nonce-resolved quantum authentication, coherently masked QRAM queries, and efficient emulation of random multi-time dynamics. Our results extend quantum pseudorandomness from individual operations to efficiently generated families of random-looking quantum dynamics.
Comments36 pages, 2 figures
