发表机构
Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LIS(艾克斯马赛大学、法国国家科学研究中心、信息系统实验室)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文通过准过程函数给出任意n量子比特酉算子的规范表示,提出两个充分判据识别过程函数酉算子,并利用汉明图团划分刻画MECC酉算子电路深度,为量子电路分析提供新工具。
AI 中文摘要
众所周知,每个 n 量子比特酉算子都可以分解为受控单量子比特酉算子的乘积。我们证明,这种分解中的控制条件自然地定义了一个准过程函数,该对象最初出现在不定因果序的研究中。在此,准过程函数以规范形式给出了每个 n 量子比特酉算子的表示,即作为准过程函数酉算子(qPFU)。我们利用这一表示来展示如何理解无纠缠的量子非定域性(QNLWE),其依据是编码因果序与定域性之间权衡的酉算子,如 R. Kunjwal 和 Ä. Baumeler 在 arXiv:2202.00440 中所指出的。具体而言,我们获得了两个充分(但非必要)的判据——控制条件的互斥性(MECC)和无歧义性——用于判断一个酉算子是否为过程函数酉算子(PFU),即它允许一个 qPFU 表示,其中准过程函数是一个过程函数,即一个能够建模无悖论经典因果环的对象。我们还证明了这些判据的不等价性,即两者互不蕴含。随后,我们展示了 MECC 酉算子的电路深度可通过汉明图上的团划分问题来刻画,并利用这一对应关系给出了 n 量子比特 MECC 酉算子电路深度的界。最后,我们展示了 MECC 酉算子如何为相关过程函数的酉纯化提供一种构造方法,从而提供了量子因果性中感兴趣的一大类酉过程。这种受因果性启发的酉算子表示的通用性,使其成为分析其他领域中量子电路结构的通用工具。
英文摘要
It is well-known that every n-qubit unitary can be decomposed into a product of controlled single-qubit unitaries. We show that the control conditions in such a decomposition naturally define a quasi-process function, an object that originally came up in the study of indefinite causal order. Here quasi-process functions yield a representation of every n-qubit unitary in a canonical form, namely, as a quasi-process function unitary (qPFU). We use this representation to show how quantum nonlocality without entanglement (QNLWE) can be understood in terms of unitaries that encode the trade-off between causal order and locality noted in R. Kunjwal and Ä. Baumeler, arXiv:2202.00440. Specifically, we obtain two sufficient (but not necessary) criteria---mutual exclusivity of control conditions (MECC) and Unambiguity---for a unitary to be a process function unitary (PFU), i.e., it admits a qPFU representation where the quasi-process function is a process function, an object that can model paradox-free classical causal loops. We also show the inequivalence of these criteria, neither implying the other. We then show that the circuit depth of MECC unitaries admits a characterization in terms of clique-partitioning problems on Hamming graphs and use this correspondence to provide bounds on the circuit depth of n-qubit MECC unitaries. Finally, we show how MECC unitaries provide a recipe for constructing a unitary purification of the associated process function, thereby providing a large class of unitary processes of interest in quantum causality. The generality of this causality-inspired representation of unitaries makes it a versatile tool for analyzing the structure of quantum circuits in other domains.
Comments12+3 pages, 13 figures