Chambert-Loir and Ducros have recently introduced a theory of real valued differential forms and currents on Berkovich spaces. In analogy to the theory of forms with logarithmic singularities, we enlarge the space of differential forms by so called delta-forms on the non-archimedean analytification of an algebraic variety. This extension is based on an intersection theory for tropical cycles with smooth weights. We prove a generalization of the Poincaré-Lelong formula which allows us to represent the first Chern current of a formally metrized line bundle by a delta-form. We introduce the associated Monge-Ampère measure $μ$ as a wedge-power of this first Chern delta-form and we show that $μ$ is equal to the corresponding Chambert-Loir measure. The star-product of Green currents is a crucial ingredient in the construction of the arithmetic intersection product. Using the formalism of delta-forms, we obtain a non-archimedean analogue at least in the case of divisors. We use it to compute non-archimedean local heights of proper varieties.
We study two kinds of push-forwards of $δ$-forms and define the pull-backs of $δ$-forms. As a generalization of Gubler-Künnemann, we prove the projection formula and the tropical Poincaré-Lelong formula. As an application, we follow the idea of Gubler-Künnemann and generalize the notion of $δ$-forms on algebraic varieties, this allows us to define the first Chern forms for any piecewise smooth metrics.
We show that the non-Archimedean skeleton of the $d$-th symmetric power of a smooth projective algebraic curve $X$ is naturally isomorphic to the $d$-th symmetric power of the tropical curve that arises as the non-Archimedean skeleton of $X$. The retraction to the skeleton is precisely the specialization map for divisors. Moreover, we show that the process of tropicalization naturally commutes with the diagonal morphisms and the Abel-Jacobi map and we exhibit a faithful tropicalization for symmetric powers of curves. Finally, we prove a version of the Bieri-Groves Theorem that allows us, under…
I describe an algebro-geometric theory of skeleta, which provides a unified setting for the study of tropical varieties, skeleta of non-Archimedean analytic spaces, and affine manifolds with singularities. Skeleta are spaces equipped with a structure sheaf of topological semirings, and are locally modelled on the spectra of the same. The primary result of this paper is that the topological space underlying a non-Archimedean analytic space may locally be recovered from the sheaf of `pointwise valuations' of its analytic functions.
We calculate the tropical Dolbeault cohomology for the analytifications of the projective line and Mumford curves over non-archimedean fields. We show that the cohomology satisfies Poincaré duality and behaves analogously to the cohomology of curves over the complex numbers. Further, we give a complete calculation of the dimension of the cohomology on a basis of the topology.
We study the tropicalizations of analytic subvarieties of normal toric varieties over complete non-archimedean valuation fields. We show that a Zariski closed analytic subvariety of a normal toric variety is algebraic if its tropicalization is a finite union of polyhedra. Previously, the converse direction was known by the theorem of Bieri and Groves. Over the field of complex numbers, Madani, L. Nisse, and M. Nisse proved similar results for analytic subvarieties of tori.
This paper provides an overview of recent progress on the interplay between tropical geometry and non-archimedean analytic geometry in the sense of Berkovich. After briefly discussing results by Baker, Payne and Rabinoff in the case of curves, we explain a result by Cueto, Häbich and the author comparing the tropical Grassmannian of planes to the analytic Grassmannian. We also give an overview of the general higher-dimensional theory developed by Gubler, Rabinoff and the author. In particular, we explain the construction of generalized skeleta in which are polyhedral substructures of Berkovich…
We construct a functorial decomposition of de Rham cohomology sheaves, called weight decomposition, for smooth analytic spaces over non-Archimedean fields embeddable into $\mathbf{C}_p$, which generalizes a construction of Berkovich and solves a question raised by him. We then investigate complexes of real tropical differential forms and currents introduced by Chambert-Loir and Ducros, by establishing a relation with the weight decomposition and defining tropical cycle maps with values in the corresponding Dolbeault cohomology. As an application, we show that algebraic cycles that are cohomolo…
For a complex toric variety $X$ the logarithmic absolute value induces a natural retraction of $X$ onto the set of its non-negative points and this retraction can be identified with a quotient of $X(\mathbb{C})$ by its big real torus. We prove an analogous result in the non-Archimedean world: The Kajiwara-Payne tropicalization map is a non-Archimedean analytic stack quotient of $X^{an}$ by its big affinoid torus. Along the way, we provide foundations for a geometric theory of non-Archimedean analytic stacks, particularly focussing on analytic groupoids and their quotients, the process of analy…
We define a tropicalization procedure for theta functions on abelian varieties over a non-Archimedean field. We show that the tropicalization of a non-Archimedean theta function is a tropical theta function, and that the tropicalization of a non-Archimedean Riemann theta function is a tropical Riemann theta function, up to scaling and an additive constant. We apply these results to the construction of rational functions with prescribed behavior on the skeleton of a principally polarized abelian variety. We work with the Raynaud--Bosch--Lütkebohmert theory of non-Archimedean theta functions for…
Tropical toric varieties are partial compactifications of finite dimensional real vector spaces associated with rational polyhedral fans. We introduce plurisubharmonic functions and a Bedford--Taylor product for Lagerberg currents on open subsets of a tropical toric variety. The resulting tropical toric pluripotential theory provides the link to give a canonical correspondence between complex and non-archimedean pluripotential theories of invariant plurisubharmonic functions on toric varieties. We will apply this correspondence to solve invariant non-archimedean Monge--Ampère equations on tori…
Tropicalizations form a bridge between algebraic and convex geometry. We generalize basic results from tropical geometry which are well-known for special ground fields to arbitrary non-archimedean valued fields. To achieve this, we develop a theory of toric schemes over valuation rings of rank 1. As a basic tool, we use techniques from non-archimedean analysis.
We study the tropical Dolbeault cohomology of non-archimedean curves as defined by Chambert-Loir and Ducros. We give a precise condition for when this cohomology satisfies Poincaré duality. The condition is always satisfied when the residue field of the non-archimedean base field is the algebraic closure of a finite field. We also show that for curves over fields where the residue field is the field of complex numbers, the tropical (1,1)-Dolbeault cohomology can be infinite dimensional. Our main new ingredient is an exponential type sequence that relates tropical Dolbeault cohomology to the co…
In this article we use techniques from tropical and logarithmic geometry to construct a non-Archimedean analogue of Teichmüller space $\overline{\mathcal{T}}_g$ whose points are pairs consisting of a stable projective curve over a non-Archimedean field and a Teichmüller marking of the topological fundamental group of its Berkovich analytification. This construction is closely related to and inspired by the classical construction of a non-Archimedean Schottky space for Mumford curves by Gerritzen and Herrlich. We argue that the skeleton of non-Archimedean Teichmüller space is precisely the trop…
We prove that if X, X' are closed subschemes of a torus T over a non-Archimedean field K, of complementary codimension and with finite intersection, then the stable tropical intersection along a (possibly positive-dimensional, possibly unbounded) connected component C of Trop(X) \cap Trop(X') lifts to algebraic intersection points, with multiplicities. This theorem requires potentially passing to a suitable toric variety X(Δ) and its associated extended tropicalization N_R(Δ); the algebraic intersection points lifting the stable tropical intersection will have tropicalization somewhere in the …
We study A-discriminants from a non-Archimedean point of view, refining earlier work on the tropical discriminant. In particular, we study the case where $A$ is a collection of n+m+1 points in Z^n in general position, and give an algorithm to compute the image of the A-discriminant variety under the non-Archimedean evaluation map. When m=2, our approach yields tight lower and upper bounds, of order quadratic in n. We also detail a Sage package for plotting certain p-adic discriminant amoebae, and present explicit examples of point sets yielding discriminant amoebae with extremal behavior.
The purpose of this article is to study the role of Artin fans in tropical and non-Archimedean geometry. Artin fans are logarithmic algebraic stacks that can be described completely in terms of combinatorial objects, so called Kato stacks, a stack-theoretic generalization of K. Kato's notion of a fan. Every logarithmic algebraic stack admits a tautological strict morphism $ϕ_\mathcal{X}:\mathcal{X}\rightarrow\mathcal{A}_\mathcal{X}$ to an associated Artin fan. The main result of this article is that, on the level of underlying topological spaces, the natural functorial tropicalization map of $…
Let $X$ be a smooth geometrically connected projective curve of genus two over a complete non-archimedean field $K$. For discretely valued $K$, the first main theorem in \cite{liu} gives a set of criteria on the Igusa invariants of the curve that determine the minimal Berkovich skeleton of $X$ together with its edge lengths and vertex weights. In this paper we use the theory of Berkovich spaces to give a new proof of this theorem that works for arbitrary complete non-archimedean fields. We furthermore interpret the final result in terms of tropical moduli spaces and tropical Igusa invariants. …
We study the asymptotic behavior of volume forms on a degenerating family of compact complex manifolds. Under rather general conditions, we prove that the volume forms converge in a natural sense to a Lebesgue-type measure on a certain simplicial complex. In particular, this provides a measure-theoretic version of a conjecture by Kontsevich--Soibelman and Gross--Wilson, bearing on maximal degenerations of Calabi--Yau manifolds.
A coamoeba is the image of a subvariety of a complex torus under the argument map to the real torus. Similarly, a non-archimedean coamoeba is the image of a subvariety of a torus over a non-archimedean field with complex residue field under an argument map. The phase tropical variety is the closure of the image under the pair of maps, tropicalization and argument. We describe the structure of non-archimedean coamoebae and phaseropical varieties in terms of complex coamoebae and their phase limit sets. The argument map depends upon a section of the valuation map, and we explain how this choice …
Baker and Rumely defined a notion of Arakelov-Green's functions on the Berkovich analytification of the projective line and established an Energy Minimization Principle. We extend their definition and show the Energy Minimization Principle for general smooth projective curves. As an application we get a generalization and a different proof of an equidistribution result by Baker and Petsche.
We prove equidistribution of Weierstrass points on Berkovich curves. Let $X$ be a smooth proper curve of positive genus over a complete algebraically closed non-Archimedean field $K$ of equal characteristic zero with a non-trivial valuation. Let $L$ be a line bundle of positive degree on $X$. The Weierstrass points of powers of $L$ are equidistributed according to the Zhang-Arakelov measure on the analytification $X^{an}$. This provides a non-Archimedean analogue of a theorem of Mumford and Neeman. Along the way we provide a description of the reduction of Weierstrass points, answering a quest…
This survey paper explains how one can attach geometric invariants to semialgebraic sets defined over non-archimedean fields, using the theory of motivic integration of Hrushovski and Kazhdan. It also discusses tropical methods to compute these invariants in concrete cases, as well as an application to refined curve counting, developed in collaboration with Sam Payne and Franziska Schroeter.
This is mostly* a non-technical exposition of the joint work arXiv:1212.0373 with Caporaso and Payne. Topics include: Moduli of Riemann surfaces / algebraic curves; Deligne-Mumford compactification; Dual graphs and the combinatorics of the compactification; Tropical curves and their moduli; Non-archimedean geometry and comparison. * Maybe the last section is technical.
In this paper we generalize the $j$-invariant criterion for the semistable reduction type of an elliptic curve to superelliptic curves $X$ given by $y^{n}=f(x)$. We first define a set of tropical invariants for $f(x)$ using symmetrized Plücker coordinates and we show that these invariants determine the tree associated to $f(x)$. We then prove that this tree completely determines the reduction type of $X$ for $n$ that are not divisible by the residue characteristic. The conditions on the tropical invariants that distinguish between the different types are given by half-spaces as in the elliptic…
Given any complex Laurent polynomial $f$, $\mathrm{Amoeba}(f)$ is the image of its complex zero set under the coordinate-wise log absolute value map. We give an efficiently constructible polyhedral approximation, $\mathrm{ArchtTrop}(f)$, of $\mathrm{Amoeba}(f)$, and derive explicit upper and lower bounds, solely as a function of the number of monomial terms of $f$, for the Hausdorff distance between these two sets. We also show that deciding whether a given point lies in $\mathrm{ArchTrop}(f)$ is doable in polynomial-time, for any fixed dimension, unlike the corresponding problem for $\mathrm{…
Counts of holomorphic disks are at the heart of the SYZ approach to mirror symmetry. In the non archimedean framework, these counts are expressed as counts of analytic cylinders. In simple cases, such as cluster varieties, these counts can be extracted from a combinatorial algorithm encoded by a scattering diagram. The relevant scattering diagram encodes information about infinitesimal analytic cylinders. In this paper, we give a formula relating counts of a restricted class of cylinders on affine log Calabi Yau surfaces to counts on a single blowup of a toric surface, using non archimedean Gr…
Given a complete real-valued field $k$ of residue characteristic zero, we study properties of a meromorphic $q$-differential form $ξ$ (a section of $Ω_X^{\otimes q}$) on a smooth proper $k$-analytic curve $X$. In particular, we associate to $(X,ξ)$ a natural tropical reduction datum combining tropical-geometric data over the value group of $|k^\times|$ and algebro-geometric reduction data over the residue field $\widetilde{k}$. We show that this datum satisfies natural compatibility conditions, and prove a lifting theorem asserting that any compatible tropical reduction datum lifts to an actua…
Recently we propose a class of infinite-dimensional integral representations of classical gl(n+1)-Whittaker functions and local Archimedean local L-factors using two-dimensional topological field theory framework. The local Archimedean Langlands duality was identified in this setting with the mirror symmetry of the underlying topological field theories. In this note we introduce elementary analogs of the Whittaker functions and the Archimedean L-factors given by U(n+1)-equivariant symplectic volumes of appropriate Kahler U(n+1)-manifolds. We demonstrate that the functions thus defined have a d…
We give an introduction to our work on the solution to the non-Archimedean Monge-Ampere equation and make comparisons to the complex counterpart. These notes are partially based on talks at the 2015 Simons Symposium on Tropical and Nonarchimedean Geometry.
The purpose of this paper is fourfold. The first is to develop the theory of tropical differential algebraic geometry from scratch; the second is to present the tropical fundamental theorem for differential algebraic geometry, and show how it may be used to extract combinatorial information about the set of power series solutions to a given system of differential equations, both in the archimedean (complex analytic) and in the non-archimedean (e.g., $p$-adic) settings. A third and subsidiary aim is to show how tropical differential algebraic geometry is a natural application of semiring theory…
Classical Hopf manifolds are compact complex manifolds whose universal covering is $\mathbb{C}^d \setminus \{0\}$. We investigate the tropical analogues of Hopf manifolds, and relate their geometry to tropical contracting germs. To do this we develop a procedure called monomialization which transforms non-degenerate tropical germs into morphisms, up to tropical modification. A link is provided between tropical Hopf manifolds and the analytification of Hopf manifolds over a non-archimedean field. We conclude by computing the tropical Picard group and $(p,q)$-homology groups.
Let X and X' be closed subschemes of an algebraic torus T over a non-archimedean field. We prove the rational equivalence as tropical cycles, in the sense of Henning Meyer's graduate thesis, between the tropicalization of the intersection product of X and X' and the stable intersection of trop(X) and trop(X'), when restricted to (the inverse image under the tropicalization map of) a connected component C of the intersection of trop(X) and trop(X'). This requires possibly passing to a (partial) compactification of T with respect to a suitable fan. We define the compactified stable intersection …
For a closed d-dimensional subvariety X of an abelian variety A and a canonically metrized line bundle L on A, Chambert-Loir has introduced measures $c_1(L|_X)^{\wedge d}$ on the Berkovich analytic space associated to A with respect to the discrete valuation of the ground field. In this paper, we give an explicit description of these canonical measures in terms of convex geometry. We use a generalization of the tropicalization related to the Raynaud extension of A and Mumford's construction. The results have applications to the equidistribution of small points.
Mumford showed that Schottky subgroups of $PGL(2,K)$ give rise to certain curves, now called Mumford curves, over a non-Archimedean field K. Such curves are foundational to subjects dealing with non-Archimedean varieties, including Berkovich theory and tropical geometry. We develop and implement numerical algorithms for Mumford curves over the field of p-adic numbers. A crucial and difficult step is finding a good set of generators for a Schottky group, a problem solved in this paper. This result allows us to design and implement algorithms for tasks such as: approximating the period matrices …
Let $k$ be a non-Archimedean rational valued field. We construct the moduli space of linearly rigidified polarized analytic tori over $k$ that admit rigid-analytic uniformization by an algebraic torus and observe that it is in definable rigid subanalytic bijection with a $PGL_N$-bundle over a polyhedral domain in an algebraic torus. We use this observation to prove that the Hrushovski-Kazhdan motivic volume of a non-Archimedean semi-algebraic family of Abelian varieties admitting such a uniformization fibrewise vanishes. This question is motivated by the conjectural geometric interpretation of…
Let $K$ be an algebraically closed non-Archimedean field. Leonard Lipshitz has introduced a manageable notion of subanalytic sets of the unit polydisc. This class contains the class of affinoid sets and is stable under projection. We associate to a subanalytic set its counterpart in the Berkovich polydisc. This allows us to give a new insight to the dimension of subanalytic sets using the degrees of the completed residual fields. With these methods we obtain new results, such as the invariance of the dimension under subanalytic bijection in any characteristic. Then we study more generally subs…
We develop a sheaf cohomology theory of algebraic varieties over an algebraically closed non-trivially valued non-archimedean field $K$ based on Hrushovski-Loeser's stable completion. In parallel, we develop a sheaf cohomology of definable subsets in o-minimal expansions of the tropical semi-group $Γ_\infty$, where $Γ$ denotes the value group of $K$. For quasi-projective varieties, both cohomologies are strongly related by a deformation retraction of the stable completion homeomorphic to a definable subset of $Γ_\infty$. In both contexts, we show that the corresponding cohomology theory satisf…
