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arXiv 1404.6953astro-ph.EP
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自引力盘中的星子形成:粒子自引力和反作用的影响

Planetesimal formation in self-gravitating discs: the effects of particle self-gravity and back-reaction

P. G. Gibbons, G. R. Mamatsashvili, W. K. M. Rice

摘要:

我们研究粒子动力学在自引力气体盘与一个简单的冷却法处方通过二维模拟剪切片近似。众所周知,由于引力不稳定性而在圆盘的气体成分中产生的结构可以对尘埃颗粒的演化产生重大影响。先前的研究结果表明,螺旋密度波可以高效地收集灰尘颗粒,产生显著的局部超密度颗粒。这种浓度的程度已被证明取决于两个参数:尘埃颗粒的大小和气体冷却的速度。我们扩展了这些发现,包括尘埃粒子的自引力,看看这些粒子的超密度是如何演变的。我们使用PENCIL代码来解决本地剪切片方程的气体在一个固定的网格连同固体的运动方程耦合到气体通过气动阻力。我们发现,螺旋密度波峰中颗粒表面密度的增强可以达到足够高的水平,以允许圆盘的固体成分在其自身的重力下坍塌。这在螺旋结构中产生了许多受引力束缚的粒子集合。包含在束缚结构中的总质量似乎几乎与冷却时间无关,这表明通过自引力密度波捕获尘埃粒子形成微行星可能在比以前认为的更大的半径范围内形成。因此,在恒星形成的早期阶段,由于引力不稳定性而产生的密度波可能为许多大的行星大小的物体的快速形成提供了极好的场所。

英文摘要:

We study particle dynamics in self-gravitating gaseous discs with a simple cooling law prescription via two-dimensional simulations in the shearing sheet approximation. It is well known that structures arising in the gaseous component of the disc due to a gravitational instability can have a significant effect on the evolution of dust particles. Previous results have shown that spiral density waves can be highly efficient at collecting dust particles, creating significant local over-densities of particles. The degree of such concentrations has been shown to be dependent on two parameters: the size of the dust particles and the rate of gas cooling. We expand on these findings, including the self-gravity of dust particles, to see how these particle over-densities evolve. We use the PENCIL CODE to solve the local shearing sheet equations for gas on a fixed grid together with the equations of motion for solids coupled to the gas through an aerodynamic drag force. We find that the enhancements in the surface density of particles in spiral density wave crests can reach levels high enough to allow the solid component of the disc to collapse under its own self-gravity. This produces many gravitationally bound collections of particles within the spiral structure. The total mass contained in bound structures appears nearly independent of the cooling time, suggesting that the formation of planetesimals through dust particle trapping by self-gravitating density waves may be possible at a larger range of radii within a disc than previously thought. So, density waves due to gravitational instabilities in the early stages of star formation may provide excellent sites for the rapid formation of many large, planetesimal-sized objects.

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