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arXiv 1202.0771astro-ph.EP
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作为微行星安全避难所的死区:盘质量和外部磁场的影响

Dead zones as safe-havens for planetesimals: influence of disc mass and external magnetic field

Oliver Gressel, Richard P. Nelson, Neal J. Turner

摘要:

嵌入原行星盘中的微行星被周围湍流的密度波动所施加的引力扭矩所搅动。特别是,在支持充分发展的磁旋转湍流的盘中的星子很容易被激发到高于灾难性破坏阈值的速度分散,停止行星形成。我们的目的是检查的星子躺在一个磁解耦的中平面死区,搅拌只有螺旋密度波传播出磁盘的磁耦合湍流表面层的搅拌。我们扩展了以前的研究,包括更广泛的磁盘模型,并探讨了不同的磁盘列密度和外部磁场强度的影响。[...]搅拌的强度被发现是独立的气体表面密度,这是相反的,从一个简单的线性波图片预期与光盘质量的增加。这种差异是由于密度波在传播到死区时被剪切掉,导致中平面附近的密度结构平均施加较弱的随机扭矩。我们提供了一个简单的分析适合我们的数值获得的扭矩振幅,占这种效果。另一方面,搅拌敏感地取决于净垂直磁通量,直到饱和水平,高于该饱和水平,磁力在湍流层中占主导地位。对于我们的大多数模型,平衡的星子速度分散之间的阈值破坏强和弱的聚集,这表明碰撞的结果将取决于材料的属性。然而,具有相对较弱磁场的圆盘产生的搅动减少,并且它们的死区甚至为最弱的星子提供了安全的避难所,以防止碰撞破坏。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) Planetesimals embedded in a protoplanetary disc are stirred by gravitational torques exerted by density fluctuations in the surrounding turbulence. In particular, planetesimals in a disc supporting fully developed magneto-rotational turbulence are readily excited to velocity dispersions above the threshold for catastrophic disruption, halting planet formation. We aim to examine the stirring of planetesimals lying instead in a magnetically-decoupled midplane dead zone, stirred only by spiral density waves propagating out of the disc's magnetically-coupled turbulent surface layers. We extend previous studies to include a wider range of disc models, and explore the effects of varying the disc column density and external magnetic field strength. [...] The strength of the stirring is found to be independent of the gas surface density, which is contrary to the increase with disc mass expected from a simple linear wave picture. The discrepancy arises from the shearing out of density waves as they propagate into the dead zone, resulting in density structures near the midplane that exert weaker stochastic torques on average. We provide a simple analytic fit to our numerically obtained torque amplitudes that accounts for this effect. The stirring on the other hand depends sensitively on the net vertical magnetic flux, up to a saturation level above which magnetic forces dominate in the turbulent layers. For the majority of our models, the equilibrium planetesimal velocity dispersions lie between the thresholds for disrupting strong and weak aggregates, suggesting that collision outcomes will depend on material properties. However, discs with relatively weak magnetic fields yield reduced stirring, and their dead zones provide safe-havens even for the weakest planetesimals against collisional destruction.

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