As part of our continuing campaign to measure the masses of pre-main sequence stars dynamically and thus to assess the reliability of the discrepant theoretical calculations of contraction to the main sequence, we present new results for NTTS 045251+3016, a visual and double-lined spectroscopic binary in the Taurus Star Forming Region. We obtained new high angular resolution astrometry and high spectral resolution spectroscopy at Keck Observatory. The new data lead to a significant revision of previously published orbital parameters. In particular, we find that the masses of the primary and secondary are 0.86+/-0.11 and 0.55+/-0.05 M_sun, respectively, smaller than previously reported, and that the system lies 158.7+/-3.9 pc from the sun, further than previously reported.
Stellar masses are fundamental but often difficult to measure. Thanks to the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) and $Gaia$, dynamical masses of pre-main sequence stars can be precisely measured using the Keplerian rotation of protoplanetary disks. We used ALMA CO(2-1) and CO(3-2) observations of CT Cha and DS Tau to determine their masses by modeling the geometry, kinematics, and physical properties of their disks with a Bayesian-based radiative transfer modeling code $pdspy$. We found that the posterior distributions of the masses from the two transitions are inconsistent at the 2-4 $σ$ le…
The binary nature of the M8.5 dwarf DENIS J063001.4$-$184014AB (DE0630$-$18) was discovered with astrometric monitoring from the ground, which determined the unresolved photocentric orbit and the trigonometric parallax of the system. Here we present radial-velocity monitoring and resolved observations in the near-infrared with Keck aperture masking that allow us to measure the system's relative separation and brightness. By combining all available information, we determine the individual dynamical masses of the binary components to be $M_1 = 0.052^{+0.009}_{-0.008} M_\mathrm{Sun}$ and $M_2 = 0…
Magnetic fields and mass accretion processes create dark and bright spots on the surface of young stars. These spots manifest as surface thermal inhomogeneities, which alter the global temperature measured on the stars. To understand the effects and implications of these starspots, we conducted a large iSHELL high-resolution infrared spectroscopic survey of T Tauri stars in Taurus-Auriga and Ophiuchus star-forming regions. From the K band spectra, we measured stellar temperatures and magnetic field strengths using a magnetic radiative transfer code. We compared our infrared-derived parameters …
Dynamical masses of M-dwarf binaries in young moving groups: II - Toward empirical mass-luminosity isochrones
低质量恒星在其生命的最初~ 1亿年期间表现出实质性的主序前演化。因此,年轻的M-型恒星是等时线测年的主要目标,特别是在年轻的移动星群(YMG)中,其中包含大量在这个质量和年龄范围内的恒星。如果一颗恒星的质量和光度都可以直接测定,这就可以进行特别可靠的等时线分析。这激发了对具有空间可分辨轨道的低质量双星的深入研究,其中可以推导出动力学质量。在这里,我们提出了一个观测活动的结果,致力于轨道监测AB Dor Ba/Bb,这是一个密切的M-矮星对内的四倍AB Dor系统。我们已经获得了八个天体测量时代的SPHERE/ZIMPOL和NACO仪器,我们结合文献数据,以提高对轨道特征的鲁棒性和精度。我们发现系统质量为0.66+/-0.12 Msun,AB Dor Ba和Bb的测辐射热光度log(L/Lsun)分别为-2.02+/-0.02和-2.11 +/-0.02。这些测量结合其他YMG对在文献中开始建立一个框架的经验等时线的质量-光度空间。这可以用来校准理论等时线,并提供一个模型的基础上评估相对恒星年龄。我们注意到一个试探性的新兴趋势,其中最年轻的移动群成员在很大程度上与理论预期一致,而在较老的协会,如AB Dor移动群的恒星似乎是系统性的相对于等时预期。
Double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2) allow us to determine a lower limit of the masses of their components directly to test stellar models. In this work, our aim is to derive the orbital and physical parameters of GJ1284, a young SB2. We also revise the membership of this system and its two wide co-moving companions, GJ898 and GJ897AB, to a young moving group to assess, along with other youth indicators, their age. Afterwards, we compare the results from these analyses and the photometry of these systems with several pre-main-sequence evolutionary models. We determine the orbit of the GJ1…
Dynamical masses of young stellar objects with the VLBA: DYNAMO-VLBA: Radio binary stars in Orion
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie(马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所);Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(墨西哥国立自治大学无线电天文学与天体物理研究所);Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Guanajuato(瓜纳华托大学天文学系);Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University(哈佛大学黑洞倡议项目);David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University(哈佛大学大卫·洛克菲勒拉丁美洲研究中心);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Florida(北佛罗里达大学物理与天文学系);Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica(国家天文学、光学和电子学研究所);Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo(圣保罗大学天文学、地球物理学和大气科学研究所);National Radio Astronomy Observatory(美国国家射电天文台);Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB)(巴塞罗那大学量子物理与天体物理学系);Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB)(巴塞罗那大学宇宙科学研究所);Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire(赫特福德大学天体物理学研究中心)
Recent observations have revealed a population of $α$-element abundances enhanced giant stars with unexpected high masses ($\gtrsim$1 $M_\odot$) from asteroseismic analysis and spectroscopy. Assuming single-star evolution, their masses imply young ages ($τ<6$Gyr) incompatible with the canonical Galactic chemical evolution scenario. Here we study the chemistry and kinematics of a large sample of such $α$-rich, high-mass red giant branch (RGB) stars drawn from the LAMOST spectroscopic surveys. Using LAMOST and Gaia, we found these stars share the same kinematics as the canonical high-$α$ old ste…
Recent spectroscopic explorations of large Galactic stellar samples stars have revealed the existence of red giants with [$α$/Fe] ratios that are anomalously high, given their relatively young ages. We revisit the GALAH DR3 survey to look for both dwarfs and giants with extreme [$α$/Fe] ratios, that is, the upper 1% in the [$α$/Fe]-[Fe/H] plane over the range in [Fe/H] between -1.1 and +0.4 dex. We refer to these outliers as "ex$α$fe" stars. We used the GALAH DR3 data and their value-added catalog to trace the properties (abundances, masses, ages, and kinematics) of the ex$α$fe stars. We inves…
We present the discovery of a planetary-mass companion to CFHTWIR-Oph 98, a low-mass brown dwarf member of the young Ophiuchus star-forming region, with a wide 200-au separation (1.46 arcsec). The companion was identified using Hubble Space Telescope images, and confirmed to share common proper motion with the primary using archival and new ground-based observations. Based on the very low probability of the components being unrelated Ophiuchus members, we conclude that Oph 98 AB forms a binary system. From our multi-band photometry, we constrain the primary to be an M9-L1 dwarf, and the faint …
In recent years evidence has been building that planet formation starts early, in the first $\sim$ 0.5 Myr. Studying the dust masses available in young disks enables understanding the origin of planetary systems since mature disks are lacking the solid material necessary to reproduce the observed exoplanetary systems, especially the massive ones. We aim to determine if disks in the embedded stage of star formation contain enough dust to explain the solid content of the most massive exoplanets. We use Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 observations of embedded disks in t…
Faint young Sun paradox (FYSP) is one of the unsolved problem in solar physics. The present study aims to get a possible solution for the FYSP through sun-like G stars and their exoplanetary systems. Using physical properties of exoplanetary data, an empirical relationship between the rate of mass loss ($\frac{dM}{dt}$) with stellar mass (M$_{\star}$) and age ({\em t}) is obtained. We found mass loss rate varies with stellar mass as $\propto$ $(M_{\star}/M_\odot)^{-3.788}$ and proportional to the age as $\propto$ t$^{-1.25}$, which indicates rate of mass loss is higher during early evolutionar…
We present 3 mm ALMA continuum and line observations at resolutions of 6.5 au and 13 au respectively, toward the Class 0 system IRAS 16293-2422 A. The continuum observations reveal two compact sources towards IRAS 16293-2422 A, coinciding with compact ionized gas emission previously observed at radio wavelengths (A1 and A2), confirming the long-known radio sources as protostellar. The emission towards A2 is resolved and traces a dust disk with a FWHM size of ~12 au, while the emission towards A1 sets a limit to the FWHM size of the dust disk of ~4 au. We also detect spatially resolved molecula…
We have carried out a search for massive white dwarfs (WDs) in the direction of young open star clusters using the Gaia DR2 database. The aim of this survey was to provide robust data for new and previously known high-mass WDs regarding cluster membership, to highlight WDs previously included in the Initial Final Mass Relation (IFMR) that are unlikely members of their respective clusters according to Gaia astrometry and to select an unequivocal WD sample that could then be compared with the host clusters' turnoff masses. All promising WD candidates in each cluster CMD were followed up with spe…
We present the results from an Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.3 mm continuum and $^{12}$CO ($J=2-1$) line survey spread over 10 square degrees in the Serpens star-forming region of 320 young stellar objects, 302 of which are likely members of Serpens (16 Class I, 35 Flat spectrum, 235 Class II, and 16 Class III). From the continuum data, we derive disk dust masses and show that they systematically decline from Class I to Flat spectrum to Class II sources. Grouped by stellar evolutionary state, the disk mass distributions are similar to other young ($<3$ Myr) regions, ind…
Implications of the discovery of AF Lep b: The mass-luminosity relation for planets in the $β$ Pic Moving Group and the L-T transition for young companions and free-floating planets
基于 AF Lep b 的发现,本研究重新审视了 BPMG 中年轻行星的质量-光度关系,发现热启动模型更符合观测,并指出年轻伴星与自由漂浮行星在近红外颜色-星等图上的 L-T 转变差异可能源于化学成分不同。