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arXiv 1408.3475astro-ph.SR
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年轻恒星径向速度行星探测的经验极限

Empirical Limits on Radial Velocity Planet Detection for Young Stars

Lynne Hillenbrand, Howard Isaacson, Geoffrey Marcy, Scott Barenfeld, Debra Fischer, Andrew Howard

摘要:

我们报告的初步结果,从我们的长期搜索使用精确的径向速度的行星质量的同伴位于几个AU的恒星比太阳年轻。基于一个大于150颗恒星的样本,我们定义了径向速度散射中的一个底,sigma_RV,作为色球活动水平R '_{HK}的函数。这个抖动的下限随着恒星活动的增加而增加,它设定了可以探测到的最小行星质量。采用中位数活动年龄关系揭示了天体物理学的限制,通过径向速度监测可辨别的行星质量,作为恒星年龄的函数。考虑到具有平均抖动活动水平的太阳质量原色,当它们小于100 / 300 / 1000百万年时,径向速度测量中的随机抖动分量将可检测的伴星质量限制为> 0.3 / 0.2 / 0.1 M_木星。这些数字需要在比轨道周期更长的时间范围内进行大量-几十次-径向速度观测。较低的伴星质量限制可以实现小于平均抖动和/或增加观测次数的恒星。

英文摘要:

We report initial results from our long term search using precision radial velocities for planetary-mass companions located within a few AU of stars younger than the Sun. Based on a sample of >150 stars, we define a floor in the radial velocity scatter, sigma_RV, as a function of the chromospheric activity level R'_{HK}. This lower bound to the jitter, which increases with increasing stellar activity, sets the minimum planet mass that could be detected. Adopting a median activity-age relationship reveals the astrophysical limits to planet masses discernable via radial velocity monitoring, as a function of stellar age. Considering solar-mass primaries having the mean jitter-activity level, when they are younger than 100 / 300 / 1000 Myr, the stochastic jitter component in radial velocity measurements restricts detectable companion masses to > 0.3 / 0.2 / 0.1 M_Jupiter. These numbers require a large number -- several tens -- of radial velocity observations taken over a time frame longer than the orbital period. Lower companion mass limits can be achieved for stars with less than the mean jitter and/or with an increased number of observations.

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