Let $R$ be a ring and $M$ be a right $R$-module. $M$ is called neat-flat if any short exact sequence of the form $0\to K\to N\to M\to 0$ is neat-exact i.e. any homomorphism from a simple right $R$-module $S$ to $M$ can be lifted to $N$. We prove that, a module is neat-flat if and only if it is simple-projective. Neat-flat right $R$-modules are projective if and only if $R$ is a right $\sum$-$CS$ ring. Every finitely generated neat-flat right $R$-module is projective if and only if $R$ is a right $C$-ring and every finitely generated free right $R$-module is extending. Every cyclic neat-flat right $R$-module is projective if and only if $R$ is right $CS$ and right $C$-ring. Some characterizations of neat-flat modules are obtained over the rings whose simple right $R$-modules are finitely presented.
We prove that, for any $n \geq 2$, the classes of $\rm{FP}_{n}$-injective modules and of $\rm{FP}_n$-flat modules are both covering and preenveloping over any ring $R$. This includes the case of $\rm{FP}_{\infty}$-injective and $\rm{FP}_{\infty}$-flat modules (i.e. absolutely clean and, respectively, level modules). Then we consider a generalization of the class of (strongly) Gorenstein flat modules - the (strongly) Gorenstein AC-flat modules (cycles of exact complexes of flat modules that remain exact when tensored with any absolutely clean module). We prove that some of the properties of Gor…
Let $R$ be a ring and $n$, $k$ two non-negative integers. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of $n$-weak injective and $n$-weak flat modules and via the notion of special super finitely presented modules, we obtain some characterizations of these modules. We also investigate two classes of modules with richer contents, namely $\mathcal{WI}_k^n(R)$ and $\mathcal{WF}_k^n(R^{op})$ which are larger than that of modules with weak injective and weak flat dimensions less than or equal to $k$. Then on any arbitrary ring, we study the existence of $\mathcal{WI}_k^n(R)$ and $\mathcal{WF}_k^n(R^{op…
In this paper, we study the relative homological dimension based on the class of projectively coresolved Gorenstein flat modules (PGF-modules), that were introduced by Saroch and Stovicek. The resulting PGF-dimension of modules has several properties in common with the Gorenstein projective dimension, the relative homological theory based on the class of Gorenstein projective modules. In particular, there is a hereditary Hovey triple in the category of modules of finite PGF-dimension, whose associated homotopy category is triangulated equivalent to the stable category of PGF-modules. Studying …
Let R be a graded ring and n > 1 an integer. In this paper, We introduce the notions of Ding n-gr-injective and Ding n-gr-flat modules by using of special finitely presented graded modules . Then, some properties of Ding n-gr-injective and Ding n-gr-flat modules are obtained. On n-gr-coherent rings, we investigate the relationships among Ding n-gr-injective and Ding n-gr-flat modules and also, we prove that any graded module in R-gr (resp. gr-R) admits an Ding n-gr-injective (resp. Ding n-gr-flat) cover and preenvelope.
Recently, many authors have embraced the study of certain properties of modules such as projectivity, injectivity and flatness from an alternative point of view. Rather than saying a module has a certain property or not, each module is assigned a relative domain which, somehow, measures to which extent it has this particular property. In this work, we introduce a new and fresh perspective on flatness of modules. However, we will first investigate a more general context by introducing domains relative to a precovering class $\x$. We call these domains $\x$-precover completing domains. In partic…
In this paper several characterizations of semi-compact modules are given. Among other results, we study rings whose semi-compact modules are injective. We introduce the property $Σ$-semi-compact for modules and we characterize the modules satisfying this property. In particular, we show that a ring $R$ is left $Σ$-semi-compact if and only if $R$ satisfies the ascending (resp. descending) chain condition on the left (resp. right) annulets. Moreover, we prove that every flat left $R$-module is semi-compact if and only if $R$ is left $Σ$-semi-compact. We also show that a ring $R$ is left Noether…
In this paper, we introduce the notions of Gorenstein weak injective and weak flat modules respectively in terms of weak injective and weak flat modules, which is larger than classical classes of Gorenstein injective and flat modules. In this new setting, we characterize rings over which all modules are Gorenstein weak injective. Moreover, we also discuss a relation between weak cosyzygy and Gorenstein weak cosyzygy of a module, and the stability of Gorenstein weak injective modules.
Let $M$ be a module. A {\em $δ$-cover} of $M$ is an epimorphism from a module $F$ onto $M$ with a $δ$-small kernel. A $δ$-cover is said to be a {\em flat $δ$-cover} in case $F$ is a flat module. In the present paper, we investigate some properties of (flat) $δ$-covers and flat modules having a projective $δ$-cover. Moreover, we study rings over which every module has a flat $δ$-cover and call them {\em right generalized $δ$-perfect} rings. We also give some characterizations of $δ$-semiperfect and $δ$-perfect rings in terms of locally (finitely, quasi-, direct-) projective $δ$-covers and flat …
Let $R$ by a right coherent ring and $R$-Mod denote the category of left $R$-modules. We show that there is an abelian model structure on $R$-Mod whose cofibrant objects are precisely the Gorenstein flat modules. Employing a new method for constructing model structures, the key step is to show that a module is flat and cotorsion if and only if it is Gorenstein flat and Gorenstein cotorsion.
We study some closely interrelated notions of Homological Algebra: (1) We define a topology on modules over a not-necessarily commutative ring $R$ that coincides with the $R$-topology defined by Matlis when $R$ is commutative. (2) We consider the class $ \mathcal{SF}$ of strongly flat modules when $R$ is a right Ore domain with classical right quotient ring $Q$. Strongly flat modules are flat. The completion of $R$ in its $R$-topology is a strongly flat $R$-module. (3) We consider some results related to the question whether $ \mathcal{SF}$ a covering class implies $ \mathcal{SF}$ closed under…
For a module-finite algebra over a commutative noetherian ring, we give a complete description of flat cotorsion modules in terms of prime ideals of the algebra, as a generalization of Enochs' result for a commutative noetherian ring. As a consequence, we show that pointwise Matlis duality gives a bijective correspondence between the isoclasses of indecomposable injective left modules and the isoclasses of indecomposable flat cotorsion right modules. This correspondence is an explicit realization of Herzog's homeomorphism induced from elementary duality of Ziegler spectra.
Let $R$ be a ring and denote by $\mathcal{FM}$ the class of all flat and Mittag-Leffler left $R$-modules. In \cite{BazzoniStovicek2} it is proved that, if $R$ is countable, the orthogonal class of $\mathcal{FM}$ consists of all cotorsion modules. In this note we extend this result to the class of all rings $R$ satisfying that each flat left $R$-module is filtered by totally ordered limits of projective modules. This class of rings contains all countable, left perfect and discrete valuation domains. Moreover, assuming that there do not exist inaccessible cardinals, we obtain that, over these ri…
Let $R$ be any ring. We prove that all direct products of flat right $R$-modules have finite flat dimension if and only if each finitely generated left ideal of $R$ has finite projective dimension relative to the class of all $\mathcal F$-Mittag-Leffler left $R$-modules, where $\mathcal F$ is the class of all flat right $R$-modules. In order to prove this theorem, we obtain a general result concerning global relative dimension. Namely, if $\mathcal X$ is any class of left $R$-modules closed under filtrations that contains all projective modules, then $R$ has finite left global projective dimen…
In this paper, we study the relation between $m$-strongly Gorenstein projective (resp. injective) modules and $n$-strongly Gorenstein projective (resp. injective) modules whenever $m \neq n$, and the homological behavior of $n$-strongly Gorenstein projective (resp. injective) modules. We introduce the notion of $n$-strongly Gorenstein flat modules. Then we study the homological behavior of $n$-strongly Gorenstein flat modules, and the relation between these modules and $n$-strongly Gorenstein projective (resp. injective) modules.
In this paper, we define a class of relative derived functors in terms of left or right weak flat resolutions to compute the weak flat dimension of modules. Moreover, we investigate two classes of modules larger than that of weak injective and weak flat modules, study the existence of covers and preenvelopes, and give some applications.
A definition of quasi-flat left module is proposed and it is shown that any left module which is either quasi-projective or flat is quasi-flat. A characterization of local commutative rings for which each ideal is quasi-flat (resp. quasi-projective) is given. It is also proven that each commutative ring R whose finitely generated ideals are quasi-flat is of $λ$-dimension $\le$ 3, and this dimension $\le$ 2 if R is local. This extends a former result about the class of arithmetical rings. Moreover, if R has a unique minimal prime ideal then its finitely generated ideals are quasi-projective if …
It is proved that every commutative ring whose RD-injective modules are $Σ$-RD-injective is the product of a pure semi-simple ring and a finite ring. A complete characterization of commutative rings for which each artinian (respectively simple) module is RD-injective, is given. These results can be obtained by using the properties of RD-flat modules and RD-coflat modules which are respectively the RD-relativization of flat modules and fp-injective modules. It is also shown that a commutative ring is perfect if and only if each RD-flat module is RD-projective.
It is well-known that a class of all modules, which are torsion-free with respect to a set of ideals, is closed under injective envelopes. In this paper, we consider a kind of a dual to this statement - are the divisibility classes closed under flat covers? - and argue that this is seldom the case. More precisely, we show that the class of all divisible modules over an integral domain R is closed under flat covers if and only if R is almost perfect. Also, we show that if the class of all s-divisible modules, where s is a regular element of a commutative ring R, is closed under flat covers then…
We show that over any ring, the double Ext-orthogonal class to all flat Mittag-Leffler modules contains all countable direct limits of flat Mittag-Leffler modules. If the ring is countable, then the double orthogonal class consists precisely of all flat modules and we deduce, using a recent result of Šaroch and Trlifaj, that the class of flat Mittag-Leffler modules is not precovering in Mod-R unless R is right perfect.
Let $R$ be a valuation ring and let $Q$ be its total quotient ring. It is proved that any singly projective (respectively flat) module is finitely projective if and only if $Q$ is maximal (respectively artinian). It is shown that each singly projective module is a content module if and only if any non-unit of $R$ is a zero-divisor and that each singly projective module is locally projective if and only if $R$ is self injective. Moreover, $R$ is maximal if and only if each singly projective module is separable, if and only if any flat content module is locally projective. Necessary and sufficie…
A left $R$-module $M$ is called two-degree Ding projective if there exists an exact sequence $...\longrightarrow D_{1}\longrightarrow D_{0}\longrightarrow D_{-1}\longrightarrow D_{-2}\longrightarrow...$ of Ding projective left $R$-modules such that $M\cong\ker (D_{0}\longrightarrow D_{-1})$ and $\Hom_{R} (-, F)$ leaves the sequence exact for any flat (or Gorenstein flat) left $R$-module $F$. In this paper, we show that the two-degree Ding projective modules are nothing more than the Ding projective modules.
Let $M$ be a left $R-$module and $\pazocal{A}=\{A\}_{A\in\pazocal{A}}$ be a family of some submodules of $M$. It is introduced the classes of (strongly) $M-\pazocal{A}-\mathrm{injective}$ and (strongly) $M-\pazocal{A}-\mathrm{flat}$ modules which are denoted by $(S) M-\pazocal{A}I$ and $(S) M-\pazocal{A}F$, respectively. It is obtained some characterizations of these classes and the relationships between these classes. Moreover it is investigated $(S) M-\pazocal{A}I$ and $(S) M-\pazocal{A}F$ precovers and preenvelopes of modules. It is also studied $\pazocal{A}$-coherent, $F\pazocal{A}$ and $P…
We give necessary and sufficient conditions in order for the class of projectively coresolved Gorenstein flat modules, $\mathcal{PGF}$, (respectively that of projectively coresolved Gorenstein $\mathcal{B}$ flat modules, $\mathcal{PGF}_{\mathcal{B}}$) to coincide with the class of Ding projective modules ($\mathcal{DP})$. We show that $\mathcal{PGF} = \mathcal{DP}$ if and only if every Ding projective module is Gorenstein flat. This is the case if the ring $R$ is coherent for example. We include an example to show that the coherence is a sufficient, but not a necessary condition in order to ha…
$n$-Absolutely pure and $n$-flat modules, revisited
Instituto de Matemática y Estadística “Prof. Ing. Rafael Laguardia”. Facultad de Ingeniería. Universidad de la República.（拉瓦利亚教授工程师数学与统计研究所，工程学院，共和国大学）
The relationship between comodules of a coring and flat connections is reviewed. In particular we specialise to corings which are built on a tensor product of algebra and a coalgebra. Such corings are in one-to-one correspondence with entwining structures, and their comodules are entwined modules. These include Yetter-Drinfeld and anti-Yetter-Drinfeld modules and their generalisations, hence all the modules of interest to Hopf-cyclic cohomology. In this way the interpretation of the latter as modules with flat connections [A Kaygun and M Khalkhali, Hopf modules and noncommutative differential …
We obtain a characterization of left perfect rings via superstability of the class of flat left modules with pure embeddings. $\mathbf{Theorem.}$ For a ring $R$ the following are equivalent. - $R$ is left perfect. - The class of flat left $R$-modules with pure embeddings is superstable. - There exists a $λ\geq (|R| + \aleph_0)^+$ such that the class of flat left $R$-modules with pure embeddings has uniqueness of limit models of cardinality $λ$. - Every limit model in the class of flat left $R$-modules with pure embeddings is $Σ$-cotorsion. A key step in our argument is the study of limit model…
A recent result by J. Šaroch and J. Šťov\'ıček asserts that there is a unique abelian model structure on the category of left $R$-modules, for any associative ring $R$ with identity, whose (trivially) cofibrant and (trivially) fibrant objects are given by the classes of Gorenstein flat (resp., flat) and cotorsion (resp., Gorenstein cotorsion) modules. In this paper, we generalise this result to a certain relativisation of Gorenstein flat modules, which we call Gorenstein $\mathcal{B}$-flat modules, where $\mathcal{B}$ is a class of right $R$-modules. Using some of the techniques considered by …
Let $S$ and $R$ be rings and $_SC_R$ a (faithfully) semidualizing bimodule. We introduce and study $C$-weak flat and $C$-weak injective modules as a generalization of $C$-flat and $C$-injective modules (J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 47(2007), 781-808) respectively, and use them to provide additional information concerning the important Foxby equivalence between the subclasses of the Auslander class $\mathcal{A}_C(R)$ and that of the Bass class $\mathcal{B}_C(S)$. Then we study the stability of Auslander and Bass classes, which enables us to give some alternative characterizations of the modules in $\ma…
For a given class of modules $\mathcal{A}$, we denote by $\widetilde{\mathcal{A}}$ the class of exact complexes $X$ having all cycles in $\mathcal{A}$, and by $dw(\mathcal{A})$ the class of complexes $Y$ with all components $Y_j$ in $\mathcal{A}$. We use the notations $\mathcal{GI}$ $(\mathcal{GF}, \mathcal{GP})$ for the class of Gorenstein injective (Gorenstein flat, Gorenstein projective respectively) $R$-modules, $\mathcal{DI}$ for Ding injective modules, and $\mathcal{PGF}$ for projectively coresolved Gorenstein flat modules (see section 2 for definitions). We prove that the following are …
We characterize left Noetherian rings in terms of the duality property of injective preenvelopes and flat precovers. For a left and right Noetherian ring $R$, we prove that the flat dimension of the injective envelope of any (Gorenstein) flat left $R$-module is at most the flat dimension of the injective envelope of $_RR$. Then we get that the injective envelope of $_RR$ is (Gorenstein) flat if and only if the injective envelope of every Gorenstein flat left $R$-module is (Gorenstein) flat, if and only if the injective envelope of every flat left $R$-module is (Gorenstein) flat, if and only if…
We continue our study of relatively divisible and relatively flat objects in exact categories in the sense of Quillen with several applications to exact structures on finitely accessible additive categories and module categories. We derive consequences for exact structures generated by the simple modules and the modules with zero Jacobson radical.
For a unital ring, it is an open question whether flatness of simple modules implies all modules are flat and thus the ring is von Neumann regular. The question was raised by Ramamurthi over 40 years ago who called such rings SF-rings (i.e., simple modules are flat). In this note we show that a SF Steinberg algebra of an ample Hausdorff groupoid, graded by an ordered group, has an aperiodic unit space. For graph groupoids this implies that the graphs are acyclic. Combining with the Abrams-Rangaswamy Theorem, it follows that SF Leavitt path algebras are regular, answering Ramamurthi's question …
Drinfeld recently suggested to replace projective modules by the flat Mittag--Leffler ones in the definition of an infinite dimensional vector bundle on a scheme $X$. Two questions arise: (1) What is the structure of the class $\mathcal D$ of all flat Mittag--Leffler modules over a general ring? (2) Can flat Mittag--Leffler modules be used to build a Quillen model category structure on the category of all chain complexes of quasi--coherent sheaves on $X$? We answer (1) by showing that a module $M$ is flat Mittag--Leffler, if and only if $M$ is $\aleph_1$--projective in the sense of Eklof and M…
We prove that for a left and right Noetherian ring $R$, $_RR$ satisfies the Auslander condition if and only if so does every flat left $R$-module, if and only if the injective dimension of the $i$th term in a minimal flat resolution of any injective left $R$-module is at most $i-1$ for any $i \geq 1$, if and only if the flat (resp. injective) dimension of the $i$th term in a minimal injective coresolution (resp. flat resolution) of any left $R$-module $M$ is at most the flat (resp. injective) dimension of $M$ plus $i-1$ for any $i \geq 1$, if and only if the flat (resp. injective) dimension of…
In this paper, we first introduce $\mathcal {W}_F$-Gorenstein modules to establish the following Foxby equivalence: $\xymatrix@C=80pt{\mathcal {G}(\mathcal {F})\cap \mathcal {A}_C(R) \ar@<0.5ex>[r]^{C\otimes_R-} & \mathcal {G}(\mathcal {W}_F) \ar@<0.5ex>[l]^{\textrm{Hom}_R(C,-)}} $ where $\mathcal {G}(\mathcal {F})$, $\mathcal {A}_C(R) $ and $\mathcal {G}(\mathcal {W}_F)$ denote the class of Gorenstein flat modules, the Auslander class and the class of $\mathcal {W}_F$-Gorenstein modules respectively. Then, we investigate two-degree $\mathcal {W}_F$-Gorenstein modules. An $R$-module $M$ is sai…
Let $k$ be a commutative ring, $H$ a faithfully flat Hopf algebra with bijective antipode, $A$ a $k$-flat right $H$-comodule algebra. We investigate when a relative Hopf module is projective over the subring of coinvariants $B=A^{{\rm co}H}$, and we study the semisimplicity of the category of relative Hopf modules.
In this paper we study Rota-Baxter modules with emphasis on the role played by the Rota-Baxter operators and resulting difference between Rota-Baxter modules and the usual modules over an algebra. We introduce the concepts of free, projective, injective and flat Rota-Baxter modules. We give the construction of free modules and show that there are enough projective, injective and flat Rota-Baxter modules to provide the corresponding resolutions for derived functor.
We study the flatness and the projectivity of Hopf algebras, defined over a Dedekind ring, over their Hopf subalgebras. We give a criterion for the faithful flatness and use it to show the faithful flatness of an arbitrary flat Hopf algebra upon its finite normal Hopf subalgebra. For the projectivity of a projective Hopf algebras we need some finiteness condition in terms of the module of integral. In particular we show the the module of integral has rank one.
Let $R\to U$ be an associative ring epimorphism such that $U$ is a flat left $R$-module. Assume that the related Gabriel topology $\mathbb G$ of right ideals in $R$ has a countable base. Then we show that the left $R$-module $U$ has projective dimension at most $1$. Furthermore, the abelian category of left contramodules over the completion of $R$ at $\mathbb G$ fully faithfully embeds into the Geigle-Lenzing right perpendicular subcategory to $U$ in the category of left $R$-modules, and every object of the latter abelian category is an extension of two objects of the former one. We discuss co…
We study Gorenstein flat objects in the category ${\sf Rep}(Q,R)$ of representations of a left rooted quiver $Q$ with values in ${\sf Mod}(R)$, the category of all left $R$-modules, where $R$ is an arbitrary associative ring. We show that a representation $X$ in ${\sf Rep}(Q,R)$ is Gorenstein flat if and only if for each vertex $i$ the canonical homomorphism $φ_i^X: \oplus_{a:j\to i}X(j)\to X(i)$ is injective, and the left $R$-modules $X(i)$ and ${\rm Coker}φ_i^X$ are Gorenstein flat. As an application of this result, we show that there is a hereditary abelian model structure on ${\sf Rep}(Q,R…
