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arXiv 1209.3159cond-mat.softcond-mat.mtrl-sci
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模式颗粒密度的声学测量

Acoustic measurement of a granular density of modes

Eli T. Owens, Karen E. Daniels

摘要:

在玻璃和其他无序材料中,对振动态密度的测量表明,与晶体材料中的德拜标度相比,过多的长波长(低频)模式与机械刚度的损失有关。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的技术来测量模式(DOM)在一个真正的颗粒材料,在其中我们模仿热激发使用白噪声声波的密度。由此产生的振动检测与压电传感器嵌入内部的一个子集的颗粒,从中我们能够计算DOM通过频谱的速度自相关函数,以前应用于热系统中的技术。单个粒子的速度分布被观察到是高斯分布,但由于单个分布的宽度不同,总体分布是非高斯分布。尽管这种偏离一个真正的热系统,我们发现,DOM表现出几个热的功能,包括德拜标度在压缩的六角形有序包装,并增加在低频率模式的围压降低。在无序包装,我们发现,一个特征频率$f_c$随压力的增加,但更弱的比已经观察到的模拟无摩擦包装。

英文摘要:

In glasses and other disordered materials, measurements of the vibrational density of states reveal that an excess number of long-wavelength (low-frequency) modes, as compared to the Debye scaling seen in crystalline materials, is associated with a loss of mechanical rigidity. In this paper, we present a novel technique for measuring the density of modes (DOM) in a real granular material, in which we mimic thermal excitations using white noise acoustic waves. The resulting vibrations are detected with piezoelectric sensors embedded inside a subset of the particles, from which we are able to compute the DOM via the spectrum of the velocity autocorrelation function, a technique previously applied in thermal systems. The velocity distribution for individual particles is observed to be Gaussian, but the ensemble distribution is non-Gaussian due to varying widths of the individual distributions. In spite of this deviation from a true thermal system, we find that the DOM exhibits several thermal-like features, including Debye scaling in a compressed hexagonally ordered packing, and an increase in low-frequency modes as the confining pressure is decreased. In disordered packings, we find that a characteristic frequency $f_c$ increases with pressure, but more weakly than has been observed in simulations of frictionless packings.

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