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arXiv 1902.02048cond-mat.soft
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使用2D粒状晶体的有源声学开关

Active acoustic switches using 2D granular crystals

Qikai Wu, Chunyang Cui, Thibault Bertrand, Mark D. Shattuck, Corey S. O'Hern

摘要:

我们采用数值模拟来研究有源晶体管开关从二维(2D)粒状晶体包含两种类型的晶粒具有相同的大小,但不同的质量。我们调整颗粒的质量对比度和排列,以最大化设备中的频带隙的宽度。输入信号施加到器件一侧的单个晶粒,输出信号从器件另一侧的另一晶粒测量。改变一个或多个颗粒的大小可以调整压力,从而控制设备的振动响应。开和关状态之间的切换使用两种机制实现:1)压力诱导切换,其中颗粒间接触网络在开和关状态下相同,以及2)通过接触断开切换。一般而言,声学开关的性能,如通过增益比和接通与关断状态之间的切换时间所捕获的,对于压力诱导切换更好。我们表明,在这些声学开关的开和关状态之间的增益比可以大于$10^4$和开关时间(乘以驱动频率)是最近获得的声波晶体和小于光子晶体管开关。由于具有不同质量的颗粒自组装成2D粒状晶体是具有挑战性的,我们描述了模拟圆形颗粒与小圆形旋钮对称放置在周围的圆形颗粒混合没有旋钮。使用伞采样技术,我们表明,与晶粒与$3$旋钮的设备最有效地形成六方晶体,产生最大的带隙。

英文摘要:

We employ numerical simulations to study active transistor-like switches made from two-dimensional (2D) granular crystals containing two types of grains with the same size, but different masses. We tune the mass contrast and arrangement of the grains to maximize the width of the frequency band gap in the device. The input signal is applied to a single grain on one side of the device, and the output signal is measured from another grain on the other side of the device. Changing the size of one or many grains tunes the pressure, which controls the vibrational response of the device. Switching between the on and off states is achieved using two mechanisms: 1) pressure-induced switching where the interparticle contact network is the same in the on and off states, and 2) switching through contact breaking. In general, the performance of the acoustic switch, as captured by the gain ratio and switching time between the on and off states, is better for pressure-induced switching. We show that in these acoustic switches the gain ratio between the on and off states can be larger than $10^4$ and the switching time (multiplied by the driving frequency) is comparable to that obtained recently for sonic crystals and less than that for photonic transistor-like switches. Since the self-assembly of grains with different masses into 2D granular crystals is challenging, we describe simulations of circular grains with small circular knobs placed symmetrically around the perimeter mixed with circular grains without knobs. Using umbrella sampling techniques, we show that devices with grains with $3$ knobs most efficiently form the hexagonal crystals that yield the largest band gap.

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