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arXiv 1202.5995astro-ph.SRastro-ph.IM
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太阳耀斑预测方法的可靠基准

Toward Reliable Benchmarking of Solar Flare Forecasting Methods

D. Shaun Bloomfield, Paul A. Higgins, R. T. James McAteer, Peter T. Gallagher

摘要:

太阳耀斑发生在复杂的太阳黑子群中,但产生给定大小耀斑的概率与太阳黑子群的特征有何关系,目前仍不清楚。在这里,我们使用地球同步运行环境卫星X射线耀斑和麦金托什组分类从太阳活动周期21日和22日计算平均耀斑速率为每个麦金托什类,并使用这些来确定泊松概率不同的耀斑幅度。预测验证措施进行了研究,以找到最佳的阈值转换泊松耀斑概率到是/否预测的周期23耀斑。一个案例,采用真正的技能统计(TSS)作为标准的预测比较常用的海德克技能评分(HSS)。在预测24小时以上的耀斑时,TSS的最大值分别为0.44(C级)、0.53(M级)、0.74(X级)、0.54(>=M1.0)和0.46(>=C1.0)。HSS的最大值为0.38(C级)、0.27(M级)、0.14(X级)、0.28(>=M1.0)和0.41(>=C1.0)。这些表明,泊松概率执行一些更复杂的预测系统,但整体的不准确性突出了使用平均值来表示燃烧率分布的问题。

英文摘要:

Solar flares occur in complex sunspot groups, but it remains unclear how the probability of producing a flare of a given magnitude relates to the characteristics of the sunspot group. Here, we use Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite X-ray flares and McIntosh group classifications from solar cycles 21 and 22 to calculate average flare rates for each McIntosh class and use these to determine Poisson probabilities for different flare magnitudes. Forecast verification measures are studied to find optimum thresholds to convert Poisson flare probabilities into yes/no predictions of cycle 23 flares. A case is presented to adopt the true skill statistic (TSS) as a standard for forecast comparison over the commonly used Heidke skill score (HSS). In predicting flares over 24 hr, the maximum values of TSS achieved are 0.44 (C-class), 0.53 (M-class), 0.74 (X-class), 0.54 (>=M1.0), and 0.46 (>=C1.0). The maximum values of HSS are 0.38 (C-class), 0.27 (M-class), 0.14 (X-class), 0.28 (>=M1.0), and 0.41 (>=C1.0). These show that Poisson probabilities perform comparably to some more complex prediction systems, but the overall inaccuracy highlights the problem with using average values to represent flaring rate distributions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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