JW-FD：一个长时程多模态太阳耀斑预报数据集
JW-FD: A 15-Year Multimodal Dataset for Solar Flare Forecasting
浏览论文内容
中文总结 AI 辅助
针对太阳耀斑预报的长时程数据需求，构建含3064个活动区的15年多模态数据集JW-FD，采用活动区分层划分避免时间泄漏，经Transformer实验确定Bth=1000 G为≥C1.0级耀斑预报的初步默认磁饱和阈值。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
太阳耀斑会引发严重的空间天气灾害，其预报至今仍是太阳物理学和业务化空间天气服务面临的核心挑战。数据驱动方法需要长时程数据集，其中图像、磁特征和耀斑标签需在空间和时间上配准。我们提出JW-FD（JW-耀斑数据集），这是一个2011年1月1日至2025年12月31日的15年多模态数据集，由SDO/HMI视线磁图、NOAA太阳活动区综述报告和NOAA X射线耀斑事件列表构建而成。该数据集包含3064个独立活动区和1991247个配准磁图裁剪图，提供FITS、PNG、CSV和MP4等模态。每个样本提供29个磁特征，关联可配置的耀斑标签，这些标签基于严格的喷发前窗口，涵盖7个预报时次和4个GOES强度阈值。我们采用活动区层面8:1:1的划分，以防止划分间的时间泄漏。PNG分支按6个磁饱和阈值发布，针对≥C1.0级耀斑预报的内部Transformer实验表明，Bth=1000 G为初步默认值，尽管最优饱和值取决于模型和任务。开源构建管道可在该https URL获取。
英文摘要
Solar flares drive severe space weather hazards, and forecasting their occurrence remains a central challenge for both heliophysics and operational space weather services. Data driven methods require long horizon datasets in which images, magnetic features, and flare labels are coregistered in space and time. We present JW-FD (JW-Flare Dataset), a 15 year multimodal release spanning 1~January~2011 through 31~December~2025, constructed from SDO/HMI line of sight magnetograms, NOAA Solar Region Summary reports, and NOAA X-ray flare event lists. The dataset comprises 3{,}064 independent active regions and 1{,}991{,}247 coregistered magnetogram crops, together with FITS, PNG, CSV, and MP4 modalities. Each sample provides 29 magnetic features linked to configurable flare labels under a strict pre-eruption window spanning seven forecast horizons and four GOES intensity thresholds. An 8:1:1 split at the active region level is adopted to prevent temporal leakage between partitions. PNG branches are released at six magnetic saturation thresholds, and internal Transformer experiments on $\geq$C1.0 forecasting suggest $B_{\mathrm{th}}=1000$~G as a preliminary default, although the optimal saturation is model and task dependent. The open source construction pipeline is available at https://github.com/Xiaoxuan-1/JW-FD.
