Luisa Paoluzzi, Joan Porti
We show that there are Montesinos knots with $n+1\geq 4$ tangles whose character varieties contain arbitrarily many irreducible components of dimension $d$ for any $1\le d\le n-2$. Moreover, these irreducible components can be chosen so that the trace of the meridian is non-constant.
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Exceptional Dehn surgeries have been classified for 2-bridge knots and Montesinos knots of length at least 4. In this paper we classify all toroidal Dehn surgeries on Montesinos knots of length 3.
We show that if a Montesinos knot admits a Dehn surgery yielding a toroidal Seifert fibered 3-manifold, then the knot is the trefoil knot and the surgery slope is 0.
Using Hirasawa-Murasugi's classification of fibered Montesinos knots we classify the L-space Montesinos knots, providing further evidence towards a conjecture of Lidman-Moore that L-space knots have no essential Conway spheres. In the process, we classify the fibered Montesinos knots whose open books support the tight contact structure on $S^3$. We also construct L-space knots with arbitrarily large tunnel number and discuss the question of whether L-space knots admit essential tangle decompositions in the context of satellite operations and tunnel number.
We establish the slice-ribbon conjecture for a large family of Montesinos' knots by means of Donaldson's theorem on the intersection forms of definite 4-manifolds.
It is shown that there exist alternating non-Montesinos knots whose essential spanning surfaces with maximal and minimal boundary slopes are not realised by the checkerboard surfaces coming from a reduced alternating planar diagram.
We will use immersed surfaces to study Seifert fibered surgery on Montesinos knots, and show that if $\frac 1{q_1-1} + \frac 1{q_2-1} + \frac 1{q_3-1} \leq 1$ then a Montesinos knot $K(\frac{p_1}{q_1}, \frac{p_2}{q_2}, \frac{p_3}{q_3})$ admits no atoroidal Seifert fibered surgery.
The (Strong) Slope Conjecture relates the degree of the colored Jones polynomial of a knot to certain essential surfaces in the knot complement. We verify the Slope Conjecture and the Strong Slope Conjecture for 3-string Montesinos knots satisfying certain conditions.
We show that a finite numerical boundary slope of an essential surface in the exterior of a Montesinos knot is bounded above and below in terms of the numbers of positive/negative crossings of a specific minimal diagram of the knot.
Montesinos Knots with Delta-Unknotting Number One
本文研究$\Delta$-解结数为一的Montesinos纽结，提出其猜想性刻画，并给出不同$\Delta$-移动将纽结变为平凡纽结的实例。
Conjecture $\mathbb{Z}$ is a knot theoretical equivalent form of the Kervaire Conjecture. We say that a knot have property $\mathbb{Z}$ if it satisfies Conjecture $\mathbb{Z}$ for that specific knot. In this work, we show that alternating Montesinos knots with three tangles have property $\mathbb{Z}$. We also show that all the pretzel knots of the form $P(p,q,r)$ (not necessarily alternating) have property $\mathbb{Z}$.
This note corrects errors in Hatcher and Oertel's table of boundary slopes of Montesinos knots which have projections with 10 or fewer crossings.
We calculate the twisted Alexander polynomials of all tunnel number one Montesinos knots associated to their $SL_2(\mathbb{C})$-representations and obtain their leading coefficients and degrees. As a corollary, we get some interesting examples, that is, nonfibered knots with monic Alexander polynomials which have non-monic twisted Alexander polynomials.
In this paper, two lower bounds on the diameters of the boundary slope sets are given for Montesinos knots. One is described in terms of the minimal crossing numbers of the knots, and the other is related to the Euler characteristics of essential surfaces with the maximal/minimal boundary slopes.
It is shown that the diameter of the boundary slope set is bounded from above by the twice of the minimal crossing number for a Montesinos knot.
For the alternating knots or links, mutations do not change the arc index. In the case of nonalternating knots, some semi-alternating knots or links have this property. We mainly focus on the problem of mutation invariance of the arc index for nonalternating knots which are not semi-alternating. In this paper, we found families of infinitely many mutant pairs/triples of Montesinos knots with the same arc index.
The Slope Conjecture relates the degree of the colored Jones polynomial to the boundary slopes of a knot. We verify the Slope Conjecture and the Strong Slope Conjecture for Montesinos knots $M(\frac{1}{r},\frac{1}{s-\frac{1}{u}},\frac{1}{t} )$ with $r,u,t$ odd, $s$ even and $u\leq-1$, $r<-1<1<s,t$.
We give (1) an upper bound on the denominators of numerical boundary slopes and (2) an upper bound on the differences between two numerical boundary slopes, for Montesinos knot exteriors.
The Slope Conjecture relates the degree of the colored Jones polynomial of a knot to boundary slopes of incompressible surfaces. Our aim is to prove the Slope Conjecture for Montesinos knots, and to match parameters of a state-formula for the colored Jones polynomial of such knots with the parameters that describe their corresponding incompressible surfaces via the Hatcher-Oertel algorithm.
We give a complete classification of the Dehn surgeries on Montesinos knots which yield manifolds with cyclic or finite fundamental groups.
Large alternating Montesinos knots do not admit purely cosmetic surgeries
本文通过分析扭转数和长度的下界条件，证明大型交错 Montesinos 纽结以及若干相关纽结族不容许纯装饰 Dehn 手术，从而为 3-球面中非平凡纽结的纯装饰手术猜想提供了新的支持证据。
Exceptional Dehn surgeries on arborescent knots have been classified except for Seifert fibered surgeries on Montesinos knots of length 3. There are infinitely many of them as it is known that 4n+6 and 4n+7 surgeries on a (-2, 3, 2n+1) pretzel knot are Seifert fibered. It will be shown that there are only finitely many others. A list of 20 surgeries will be given and proved to be Seifert fibered. We conjecture that this is a complete list.
Using Gauge theoretical techniques employed by Lisca for 2-bridge knots and by Greene-Jabuka for 3-stranded pretzel knots, we show that no member of the family of Montesinos knots M(0;[m_1+1,n_1+2],[m_2+1,n_2+2],q), with certain restrictions on m_i, n_i, and q, can be (smoothly) slice. Our techniques use Donaldson's diagonalization theorem and the fact that the 2-fold covers of Montisinos knots bound plumbing 4-manifolds, many of which are negative definite. Some of our examples include knots with signature 0 and square determinant.
In the complement of a hyperbolic Montesinos knot with 4 rational tangles, we investigate the number of closed, connected, essential, orientable surfaces of a fixed genus $g$, up to isotopy. We show that there are exactly 12 genus 2 surfaces and $8ϕ(g - 1)$ surfaces of genus greater than 2, where $ϕ(g - 1)$ is the Euler totient function of $g - 1$. Observe that this count is independent of the number of crossings of the knot. Moreover, this class of knots form an infinite class of hyperbolic 3-manifolds and the result applies to all such knot complements.
Delta-Unknotting Number for Montesinos Knots
本文确定了特定 Montesinos 纽结族的 Delta-解纽数，证明其等于 Conway 多项式第二系数的绝对值，涵盖所有正 pretzel 纽结及部分双桥纽结。
Recently Iltgen, Lewark and Marino introduced the concept of a proper rational tangle replacement and the corresponding notion of the proper rational unknotting number. In this note we derive a version of the Montesinos trick for proper rational tangle replacement and use it to study knots with proper rational unknotting number one. We prove that knots with proper rational unknotting number one are prime and classify the alternating knots with proper rational unknotting number one. We also study Montesinos knots with proper rational unknotting number one.
The aim of this article is to detect new classes of quasi-alternating links. Quasi-alternating links are a natural generalization of alternating links. Their knot Floer and Khovanov homology are particularly easy to compute. Since knot Floer homology detects the genus of a knot as well as whether a knot is fibered, as provided bounds on unknotting number and slice genus, characterization of quasi-alternating links becomes an interesting open problem. We show that there exist classes of non-alternating Montesinos links, which are quasi-alternating.
For each Montesinos knot $K$, we propose an efficient method to explicitly determine the irreducible ${\rm SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$-character variety, and show that it can be decomposed as $\mathcal{X}_0(K)\sqcup\mathcal{X}_1(K)\sqcup\mathcal{X}_2(K)\sqcup\mathcal{X}'(K)$, where $\mathcal{X}_0(K)$ consists of trace-free characters, $\mathcal{X}_1(K)$ consists of characters of "unions" of representations of rational knots (or rational link, which appears at most once), $\mathcal{X}_2(K)$ is an algebraic curve, and $\mathcal{X}'(K)$ consists of finitely many points when $K$ satisfies a generic conditi…
The Kauffman-Harary conjecture states that for any reduced alternating diagram K of a knot with a prime determinant p, every non-trivial Fox p-coloring of K assigns different colors to its arcs. We generalize the conjecture by stating it in terms of homology of the double cover of S^3 branched along a link. In this way we extend the scope of the conjecture to all prime alternating links of arbitrary determinants. We first prove the Kauffman-Harary conjecture for pretzel knots and then we generalize our argument to show the generalized Kauffman-Harary conjecture for all Montesinos links. Finall…
Torsion in Kauffman bracket skein module of a $4$-strand Montesinos knot exterior
该研究证明了4股蒙特西诺斯结外皮的卡夫曼括号 skein 模存在torsion，回答了Kirby列表中的一个疑问。
A ravel is a spatial graph which is non-planar but contains no non-trivial knots or links. We characterize when a Montesinos tangle can become a ravel as the result of vertex closure with and without replacing some number of crossings by vertices.
Tomova, along with results of Bachman and Schleimer, showed that any high distance knot has a stair-step bridge spectrum. In this paper, we compute the bridge spectra and distance of generalized Montesinos knots. In particular, we produce the first example of a class of knots which attain the stair-step bridge spectra but are not high distance, by computing the bridge spectra of certain pretzel knots and Montesinos knots.
C. Giller proposed an invariant of ribbon 2-knots in S^4 based on a type of skein relation for a projection to R^3. In certain cases, this invariant is equal to the Alexander polynomial for the 2-knot. Giller's invariant is, however, a symmetric polynomial -- which the Alexander polynomial of a 2-knot need not be. After modifying a 2-knot into a Montesinos twin in a natural way, we show that Giller's invariant is related to the Seiberg-Witten invariant of the exterior of the twin, glued to the complement of a fiber in E(2).
In this paper we are interested in BB knots, namely knots and links where the bridge index equals the braid index. Supported by observations from experiments, it is conjectured that BB knots possess a special geometric/physical property (and might even be characterized by it): if the knot is realized by a (closed) springy metal wire, then the equilibrium state of the wire is in an almost planar configuration of multiple (overlapping) circles. In this paper we provide a heuristic explanation to the conjecture and explore the plausibility of the conjecture numerically. We also identify BB knots …
Quasi-alternating surgeries on asymmetric L-space knots in the census
本文针对SnapPy普查中的9个非对称L-空间纽结，借助Montesinos技巧验证了此前通过计算机得到的每个纽结恰有两种拟交错手术的结论。
Profinite rigidity for two-bridge links and 3-tangle Montesinos links
本文证明了二桥链接和3-结蒙特斯林链接的补集基本群在紧致定向3流形的基本群中是profinite刚性的。
We give a new criterion for a given knot to be a Montesinos knot by using the Rasmussen invariant and the signature. We apply the criterion to study Seifert fibered surgery on a strongly invertible knot, and show that a $(p,q,q)$-pretzel knot with integers $p,q \ge 2$ admits no Seifert fibered surgery.
We construct an infinite family of quasi-alternating links from a given quasi-alternating link by replacing a crossing by a product of rational tangles each of which extends that crossing. Consequently, we determine an infinite family of quasi-alternating Montesinos links. This family contains all the classes of quasi-alternating Montesinos links that have been detected by Widmar in \cite{W}. We conjecture that this family contains all quasi-alternating Montesinos links up to mirror image that are not alternating and this will characterize all quasi-alternating Montesinos links.
In this paper, we study on knots and closed incompressible surfaces in the 3-sphere via Morse functions. We show that both of knots and closed incompressible surfaces can be isotoped into a "related Morse position" simultaneously. As an application, we have following results. *Smallness of Montesinos tangles with length two and Kinoshita's theta curve *Classification of closed incompressible and meridionally incompressible surfaces in 2-bridge theta-curve and handcuff graph complements and the complements of links which admit Hopf tangle decompositions.
High-dimensional components of ${\rm SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$-character varieties of prime knots
本文研究了素结的SL(2,C)-特征空间的高维成分，改进了Montesinos结的相关结果，并回答了Culler和Dunfield的问题。
Using an involved study of the Jones polynomial, we determine, as our main result, the crossing numbers of (prime) amphicheiral knots. As further applications, we show that several classes of links, including semiadequate links and Whitehead doubles of semiadequate knots, have non-trivial Jones polynomial. We also prove that there are infinitely many positive knots with no positive minimal crossing diagrams. Some relations to the twist number of a link, Mahler measure and the hyperbolic volume are given, for example explicit upper bounds on the volume for Montesinos and 3-braid links in terms …
Neuwirth asked if any non-trivial knot in the 3-sphere can be embedded in a closed surface so that the complement of the surface is a connected essential surface for the knot complement. In this paper, we examine some variations on this question and prove it for all knots up to 11 crossings except for two examples. We also establish the conjecture for all Montesinos knots and for all generalized arborescently alternating knots. For knot exteriors containing closed incompressible surfaces satisfying a simple homological condition, we establish that the knots satisfy the Neuwirth conjecture. If …
The singular instanton Floer homology was defined by Kronheimer and Mrowka in connection with their proof that the Khovanov homology is an unknot detector. We study this theory for knots and two-component links using equivariant gauge theory on their double branched covers. We show that the special generator in the singular instanton Floer homology of a knot is graded by the knot signature mod 4, thereby providing a purely topological way of fixing the absolute grading in the theory. Our approach also results in explicit computations of the generators and gradings of the singular instanton Flo…
Let $C(2n, 3)$ be the family of two bridge knots of slope $(4n+1)/(6n+1)$. We calculate the volumes of the $C(2n, 3)$ cone-manifolds using the Schläfli formula. We present the concrete and explicit formula of them. We apply the general instructions of Hilden, Lozano, and Montesinos-Amilibia and extend the Ham, Mednykh, and Petrov's methods. As an application, we give the volumes of the cyclic coverings over those knots. For the fundamental group of $C( 2n, 3)$, we take and tailor Hoste and Shanahan's. As a byproduct, we give an affirmative answer for their question whether their presentation i…
We define sink marks for branched complexes and find conditions for them to determine a branched surface structure. These will be used to construct branched surfaces in knot and tangle complements. We will extend Delman's theorem and prove that a Montesinos knot $K$ of length at least 3 has a persistently laminar branched surface unless it is equivalent to $K(1/2q_1,\, 1/q_2,\, 1/q_3,\, -1)$ for some positive integers $q_i$. In most cases these branched surfaces are genuine, in which case $K$ admits no atoroidal Seifert fibered surgery. It will also be shown that there are many persistently la…
More Exotic $\mathbb{RP}^2$-knots and Homotopy Spheres
本文通过用无限族 Montesinos 纽结替代 pretzel 纽结作为输入，扩展了 Miyazawa 的奇异嵌入族，并证明相应 roll-spun 纽结的分支双覆盖为同伦球面，从而构造出更大的同伦球面与同伦复射影平面族。
Taut foliations from knot diagrams
证明满足特定图性质的纽结是持续叶状的，从而所有非平凡手术支持余定向紧切叶理；适用于双桥纽结、pretzel和Montesinos纽结等，并推广到链接。
A preorder on the set of links with applications to symmetric unions
本文定义了链接的π- orbifold群，并探讨了链接之间的偏序关系，证明了特定条件下链接的结构特性，并应用该理论分析了对称联结的性质。
Integrase proteins acting on circular double-stranded DNA often change its topology by transforming unknotted circles into torus knots and links. Two systems of tangle equations--corresponding to the two initial DNA sequences--arise when modelling this transformation: direct and inverted. With no a priori assumptions on the constituent tangles, we utilize Dehn surgery arguments to completely classify the tangle solutions for each of the two systems. A key step is to combine work of our previous paper with recent results of Kronheimer, Mrowka, Ozsvath and Szabo, and Ernst to show a certain prim…
We study character varieties of symmetric knots and their reductions mod p. We observe that the varieties present a different behaviour according to whether the knots admit a free or periodic symmetry.
Non-integer characterizing slopes and knot Floer homology
针对3-球面纽结仅有有限非整数非特征斜率的猜想，验证了满足纽结Floer同调简单性条件的纽结（含交错、L-空间等类）的该性质，并证明任意纽结几乎所有|q|≥3的斜率为特征斜率，L-空间类纽结有无限整数特征斜率。
Trace-free characters and abelian knot contact homology II
本文证明了(4,5)-和(5,6)-扭转结具有鬼特征，从而推翻了Ng关于结接触同调与特征环同构的猜想。
For a fibered knot in the 3-sphere the twisted Alexander polynomial associated to an SL(2,C)-character is known to be monic. It is conjectured that for a nonfibered knot there is a curve component of the SL(2,C)-character variety containing only finitely many characters whose twisted Alexander polynomials are monic, i.e. finiteness of such characters detects fiberedness of knots. In this paper we discuss the existence of a certain curve component which relates to the conjecture when knots have nonmonic Alexander polynomials. We also discuss the similar problem of detecting the knot genus.
For a knot $K,$ a slope $r$ is said to be characterizing if for no other knot $J$ does $r$-framed surgery along $J$ yield the same manifold as $r$-framed surgery on $K.$ Applying a condition of Baker and Motegi, we show that the knots $T_{2,2n+3}\#T_{-2,2n+1}$ have infinitely many non-characterizing slopes.
A non-trivial slope $r$ on a knot $K$ in $S^3$ is called a characterizing slope if whenever the result of $r$-surgery on a knot $K'$ is orientation preservingly homeomorphic to the result of $r$-surgery on $K$, then $K'$ is isotopic to $K$. Ni and Zhang ask: for any hyperbolic knot $K$, is a slope $r = p/q$ with $|p| + |q|$ sufficiently large a characterizing slope? In this article we answer this question in the negative by demonstrating that there is a hyperbolic knot $K$ in $S^3$ which has infinitely many non-characterizing slopes. As the simplest known example, the hyperbolic knot $8_6$ has…
We study the twisted Alexander polynomial from the viewpoint of the SL(2,C)-character variety of nonabelian representations of a knot group. It is known that if a knot is fibered, then the twisted Alexander polynomials associated with nonabelian SL(2,C)-representations are all monic. In this paper, we show that the converse holds for 2-bridge knots. Furthermore we show that for a 2-bridge knot there exists a curve component in the SL(2,C)-character variety such that if the knot is not fibered then there are only finitely many characters in the component for which the associated twisted Alexand…
Knots with large character varieties
本文提出两种图示构造方法，用于生成具有大特征方程维度的结，并探讨了非定向3流形特征方程维度的下界。
Farey recursion and the character varieties for 2-bridge knots
本文通过Farey递归定义多项式，研究了2-桥结和链环的特征空间结构。
Quantitative finiteness of monic characters of knots
本文针对纽结的 $SL(2, \mathbb{C})$ 特征簇，证明了具有单值化扭曲 Alexander 多项式的特征数量有限，并给出了以纽结群表示和交叉数为参数的显式上界。
The ${\rm SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$-character variety of an arborescent knot
本文给出计算树状结的 ${\rm SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$-特征簇的方法，澄清树状缠结表示的性质，并证明一族双曲结的特征簇维数为1，正面回答了Boyer与Zhang在1998年提出的问题。
A slope $p/q$ is a characterizing slope for a knot $K$ in $S^3$ if the oriented homeomorphism type of $p/q$-surgery on $K$ determines $K$ uniquely. We show that for each torus knot its set of characterizing slopes contains all but finitely many non-integer slopes. This generalizes work of Ni and Zhang who established such a result for $T_{5,2}$. Along the way we show that if two knots $K$ and $K'$ in $S^3$ have homeomorphic $p/q$-surgeries, then for $q\geq 3$ and $p$ sufficiently large we can conclude that $K$ and $K'$ have the same genera and Alexander polynomials. This is achieved by conside…
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