Kazuhiro Ichihara, Shigeru Mizushima
It is shown that the diameter of the boundary slope set is bounded from above by the twice of the minimal crossing number for a Montesinos knot.
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Exceptional Dehn surgeries have been classified for 2-bridge knots and Montesinos knots of length at least 4. In this paper we classify all toroidal Dehn surgeries on Montesinos knots of length 3.
We show that if a Montesinos knot admits a Dehn surgery yielding a toroidal Seifert fibered 3-manifold, then the knot is the trefoil knot and the surgery slope is 0.
Using Hirasawa-Murasugi's classification of fibered Montesinos knots we classify the L-space Montesinos knots, providing further evidence towards a conjecture of Lidman-Moore that L-space knots have no essential Conway spheres. In the process, we classify the fibered Montesinos knots whose open books support the tight contact structure on $S^3$. We also construct L-space knots with arbitrarily large tunnel number and discuss the question of whether L-space knots admit essential tangle decompositions in the context of satellite operations and tunnel number.
We establish the slice-ribbon conjecture for a large family of Montesinos' knots by means of Donaldson's theorem on the intersection forms of definite 4-manifolds.
It is shown that there exist alternating non-Montesinos knots whose essential spanning surfaces with maximal and minimal boundary slopes are not realised by the checkerboard surfaces coming from a reduced alternating planar diagram.
We will use immersed surfaces to study Seifert fibered surgery on Montesinos knots, and show that if $\frac 1{q_1-1} + \frac 1{q_2-1} + \frac 1{q_3-1} \leq 1$ then a Montesinos knot $K(\frac{p_1}{q_1}, \frac{p_2}{q_2}, \frac{p_3}{q_3})$ admits no atoroidal Seifert fibered surgery.
The (Strong) Slope Conjecture relates the degree of the colored Jones polynomial of a knot to certain essential surfaces in the knot complement. We verify the Slope Conjecture and the Strong Slope Conjecture for 3-string Montesinos knots satisfying certain conditions.
We show that a finite numerical boundary slope of an essential surface in the exterior of a Montesinos knot is bounded above and below in terms of the numbers of positive/negative crossings of a specific minimal diagram of the knot.
Montesinos Knots with Delta-Unknotting Number One
本文研究$\Delta$-解结数为一的Montesinos纽结，提出其猜想性刻画，并给出不同$\Delta$-移动将纽结变为平凡纽结的实例。
Conjecture $\mathbb{Z}$ is a knot theoretical equivalent form of the Kervaire Conjecture. We say that a knot have property $\mathbb{Z}$ if it satisfies Conjecture $\mathbb{Z}$ for that specific knot. In this work, we show that alternating Montesinos knots with three tangles have property $\mathbb{Z}$. We also show that all the pretzel knots of the form $P(p,q,r)$ (not necessarily alternating) have property $\mathbb{Z}$.
This note corrects errors in Hatcher and Oertel's table of boundary slopes of Montesinos knots which have projections with 10 or fewer crossings.
We calculate the twisted Alexander polynomials of all tunnel number one Montesinos knots associated to their $SL_2(\mathbb{C})$-representations and obtain their leading coefficients and degrees. As a corollary, we get some interesting examples, that is, nonfibered knots with monic Alexander polynomials which have non-monic twisted Alexander polynomials.
In this paper, two lower bounds on the diameters of the boundary slope sets are given for Montesinos knots. One is described in terms of the minimal crossing numbers of the knots, and the other is related to the Euler characteristics of essential surfaces with the maximal/minimal boundary slopes.
For the alternating knots or links, mutations do not change the arc index. In the case of nonalternating knots, some semi-alternating knots or links have this property. We mainly focus on the problem of mutation invariance of the arc index for nonalternating knots which are not semi-alternating. In this paper, we found families of infinitely many mutant pairs/triples of Montesinos knots with the same arc index.
The Slope Conjecture relates the degree of the colored Jones polynomial to the boundary slopes of a knot. We verify the Slope Conjecture and the Strong Slope Conjecture for Montesinos knots $M(\frac{1}{r},\frac{1}{s-\frac{1}{u}},\frac{1}{t} )$ with $r,u,t$ odd, $s$ even and $u\leq-1$, $r<-1<1<s,t$.
We give (1) an upper bound on the denominators of numerical boundary slopes and (2) an upper bound on the differences between two numerical boundary slopes, for Montesinos knot exteriors.
The Slope Conjecture relates the degree of the colored Jones polynomial of a knot to boundary slopes of incompressible surfaces. Our aim is to prove the Slope Conjecture for Montesinos knots, and to match parameters of a state-formula for the colored Jones polynomial of such knots with the parameters that describe their corresponding incompressible surfaces via the Hatcher-Oertel algorithm.
We show that there are Montesinos knots with $n+1\geq 4$ tangles whose character varieties contain arbitrarily many irreducible components of dimension $d$ for any $1\le d\le n-2$. Moreover, these irreducible components can be chosen so that the trace of the meridian is non-constant.
We give a complete classification of the Dehn surgeries on Montesinos knots which yield manifolds with cyclic or finite fundamental groups.
Large alternating Montesinos knots do not admit purely cosmetic surgeries
本文通过分析扭转数和长度的下界条件，证明大型交错 Montesinos 纽结以及若干相关纽结族不容许纯装饰 Dehn 手术，从而为 3-球面中非平凡纽结的纯装饰手术猜想提供了新的支持证据。
Exceptional Dehn surgeries on arborescent knots have been classified except for Seifert fibered surgeries on Montesinos knots of length 3. There are infinitely many of them as it is known that 4n+6 and 4n+7 surgeries on a (-2, 3, 2n+1) pretzel knot are Seifert fibered. It will be shown that there are only finitely many others. A list of 20 surgeries will be given and proved to be Seifert fibered. We conjecture that this is a complete list.
Using Gauge theoretical techniques employed by Lisca for 2-bridge knots and by Greene-Jabuka for 3-stranded pretzel knots, we show that no member of the family of Montesinos knots M(0;[m_1+1,n_1+2],[m_2+1,n_2+2],q), with certain restrictions on m_i, n_i, and q, can be (smoothly) slice. Our techniques use Donaldson's diagonalization theorem and the fact that the 2-fold covers of Montisinos knots bound plumbing 4-manifolds, many of which are negative definite. Some of our examples include knots with signature 0 and square determinant.
In the complement of a hyperbolic Montesinos knot with 4 rational tangles, we investigate the number of closed, connected, essential, orientable surfaces of a fixed genus $g$, up to isotopy. We show that there are exactly 12 genus 2 surfaces and $8ϕ(g - 1)$ surfaces of genus greater than 2, where $ϕ(g - 1)$ is the Euler totient function of $g - 1$. Observe that this count is independent of the number of crossings of the knot. Moreover, this class of knots form an infinite class of hyperbolic 3-manifolds and the result applies to all such knot complements.
Delta-Unknotting Number for Montesinos Knots
本文确定了特定 Montesinos 纽结族的 Delta-解纽数，证明其等于 Conway 多项式第二系数的绝对值，涵盖所有正 pretzel 纽结及部分双桥纽结。
Recently Iltgen, Lewark and Marino introduced the concept of a proper rational tangle replacement and the corresponding notion of the proper rational unknotting number. In this note we derive a version of the Montesinos trick for proper rational tangle replacement and use it to study knots with proper rational unknotting number one. We prove that knots with proper rational unknotting number one are prime and classify the alternating knots with proper rational unknotting number one. We also study Montesinos knots with proper rational unknotting number one.
The aim of this article is to detect new classes of quasi-alternating links. Quasi-alternating links are a natural generalization of alternating links. Their knot Floer and Khovanov homology are particularly easy to compute. Since knot Floer homology detects the genus of a knot as well as whether a knot is fibered, as provided bounds on unknotting number and slice genus, characterization of quasi-alternating links becomes an interesting open problem. We show that there exist classes of non-alternating Montesinos links, which are quasi-alternating.
For each Montesinos knot $K$, we propose an efficient method to explicitly determine the irreducible ${\rm SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$-character variety, and show that it can be decomposed as $\mathcal{X}_0(K)\sqcup\mathcal{X}_1(K)\sqcup\mathcal{X}_2(K)\sqcup\mathcal{X}'(K)$, where $\mathcal{X}_0(K)$ consists of trace-free characters, $\mathcal{X}_1(K)$ consists of characters of "unions" of representations of rational knots (or rational link, which appears at most once), $\mathcal{X}_2(K)$ is an algebraic curve, and $\mathcal{X}'(K)$ consists of finitely many points when $K$ satisfies a generic conditi…
The Kauffman-Harary conjecture states that for any reduced alternating diagram K of a knot with a prime determinant p, every non-trivial Fox p-coloring of K assigns different colors to its arcs. We generalize the conjecture by stating it in terms of homology of the double cover of S^3 branched along a link. In this way we extend the scope of the conjecture to all prime alternating links of arbitrary determinants. We first prove the Kauffman-Harary conjecture for pretzel knots and then we generalize our argument to show the generalized Kauffman-Harary conjecture for all Montesinos links. Finall…
Torsion in Kauffman bracket skein module of a $4$-strand Montesinos knot exterior
该研究证明了4股蒙特西诺斯结外皮的卡夫曼括号 skein 模存在torsion，回答了Kirby列表中的一个疑问。
Tomova, along with results of Bachman and Schleimer, showed that any high distance knot has a stair-step bridge spectrum. In this paper, we compute the bridge spectra and distance of generalized Montesinos knots. In particular, we produce the first example of a class of knots which attain the stair-step bridge spectra but are not high distance, by computing the bridge spectra of certain pretzel knots and Montesinos knots.
C. Giller proposed an invariant of ribbon 2-knots in S^4 based on a type of skein relation for a projection to R^3. In certain cases, this invariant is equal to the Alexander polynomial for the 2-knot. Giller's invariant is, however, a symmetric polynomial -- which the Alexander polynomial of a 2-knot need not be. After modifying a 2-knot into a Montesinos twin in a natural way, we show that Giller's invariant is related to the Seiberg-Witten invariant of the exterior of the twin, glued to the complement of a fiber in E(2).
This paper gives a complete classification of all alternating knots with tunnel number one, and all their unknotting tunnels. We prove that the only such knots are two-bridge knots and certain Montesinos knots.
Suppose $K$ is a hyperbolic knot in a solid torus $V$ intersecting a meridian disk $D$ twice. We will show that if $K$ is not the Whitehead knot and the frontier of a regular neighborhood of $K \cup D$ is incompressible in the knot exterior, then $K$ admits at most one exceptional surgery, which must be toroidal. Embedding $V$ in $S^3$ gives infinitely many knots $K_n$ with a slope $r_n$ corresponding to a slope $r$ of $K$ in $V$. If $r$ surgery on $K$ in $V$ is toroidal then either all but at most three $K_n(r_n)$ are toroidal, or they are all reducible or small Seifert fibered with two commo…
In this paper we are interested in BB knots, namely knots and links where the bridge index equals the braid index. Supported by observations from experiments, it is conjectured that BB knots possess a special geometric/physical property (and might even be characterized by it): if the knot is realized by a (closed) springy metal wire, then the equilibrium state of the wire is in an almost planar configuration of multiple (overlapping) circles. In this paper we provide a heuristic explanation to the conjecture and explore the plausibility of the conjecture numerically. We also identify BB knots …
We give the bridge indices for 11-crossing prime knots and give a minimal bridge projection for each of these knots. The results on the indices may be easily summarized: all of these knots that are not rational knots or Montesinos knots have bridge index three.
The crosscap number of a knot in the 3-sphere is defined as the minimal first Betti number of non-orientable subsurfaces bounded by the knot. In this paper, we determine the crosscap numbers of pretzel knots. The key ingredient to obtain the result is the algorithm of enumerating all essential surfaces for Montesinos knots developed by Hatcher and Oertel.
Using exhaustive techniques and results from Lackenby and many others, we compute the tunnel number of all 1655 alternating 11 and 12 crossing knots and of 881 non-alternating 11 and 12 crossing knots. We also find all 5525 Montesinos knots with 14 crossings or fewer.
Using the Hatcher-Oertel algorithm for finding boundary slopes of Montesinos knots, we prove the Slope Conjecture and the Strong Slope Conjecture for a family of 3-tangle pretzel knots. More precisely, we prove that the maximal degrees of the colored Jones polynomial of such knots determine a boundary slope as predicted by the Slope Conjecture, and that the linear term in the degrees correspond to the Euler characteristic of an essential surface.
We give a new criterion for a given knot to be a Montesinos knot by using the Rasmussen invariant and the signature. We apply the criterion to study Seifert fibered surgery on a strongly invertible knot, and show that a $(p,q,q)$-pretzel knot with integers $p,q \ge 2$ admits no Seifert fibered surgery.
We show for an alternating knot the minimal boundary slope of an essential spanning surface is given by the signature plus twice the minimum degree of the Jones polynomial and the maximal boundary slope of an essential spanning surface is given by the signature plus twice the maximum degree of the Jones polynomial. For alternating Montesinos knots, these are the minimal and maximal boundary slopes.
The Montesinos-Nakanishi 3-move conjecture for links up to 20 crossings
本文证明了交叉数不超过19（及除六个例外外的20交叉）链环满足Montesinos-Nakanishi 3-移动猜想，并完全分类了交叉数不超过20的链环，使用了包括Regina新代码在内的计算方法。
Using an involved study of the Jones polynomial, we determine, as our main result, the crossing numbers of (prime) amphicheiral knots. As further applications, we show that several classes of links, including semiadequate links and Whitehead doubles of semiadequate knots, have non-trivial Jones polynomial. We also prove that there are infinitely many positive knots with no positive minimal crossing diagrams. Some relations to the twist number of a link, Mahler measure and the hyperbolic volume are given, for example explicit upper bounds on the volume for Montesinos and 3-braid links in terms …
We show that every nonzero integer occurs in the denominator of a boundary slope for infinitely many (1,1)-knots and that infinitely many (1,1)-knots have boundary slopes of arbitrarily small difference. Specifically, we prove that for any integers m, n > 1 with n odd the exterior of the Montesinos knot K(-1/2, m/(2m \pm 1), 1/n) in S^3 contains an essential surface with boundary slope r = 2(n-1)^2/n if m is even and 2(n+1)^2/n if m is odd. If n > 4m, we prove that K(-1/2, m/(2m+1), 1/n) also has a boundary slope whose difference with r is (8m-2)/(n^2-4mn+n), which decreases to 0 as n increase…
We use Heegaard Floer homology to obtain bounds on unknotting numbers. This is a generalisation of Ozsvath and Szabo's obstruction to unknotting number one. We determine the unknotting numbers of 9_10, 9_13, 9_35, 9_38, 10_53, 10_101 and 10_120; this completes the table of unknotting numbers for prime knots with crossing number nine or less. Our obstruction uses a refined version of Montesinos' theorem which gives a Dehn surgery description of the branched double cover of a knot.
We show that, for an alternating knot, the ratio of the diameter of the set of boundary slopes to the crossing number can be arbitrarily large.
We prove that if an alternating knot has unknotting number one, then there exists an unknotting crossing in any alternating diagram. This is done by showing that the obstruction to unknotting number one developed by Greene in his work on alternating 3-braid knots is sufficient to identify all unknotting number one alternating knots. As a consequence, we also get a converse to the Montesinos trick: an alternating knot has unknotting number one if its branched double cover arises as half-integer surgery on a knot in $S^3$. We also reprove a characterisation of almost-alternating diagrams of the …
We prove that for 2-bridge knots, the diameter, D, of the set of boundary slopes is twice the crossing number, c. This constitutes partial verification of a conjecture that, for all knots in S^3, D is at most 2c.
A knot $κ$ in $S^3$ is persistently foliar if, for each non-trivial boundary slope, there is a co-oriented taut foliation meeting the boundary of the knot complement transversely in a foliation by curves of that slope. For rational slopes, these foliations may be capped off by disks to obtain a co-oriented taut foliation in every manifold obtained by non-trivial Dehn surgery on that knot. We show that any composite knot with a persistently foliar summand is persistently foliar and that any nontrivial connected sum of fibered knots is persistently foliar. As an application, it follows that any …
It has long been known that the quadratic term in the degree of the colored Jones polynomial of a knot is bounded above in terms of the crossing number of the knot. We show that this bound is sharp if and only if the knot is adequate. As an application of our result we determine the crossing numbers of broad families of non-adequate prime satellite knots. More specifically, we exhibit minimal crossing number diagrams for untwisted Whitehead doubles of zero-writhe adequate knots. This allows us to determine the crossing number of untwisted Whitehead doubles of any amphicheiral adequate knot, in…
A Linear Bound on the Diameter of the Kakimizu Complex for Hyperbolic Knots
本文通过研究超薄结的Kakimizu复形，证明其直径随曲面 genus 线性增长，并给出上界为$6g-4$。
Let K be a tame knot with irreducible exterior M(K) in a closed, connected, orientable 3--manifold Sigma such that pi_1(Sigma) is cyclic. If infinity is not a strict boundary slope, then the diameter of the set of strict boundary slopes of K, denoted d_K, is a numerical invariant of K. We show that either (i) d_K >= 2 or (ii) K is a generalized iterated torus knot. The proof combines results from Culler and Shalen [Comment. Math. Helv. 74 (1999) 530-547] with a result about the effect of cabling on boundary slopes.
A preorder on the set of links with applications to symmetric unions
本文定义了链接的π- orbifold群，并探讨了链接之间的偏序关系，证明了特定条件下链接的结构特性，并应用该理论分析了对称联结的性质。
The work of Jørgensen and Thurston shows that there is a finite number N(v) of orientable hyperbolic 3-manifolds with any given volume v. In this paper, we construct examples showing that the number of hyperbolic knot complements with a given volume v can grow at least factorially fast with v. A similar statement holds for closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds, obtained via Dehn surgery. Furthermore, we give explicit estimates for lower bounds of N(v) in terms of v for these examples. These results improve upon the work of Hodgson and Masai, which describes examples that grow exponentially fast with v…
Untwisting information from Heegaard Floer homology
本文研究解结数的推广——解扭数，证明Montesinos技巧不能用于阻碍低解扭数，但通过Heegaard Floer校正项给出解扭数为1的条件，并利用tau和s不变量区分不同p-解扭数。
Degeneracy slopes, boundary slopes and exceptional surgery slopes
本文研究了3流形中退化斜率、边界斜率和例外手术斜率的上界，通过三个应用展示了对素交替结和超曲面的贡献。
Concerning the set of exceptional surgery slopes for a hyperbolic knot, Lackenby and Meyerhoff proved that the maximal cardinality is 10 and the maximal diameter is 8. Their proof is computer-aided in part, and both bounds are achieved simultaneously. In this note, it is observed that the diameter bound 8 implies the maximal cardinality bound 10 for exceptional surgery slope sets. This follows from the next known fact: For a hyperbolic knot, there exists a slope on the peripheral torus such that all exceptional surgery slopes have distance at most two from the slope. We also show that, in gene…
Ropelength-Filtered Knot Densities
研究无约束和绳长-窗口化的p-密度，揭示其退化现象，并通过约束条件改进理论，探讨其单调性和存在性。
Let X be a norm curve in the SL(2,C)-character variety of a knot exterior M. Let t = || b || / || a || be the ratio of the Culler-Shalen norms of two distinct non-zero classes a, b in H_1(\partial M, Z). We demonstrate that either X has exactly two associated strict boundary slopes \pm t, or else there are strict boundary slopes r_1 and r_2 with |r_1| > t and |r_2| < t. As a consequence, we show that there are strict boundary slopes near cyclic, finite, and Seifert slopes. We also prove that the diameter of the set of strict boundary slopes can be bounded below using the Culler-Shalen norm of …
A diagonal surface in a link exterior M is a properly embedded, incompressible, boundary incompressible surface which furthermore has the same number of boundary components and same slope on each component of the boundary of M. We derive a formula for the boundary slope of a diagonal surface in the exterior of a 2-bridge link which is analogous to the formula for the boundary slope of a 2-bridge knot found by Hatcher and Thurston. Using this formula we show that the diameter of a 2-bridge link, that is, the difference between the smallest and largest finite slopes of diagonal surfaces, is equa…
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