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arXiv 1108.4979hep-thcond-mat.quant-gasphysics.flu-dyn
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共形对称与非相对论二阶流体动力学

Conformal symmetry and non-relativistic second order fluid dynamics

Jingyi Chao, Thomas Schaefer

摘要:

本文研究了二阶流体动力学方程在流体力学变量梯度上的共形对称约束。在零阶共形对称意味着对状态方程的约束,E=2/3 P,其中E是能量密度,P是压力。在一阶时,共形对称意味着体粘滞系数必须为零。我们表明,在二阶共形不变性要求的应力张量中的两个导数项必须是无迹的,它决定了耗散应力的Navier-Stokes形式的放松。我们验证了这些结果,通过求解玻尔兹曼方程在二阶梯度展开。我们发现,只有一个子集的共形对称允许的条款出现。

英文摘要:

We study the constraints imposed by conformal symmetry on the equations of fluid dynamics at second order in gradients of the hydrodynamic variables. At zeroth order conformal symmetry implies a constraint on the equation of state, E=2/3 P, where E is the energy density and P is the pressure. At first order, conformal symmetry implies that the bulk viscosity must vanish. We show that at second order conformal invariance requires that two-derivative terms in the stress tensor must be traceless, and that it determines the relaxation of dissipative stresses to the Navier-Stokes form. We verify these results by solving the Boltzmann equation at second order in the gradient expansion. We find that only a subset of the terms allowed by conformal symmetry appear.

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