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arXiv 1104.4083astro-ph.SR
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三维矢量流的有效日震反演

Validated helioseismic inversions for 3-D vector flows

M. Svanda, L. Gizon, S. M. Hanasoge, S. D. Ustyugov

摘要:

根据时距日震学,关于内部流体运动的信息被编码在太阳波的传播时间中。逆问题包括推断3-D矢量流从一组旅行时间测量。在这里,我们调查的潜在的时间距离日震学推断3-D对流速度在太阳近地表层。我们开发了一个新的减最优局部平均(SOLA)代码适用于管道伪自动处理。与其前身相比,该代码通过考虑额外的约束进行了改进,以便在给定的噪声水平内获得正确的答案。本研究的主要目的是验证我们的反演代码所获得的结果。我们模拟旅行时地图使用快照从太阳对流的数值模拟,现实玻恩旅行时灵敏度内核,和旅行时噪声的现实模型。这些合成的旅行时间被反转的流量和结果与已知的输入流场进行比较。在反演中实现了额外的约束:流量分量之间的串扰最小化和反演系数的空间定位。使用模式f,p1到p4,我们表明,水平对流流速可以推断没有偏见,在一个信噪比大于一个在顶部3.5毫米,只要观测跨度至少四天。速度的垂直分量(v_z)如果较弱,则更难以推断,并且受到来自水平速度分量的串扰的严重影响。我们强调,这种串扰必须明确地最小化,以检索v_z在顶部1微米。我们还表明,统计平均在许多不同地区的太阳允许可靠地测量的平均性能的所有三个流组件在顶部5.5微米的对流区。

英文摘要:

According to time-distance helioseismology, information about internal fluid motions is encoded in the travel times of solar waves. The inverse problem consists of inferring 3-D vector flows from a set of travel-time measurements. Here we investigate the potential of time-distance helioseismology to infer 3-D convective velocities in the near-surface layers of the Sun. We developed a new Subtractive Optimally Localised Averaging (SOLA) code suitable for pipeline pseudo-automatic processing. Compared to its predecessor, the code was improved by accounting for additional constraints in order to get the right answer within a given noise level. The main aim of this study is to validate results obtained by our inversion code. We simulate travel-time maps using a snapshot from a numerical simulation of solar convective flows, realistic Born travel-time sensitivity kernels, and a realistic model of travel-time noise. These synthetic travel times are inverted for flows and the results compared with the known input flow field. Additional constraints are implemented in the inversion: cross-talk minimization between flow components and spatial localization of inversion coefficients. Using modes f, p1 through p4, we show that horizontal convective flow velocities can be inferred without bias, at a signal-to-noise ratio greater than one in the top 3.5 Mm, provided that observations span at least four days. The vertical component of velocity (v_z), if it were to be weak, is more difficult to infer and is seriously affected by cross-talk from horizontal velocity components. We emphasise that this cross-talk must be explicitly minimised in order to retrieve v_z in the top 1 Mm. We also show that statistical averaging over many different areas of the Sun allows for reliably measuring of average properties of all three flow components in the top 5.5 Mm of the convection zone.

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