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arXiv 1608.04893astro-ph.SR
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模拟太阳黑子的日震全息术:磁和热对旅行时间的贡献

Helioseismic holography of simulated sunspots: magnetic and thermal contributions to travel times

T. Felipe, D. C. Braun, A. D. Crouch, A. C. Birch

摘要:

波通过太阳黑子的传播涉及声波和磁波之间的转换。此外,太阳黑子的热结构与安静太阳的热结构有很大不同。因此,对太阳黑子的当地日震测量结果的解释长期以来一直是一个挑战。为了理解这些测量结果,我们对太阳黑子中的波传播进行了数值模拟。日震全息测量所得到的模拟波场显示定性协议与实际太阳黑子的观测。我们使用额外的数值实验来确定,分别,太阳黑子的热结构的影响和太阳黑子磁场的直接影响。我们使用射线近似表明,热(非磁性)太阳黑子模型中的走时偏移主要是由威尔逊凹陷引起的波路径变化产生的,而不是波速度的变化。这表明,太阳黑子地下结构的反演必须考虑到密度的局部变化。在水平相速度和频率的某些范围内,在全磁太阳黑子模型和热模型中测量的旅行时间之间存在一致性(在模拟中的噪声水平内)。如果这一结论被证明对大范围的模型都是可靠的,那么它将为太阳黑子结构的反演提供一条道路。

英文摘要:

Wave propagation through sunspots involves conversion between waves of acoustic and magnetic character. In addition, the thermal structure of sunspots is very different than that of the quiet Sun. As a consequence, the interpretation of local helioseismic measurements of sunspots has long been a challenge. With the aim of understanding these measurements, we carry out numerical simulations of wave propagation through sunspots. Helioseismic holography measurements made from the resulting simulated wavefields show qualitative agreement with observations of real sunspots. We use additional numerical experiments to determine, separately, the influence of the thermal structure of the sunspot and the direct effect of the sunspot magnetic field. We use the ray approximation to show that the travel-time shifts in the thermal (non-magnetic) sunspot model are primarily produced by changes in the wave path due to the Wilson depression rather than variations in the wave speed. This shows that inversions for the subsurface structure of sunspots must account for local changes in the density. In some ranges of horizontal phase speed and frequency there is agreement (within the noise level in the simulations) between the travel times measured in the full magnetic sunspot model and the thermal model. If this conclusion proves to be robust for a wide range of models, it would suggest a path towards inversions for sunspot structure.

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