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arXiv 2411.06985astro-ph.SR
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单个太阳黑子与孔隙的较差自转

Differential Rotation of Individual Sunspots and Pores

Andrei G. Tlatov, Kseniia A. Tlatova

AI总结:

基于2010-2024年SDO/HMI数据,分析了21万多个太阳黑子和孔隙的自转,发现前导极性自转快2.4%,规则黑子比孔隙快1.5%,小面积黑子自转慢1.7%。

摘要:

根据2010年至2024年期间对太阳动力学观测站/日震与磁成像仪(SDO/HMI)观测数据的处理,对单个太阳黑子和孔隙的自转速率进行了分析。太阳黑子在连续谱图像中得以突出显示。为了精确跟踪太阳黑子,我们每天处理5幅图像。为了确定磁场极性,我们将太阳黑子的轮廓叠加在同一时刻的磁场观测图像上。这使得我们能够跟踪超过21万个单个太阳黑子和孔隙的运动。研究发现,自转速率受到太阳大气自转速率和太阳黑子系统性自行的影响。前导极性的太阳黑子和孔隙的经向运动速率比后导极性的太阳黑子快约2.4%。我们还发现,具有本影和半影的规则太阳黑子的自转速度比没有半影的太阳孔隙快约1.5%。发现了自转速率对这些面积的依赖性。对于面积大于10微半球($S>10$ $\mu$hm)的太阳黑子,自转速率实际上与面积无关。面积小于10微半球($S<10$ $\mu$hm)的小太阳黑子自转速度慢约1.7%。

英文摘要:

The analysis of the rotation rate of individual sunspots and pores was performed according to the data of the processing of observations by the \textit{Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager} (SDO/HMI) in the period 2010\,--\,2024. Sunspots stood out in the images in the continuum. To accurately track the spots, we processed 5 images for each day. To determine the polarity of the magnetic field, we superimposed the contours of sunspots on observations of magnetic fields at the same time. This made it possible to track the movement of more than 210 thousand individual sunspots and pores. It is found that the rotation rate is influenced by the rotation rate of the solar atmosphere and the systematic proper motions of the spots. Sunspots and pores of the leading polarity have a rate of meridional movement $\approx 2.4\%$ faster than spots of the trailing polarity. We also found that regular sunspots, which have umbra and penumbra, rotate $\approx 1.5\%$ faster than solar pores, in which penumbra is absent. The dependence of the rotation rate on these area is found. For sunspots with an area of $S> 10$ $μ$hm, the rotation rate is practically independent of these area. Small sunspots, with an area of lower than $S< 10$ $μ$hm, rotate $\approx 1.7\%$ slower.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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