Algebraic Calculation of the Energy Eigenvalues for the Nondegenerate Three-Dimensional Kepler-Coulomb Potential
Yannis Tanoudis, Costas Daskaloyannis
备注：
Contribution to the Symmetry, Separation, Super-integrability and Special Functions ($S^4$) Conference in honor of Prof. Willard Miller, Minnesota Sept. 2010
In the three-dimensional flat space, a classical Hamiltonian, which has five functionally independent integrals of motion, including the Hamiltonian, is characterized as superintegrable. Kalnins, Kress and Miller (J. Math. Phys. 48 (2007), 113518, 26 pages) have proved that, in the case of nondegenerate potentials, i.e. potentials depending linearly on four parameters, with quadratic symmetries, posses a sixth quadratic integral, which is linearly independent of the other integrals. The existence of this sixth integral imply that the integrals of motion form a ternary quadratic Poisson algebra with five generators. The superintegrability of the generalized Kepler-Coulomb potential that was investigated by Verrier and Evans (J. Math. Phys. 49 (2008), 022902, 8 pages) is a special case of superintegrable system, having two independent integrals of motion of fourth order among the remaining quadratic ones. The corresponding Poisson algebra of integrals is a quadratic one, having the same special form, characteristic to the nondegenerate case of systems with quadratic integrals. In this paper, the ternary quadratic associative algebra corresponding to the quantum Verrier-Evans system is discussed. The subalgebras structure, the Casimir operators and the the finite-dimensional representation of this algebra are studied and the energy eigenvalues of the nondegenerate Kepler-Coulomb are calculated.
The superposition of the Kepler-Coulomb potential on the 3D Euclidean space with three centrifugal terms has recently been shown to be maximally superintegrable [Verrier P E and Evans N W 2008 J. Math. Phys. 49 022902] by finding an additional (hidden) integral of motion which is quartic in the momenta. In this paper we present the generalization of this result to the ND spherical, hyperbolic and Euclidean spaces by making use of a unified symmetry approach that makes use of the curvature parameter. The resulting Hamiltonian, formed by the (curved) Kepler-Coulomb potential together with N cent…
The quantum oscillator and Kepler-Coulomb problems in $d$-dimensional spaces with constant curvature are analyzed from several viewpoints. In a deformed supersymmetric framework, the corresponding nonlinear potentials are shown to exhibit a deformed shape invariance property. By using the point canonical transformation method, the two deformed Schrödinger equations are mapped onto conventional ones corresponding to some shape-invariant potentials, whose rational extensions are well known. The inverse point canonical transformations then provide some rational extensions of the oscillator and Ke…
Bound and scattering states of a non-central extension of the three-dimensional Kepler-Coulomb Hamiltonian are worked out analytically within the framework of the potential groups of the problem, SO(7) for bound states and SO(6,1) for scattering states. In the latter case, the S matrix is calculated by the method of intertwining operators.
We show that it is possible to generate an infinite set of solvable rational extensions from every exceptional first category translationally shape invariant potential. This is made by using Darboux-Bäcklund transformations based on unphysical regular Riccati-Schrödinger functions which are obtained from specific symmetries associated to the considered family of potentials.
An overview of maximally superintegrable classical Hamitonians on spherically symmetric spaces is presented. It turns out that each of these systems can be considered either as an oscillator or as a Kepler-Coulomb Hamiltonian. We show that two possible quantization prescriptions for all these curved systems arise if we impose that superintegrability is preserved after quantization, and we prove that both possibilities are gauge equivalent.
We apply the Schrödinger factorization method to the radial second-order equation for the relativistic Kepler-Coulomb problem. From these operators we construct two sets of one-variable radial operators which are realizations for the $su(1,1)$ Lie algebra. We use this algebraic structure to obtain the energy spectrum and the supersymmetric ground state for this system.
Ladder functions in classical mechanics are defined in a similar way as ladder operators in the context of quantum mechanics. In the present paper, we develop a new method for obtaining ladder functions of one dimensional systems by means of a product of two `factor functions'. We apply this method to the curved Kepler-Coulomb and Rosen-Morse II systems whose ladder functions were not found yet. The ladder functions here obtained are applied to get the motion of the system.
The classical Kepler-Coulomb system in 3 dimensions is well known to be 2nd order superintegrable, with a symmetry algebra that closes polynomially under Poisson brackets. This polynomial closure is typical for 2nd order superintegrable systems in 2D and for 2nd order systems in 3D with nondegenerate (4-parameter) potentials. However the degenerate 3-parameter potential for the 3D extended Kepler-Coulomb system (also 2nd order superintegrable) is an exception, as its quadratic symmetry algebra doesn't close polynomially. The 3D 4-parameter potential for the extended Kepler-Coulomb system is no…
The quantum Kepler-Coulomb system in 3 dimensions is well known to be 2nd order superintegrable, with a symmetry algebra that closes polynomially under commutators. This polynomial closure is also typical for 2nd order superintegrable systems in 2D and for 2nd order systems in 3D with nondegenerate (4-parameter) potentials. However the degenerate 3-parameter potential for the 3D Kepler-Coulomb system (also 2nd order superintegrable) is an exception, as its symmetry algebra doesn't close polynomially. The 3D 4-parameter potential for the extended Kepler-Coulomb system is not even 2nd order supe…
The $N$-dimensional quantum Hamiltonian $ \hat{H} = -\frac{\hbar^2 {|\mathbf{q} } | }{2(η+| {\mathbf{q}} |)} {\mathbf{\nabla}}^2 - \frac{k}{η+ |{\mathbf{q}} |} $ is shown to be exactly solvable for any real positive value of the parameter $η$. Algebraically, this Hamiltonian system can be regarded as a new maximally superintegrable $η$-deformation of the $N$-dimensional Kepler-Coulomb Hamiltonian while, from a geometric viewpoint, this superintegrable Hamiltonian can be interpreted as a system on an $N$-dimensional Riemannian space with nonconstant curvature. The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions…
We construct the integrals of motion for the 5D deformed Kepler system with non-central potentials in $su(2)$ Yang-Coulomb monopole field. We show that these integrals form a higher rank quadratic algebra $Q(3; L^{so(4)}, T^{su(2)})\oplus so(4)$, with structure constants involving the Casimir operators of $so(4)$ and $su(2)$ Lie algebras. We realize the quadratic algebra in terms of the deformed oscillator and construct its finite-dimensional unitary representations. This enable us to derive the energy spectrum of the system algebraically. Furthermore we show that the model is multiseparable a…
In the three dimensional flat space any classical Hamiltonian, which has five functionally independent integrals of motion, including the Hamiltonian, is characterized as superintegrable. Kalnins, Kress and Miller have proved that, in the case of non degenerate potentials, i.e potentials depending linearly on four parameters, with quadratic symmetries, posses a sixth quadratic integral, which is linearly independent of the other integrals. The existence of this sixth integral imply that the integrals of motion form a ternary parafermionic-like quadratic Poisson algebra with five generators. Th…
The 5D Kepler system possesses many interesting properties. This system is superintegrable and also with a $su(2)$ nonAbelian monopole interaction (Yang-Coulomb monopole). This system is also related to a 8D isotropic harmonic oscillator by a Hurwitz transformation. We introduce a new superintegrable Hamiltonian that consists in a 5D Kepler system with new terms of Smorodinsky-Winternitz type. We obtain the integrals of motion of this systems. They generate a quadratic algebra with structure constants involving the Casimir operator of a $so(4)$ Lie algebra. We also show that this system remain…
We decouple the Dirac's radial equations in $D+1$ dimensions with Coulomb-type scalar and vector potentials through appropriate transformations. We study each of these uncoupled second-order equations in an algebraic way by using an $su(1,1)$ algebra realization. Based on the theory of irreducible representations, we find the energy spectrum and the radial eigenfunctions. We construct the Perelomov coherent states for the Sturmian basis, which is the basis for the unitary irreducible representation of the $su(1,1)$ Lie algebra. The physical radial coherent states for our problem are obtained b…
The classical Kepler-Coulomb problem on the single-sheeted hyperboloid $H^{3}_1$ is solved in the framework of the Hamilton--Jacobi equation. We have proven that all the bounded orbits are closed and periodic. The paths are ellipses or circles for finite motion.
We introduce a new family of Hamiltonians with a deformed Kepler- Coulomb potential dependent on an indexing parameter k. We show that this family is superintegrable for all rational k and compute the classical trajectories and quantum wave functions. We show that this system is related, via coupling constant metamorphosis, to a family of superintegrable deformations of the harmonic oscillator given by Tremblay, Turbiner and Winternitz. In doing so, we prove that all Hamiltonians with an oscillator term are related by coupling constant metamorphosis to systems with a Kepler-Coulomb term, both …
Transition to a nonrelativistic Pauli equation in Riemann space of constant positive curvature for a Dirac particle in presence of the Coulomb field is performed in the system of radial equations, exact solutions are constructed in terms of Hein functions, the energy spectrum is derived. The same is done for the Kepler quantum problem in hyperbolic Lobachevsky space, solutions are constructed in terms of Hein functions, the energy spectrum is obtained.
Two planar supersymmetric quantum mechanical systems built around the quantum integrable Kepler/Coulomb and Euler/Coulomb problems are analyzed in depth. The supersymmetric spectra of both systems are unveiled, profiting from symmetry operators not related to invariance with respect to rotations. It is shown analytically how the first problem arises at the limit of zero distance between the centers of the second problem. It appears that the supersymmetric modified Euler/Coulomb problem is a quasi-isospectral deformation of the supersymmetric Kepler/Coulomb problem.
Superintegrable systems are a class of physical systems which possess more conserved quantities than their degrees of freedom. The study of these systems has a long history and continues to attract significant international attention. This thesis investigates finite dimensional quantum superintegrable systems with scalar potentials as well as vector potentials with monopole type interactions. We introduce new families of $N$-dimensional superintegrable Kepler-Coulomb systems with non-central terms and double singular harmonic oscillators in the Euclidean space, and new families of superintegra…
The aim of this note is to explain the integrability of an integrable Boltzmann billiard model, previously established by Gallavotti and Jauslin in arXiv:2008.01955, alternatively via the viewpoint of projective dynamics. The additional first integral is shown to be related to the energy of a corresponding system on a hemisphere. We show that this viewpoint applies to certain other billiard models in the plane defined through Kepler-Coulomb problems as well. The approach also leads to a family of integrable billiard models on the sphere defined through the spherical Kepler-Coulomb problem.
We introduce the regularization Levi-Civita parameter for the `curved Kepler', i.e., motion under the `Kepler-Coulomb' potential in a configuration space with any constant curvature and metric of any signature type. Consistent use of this parameter allows to solve the problem of motion (orbit shape and time evolution along the orbit), thereby extending the use of the Levi-Civita parameter beyond the usual Kepler problem in a flat Euclidean configuration space. A `universal' description, where all relations are applicable to the motions in any space and with any energy follow from our approach,…
We introduce a new superintegrable Kepler-Coulomb system with non-central terms in $N$-dimensional Euclidean space. We show this system is multiseparable and allows separation of variables in hyperspherical and hyperparabolic coordinates. We present the wave function in terms of special functions. We give a algebraic derivation of spectrum of the superintegrable system. We show how the $so(N+1)$ symmetry algebra of the $N$-dimensional Kepler-Coulomb system is deformed to a quadratic algebra with only 3 generators and structure constants involving a Casimir operator of $so(N-1)$ Lie algebra. We…
Perlick's classification of (3+1)-dimensional spherically symmetric and static spacetimes (\cal M,η=-1/V dt^2+g) for which the classical Bertrand theorem holds [Perlick V Class. Quantum Grav. 9 (1992) 1009] is revisited. For any Bertrand spacetime (\cal M,η) the term V(r) is proven to be either the intrinsic Kepler-Coulomb or the harmonic oscillator potential on its associated Riemannian 3-manifold (M,g). Among the latter 3-spaces (M,g) we explicitly identify the three classical Riemannian spaces of constant curvature, a generalization of a Darboux space and the Iwai-Katayama spaces generalizi…
We propose an exactly-solvable model of the quantum oscillator on the class of Kähler spaces (with conic singularities), connected with two-dimensional complex projective spaces. Its energy spectrum is nondegenerate in the orbital quantum number, when the space has non-constant curvature. We reduce the model to a three-dimensional system interacting with the Dirac monopole. Owing to noncommutativity of the reduction and quantization procedures, the Hamiltonian of the reduced system gets non-trivial quantum corrections. We transform the reduced system into a MIC-Kepler-like one and find that qu…
From eigensolutions of the harmonic oscillator or Kepler-Coulomb Hamiltonian we extend the functional equation for the Riemann zeta function and develop integral representations for the Riemann xi function that is the completed classical zeta function. A key result provides a basis for generalizing the important Riemann-Siegel integral formula.
Three-Dimensional Coulomb Discrete Spectrum via Symplectic Geometry and Phase-Space Constraints: A Geometric Framework for Condensed-Matter Coulomb-Like Systems
An infinite family of classical superintegrable Hamiltonians defined on the N-dimensional spherical, Euclidean and hyperbolic spaces are shown to have a common set of (2N-3) functionally independent constants of the motion. Among them, two different subsets of N integrals in involution (including the Hamiltonian) can always be explicitly identified. As particular cases, we recover in a straightforward way most of the superintegrability properties of the Smorodinsky-Winternitz and generalized Kepler-Coulomb systems on spaces of constant curvature and we introduce as well new classes of (quasi-m…
By applying the recurrence approach and coupling constant metamorphosis, we construct higher order integrals of motion for the Stackel equivalents of the $N$-dimensional superintegrable Kepler-Coulomb model with non-central terms and the double singular oscillators of type ($n, N-n$). We show how the integrals of motion generate higher rank cubic algebra $C(3)\oplus L_1\oplus L_2$ with structure constants involving Casimir operators of the Lie algebras $L_1$ and $L_2$. The realizations of the cubic algebras in terms of deformed oscillators enable us to construct finite dimensional unitary repr…
We introduce an extended Kepler-Coulomb quantum model in spherical coordinates. The Schrödinger equation of this Hamiltonian is solved in these coordinates and it is shown that the wave functions of the system can be expressed in terms of Laguerre, Legendre and exceptional Jacobi polynomials (of hypergeometric type). We construct ladder and shift operators based on the corresponding wave functions and obtain their recurrence formulas. These recurrence relations are used to construct higher-order, algebraically independent integrals of motion to prove superintegrability of the Hamiltonian. The …
In a recent paper the so-called Spectrum Generating Algebra (SGA) technique has been applied to the N-dimensional Taub-NUT system, a maximally superintegrable Hamiltonian system which can be interpreted as a one-parameter deformation of the Kepler-Coulomb system. Such a Hamiltonian is associated to a specific Bertrand space of non-constant curvature. The SGA procedure unveils the symmetry algebra underlying the Hamiltonian system and, moreover, enables one to solve the equations of motion. Here we will follow the same path to tackle the Darboux III system, another maximally superintegrable sys…
We analyse the $n$-dimensional superintegrable Kepler-Coulomb system with non-central terms. We find a novel underlying chain structure of quadratic algebras formed by the integrals of motion. We identify the elements for each sub-structure and obtain the algebra relations satisfied by them and the corresponding Casimir operators. These quadratic sub-algebras are realized in terms of a chain of deformed oscillators with factorized structure functions. We construct the finite-dimensional unitary representations of the deformed oscillators, and give an algebraic derivation of the energy spectrum…
Classical (maximal) superintegrable systems in $n$ dimensions are Hamiltonian systems with $2n-1$ independent constants of the motion, globally defined, the maximum number possible. They are very special because they can be solved algebraically. In this paper we show explicitly, mostly through examples of 2nd order superintegrable systems in 2 dimensions, how the trajectories can be determined in detail using rather elementary algebraic, geometric and analytic methods applied to the closed quadratic algebra of symmetries of the system. We treat a family of 2nd order degenerate systems: oscilla…
The Lie-Poisson algebra so(N+1) and some of its contractions are used to construct a family of superintegrable Hamiltonians on the ND spherical, Euclidean, hyperbolic, Minkowskian and (anti-)de Sitter spaces. We firstly present a Hamiltonian which is a superposition of an arbitrary central potential with N arbitrary centrifugal terms. Such a system is quasi-maximally superintegrable since this is endowed with 2N-3 functionally independent constants of the motion (plus the Hamiltonian). Secondly, we identify two maximally superintegrable Hamiltonians by choosing a specific central potential and…
Classical and quantum superintegrable systems have a long history and they possess more integrals of motion than degrees of freedom. They have many attractive properties, wide applications in modern physics and connection to many domains in pure and applied mathematics. We overview two new families of superintegrable Kepler-Coulomb systems with non-central terms and superintegrable Hamiltonians with double singular oscillators of type $(n,N-n)$ in $N$-dimensional Euclidean space. We present their quadratic and polynomial algebras involving Casimir operators of $so(N+1)$ Lie algebras that exhib…
A family of classical superintegrable Hamiltonians, depending on an arbitrary radial function, which are defined on the 3D spherical, Euclidean and hyperbolic spaces as well as on the (2+1)D anti-de Sitter, Minkowskian and de Sitter spacetimes is constructed. Such systems admit three integrals of the motion (besides the Hamiltonian) which are explicitly given in terms of ambient and geodesic polar coordinates. The resulting expressions cover the six spaces in a unified way as these are parametrized by two contraction parameters that govern the curvature and the signature of the metric on each …
We introduce a new family of $N$-dimensional quantum superintegrable model consisting of double singular oscillators of type $(n,N-n)$. The special cases $(2,2)$ and $(4,4)$ were previously identified as the duals of 3- and 5-dimensional deformed Kepler-Coulomb systems with $u(1)$ and $su(2)$ monopoles respectively. The models are multiseparable and their wave functions are obtained in $(n,N-n)$ double-hyperspherical coordinates. We obtain the integrals of motion and construct the finitely generated polynomial algebra that is the direct sum of a quadratic algebra $Q(3)$ involving three generat…
The rank-$1$ Racah algebra $R(3)$ plays a pivotal role in the theory of superintegrable systems. It appears as the symmetry algebra of the $3$-parameter system on the $2$-sphere from which all second-order conformally flat superintegrable models in $2$D can be obtained by means of suitable limits and contractions. A higher rank generalization of $R(3)$, the so-called rank $n-2$ Racah algebra $R(n)$, has been considered recently and showed to be the symmetry algebra of the general superintegrable model on the $(n-1)$-sphere. In the present work, we show that such an algebraic structure naturall…
