We study the spectrum of BPS D-branes on a Calabi-Yau manifold using the 0+1 dimensional quiver gauge theory that describes the dynamics of the branes at low energies. The results of Kontsevich and Soibelman predict how the degeneracies change. We argue that Seiberg dualities of the quiver gauge theories, which change the basis of BPS states, correspond to crossing the "walls of the second kind." There is a large class of examples, including local del Pezzo surfaces, where the BPS degeneracies of quivers corresponding to one D6 brane bound to arbitrary numbers of D4, D2 and D0 branes are counted by melting crystal configurations. We show that the melting crystals that arise are a discretization of the Calabi-Yau geometry. The shape of the crystal is determined by the Calabi-Yau geometry and the background B-field, and its microscopic structure by the quiver Q. We prove that the BPS degeneracies computed from Q and Q' are related by the Kontsevich Soibelman formula, using a geometric realization of the Seiberg duality in the crystal. We also show that, in the limit of infinite B-field, the combinatorics of crystals arising from the quivers becomes that of the topological vertex. We thus re-derive the Gromov-Witten/Donaldson-Thomas correspondence.
We study the BPS particle spectrum of five-dimensional superconformal field theories (SCFTs) on $\mathbb{R}^4\times S^1$ with one-dimensional Coulomb branch, by means of their associated BPS quivers. By viewing these theories as arising from the geometric engineering within M-theory, the quivers are naturally associated to the corresponding local Calabi-Yau threefold. We show that the symmetries of the quiver, descending from the symmetries of the Calabi-Yau geometry, together with the affine root lattice structure of the flavor charges, provide equations for the Kontsevich-Soibelman wall-cros…
Wall-crossing phenomena are ubiquitous in many problems of algebraic geometry and theoretical physics. Various ways to encode the relevant information and the need to track the changes under the variation of parameters lead to rather complicated transformation rules and non-trivial combinatorial problems. In this paper we propose a framework, reminiscent of collections and plethysms in the theory of operads, that conceptualizes those transformation rules. As an application we obtain new streamlined proofs of some existing wall-crossing formulas as well as some new formulas related to attractor…
Families of Bridgeland stability conditions induce families of stability data, wall-crossing structures and scattering diagrams on the motivic Hall algebra. These structures can be transferred to the quantum torus if the stability conditions of the family have global dimension at most 2. We show that geometric stability conditions on surfaces with nef anticanonical bundle have global dimension 2 and we study the resulting family of stability data. We formulate a conjecture relating this family to the family of stability data associated with a quiver with potential and we verify this conjecture…
We study K-theoretic GLSM invariants with one-dimensional gauge group and introduce elliptic central charges that depend on an elliptic cohomology class called an elliptic brane and a choice of level structure. These central charges have an integral representation related to an interpolation problem for the elliptic brane and satisfy natural q-difference equations. Integral representaions lead to the wall crossing statement for the central charges in two different phases of the GLSM. We explain how the orbifold structure leads to differences between wall crossing of the usual (K-theoretic) and…
We introduce a class of new algebras, the shifted quiver Yangians, as the BPS algebras for type IIA string theory on general toric Calabi-Yau three-folds. We construct representations of the shifted quiver Yangian from general subcrystals of the canonical crystal. We derive our results via equivariant localization for supersymmetric quiver quantum mechanics for various framed quivers, where the framings are determined by the shape of the subcrystals. Our results unify many known BPS state counting problems, including open BPS counting, non-compact D4-branes, and wall crossing phenomena, simply…
We prove formula between Nekrasov partition functions defined from stable and co-stable ADHM data for the plane following method by Nakajima-Yoshioka based on the theory of wall-crossing formula developed by Mochizuki. This formula is similar to conjectures by Itoh-Maruyoshi-Okuda for $A_{1}$ singularity.
Fundamental Vortices, Wall-Crossing, and Particle-Vortex Duality
我们探讨了三维超对称杨-米尔斯理论的一维涡旋动力学，从精确配分函数的因式分解推断。在Seiberg型对偶下，三维配分函数必须保持不变，但涡动力学的变化并不是先验的。我们观察到，一维颤动的旋涡保持不变，和净效应的三维对偶映射表现为一维穿墙现象;虽然涡数可以沿着这样的对偶映射移动，一维的量子理论的行列不受影响，导致一个概念的基本涡作为基本的积木拓扑扇区。对于Aharony型对偶，特别是，其中一个必须提供额外的手征字段耦合与双方面的算子，一维壁交叉的无穷多个涡理论整齐，集体编码的三维行列式，这种额外的手征字段。因此，涡旋理论的1D穿墙编码了嵌入在3D类塞伯格对偶中的粒子-涡旋对偶。对于$\mathcal N = 4$，D膜图像被用来激发这种3d/1d连接，而对于$\mathcal N = 2$，这种3d/1d连接被用来微调否则模糊的涡旋动力学。我们还证明了一些身份的三维超对称配分函数的Aharony对偶使用这种涡壁交叉解释。
We study the BPS spectrum of four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group $SU(2)$ and a massive adjoint hypermultiplet, which has an extremely intricate structure with infinite spectrum in all chambers of its Coulomb moduli space, and is not well understood. We build on previous results by employing the BPS quiver description of the spectrum, and explore the qualitative features in detail using numerical techniques. We find novel and unexpected behaviour in the form of wall-crossings involving interactions between BPS particles with negative electric-magne…
We study the twisted index of 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric gauge theories on $S^1 \times Σ$ in the presence of a real FI parameter deformation. This parameter induces a 1d FI parameter for the effective supersymmetric quantum mechanics on $S^1$. Using supersymmetric localisation, the twisted index can be expressed as a contour integral. We show that the contour prescription is modified in the presence of the 1d FI parameter, leading to wall-crossing phenomena for the twisted index. In particular, we derive a general wall-crossing formula for abelian gauge theories. We also examine the ori…
We describe how categorical BPS data including chain complexes of solitons, CPT pairings, and interior amplitudes jump across a wall of marginal stability in two-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ models. We show that our jump formulas hold if and only if the $A_{\infty}$-categories of half-BPS branes constructed on either side of the wall are homotopy equivalent. These results can be viewed as categorical enhancements of the Cecotti-Vafa wall-crossing formula.
We study low-energy dynamics of $[SU(N)]^K$ chiral quiver gauge theories in connection with $\mathcal{N}=1$ super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory, and quantum chromodynamics with bi-fundamental fermions (QCD(BF)). These theories can be obtained by $\mathbb{Z}_K$ orbifold projections of $\mathcal{N}=1$ $SU(NK)$ SYM theory, but the perturbative planar equivalence does not extend nonperturbatively for $K\ge 3$. In order to study low-energy behaviors, we analyze these systems using 't~Hooft anomaly matching and reliable semiclassics on $\mathbb{R}^3\times S^1$. Thanks to 't~Hooft anomaly that involves $1$…
我们测试了最近提出的跨壁公式的希尔伯特空间的变化的BPS状态在d=4，N=2的理论。我们研究的D4 D2 D 0系统的衰变成D4 D2 D 0系统对，我们展示了如何跨壁公式重现Goettsche和Yoshioka的结果的跨壁行为的斜率稳定的全纯丛的模在全纯表面。我们的比较非常清楚地表明，即使在忽略worldhseet瞬子的情况下，卡-丘空间中刚性曲面上的D4 D2 D 0系统的模空间与无挠层的模空间也是不同的。此外，我们认为，物理公式应该作出一些新的数学预测，为未来的理论的模量的稳定对象的派生类别。
We explore the physics of two-body decay of BPS states using semiclassical analysis to construct explicit solutions that illustrate the main features of wall crossing, for both ordinary and framed BPS states. In particular we recover the primitive wall-crossing formula from an asymptotic analysis of certain Dirac-type operators on monopole moduli spaces. Along the way we give an asymptotic metric for the moduli space of singular monopoles, analogous to the Gibbons-Manton and Lee-Weinberg-Yi metrics for the moduli space of smooth monopoles, and we find evidence for the existence of stable non-B…
We formulate Witten index problems for theories with two supercharges in a Majorana doublet, as in $d=3$ $\mathcal N=1$ theories and dimensional reduction thereof. Regardless of spacetime dimensions, the wall-crossing occurs generically, in the parameter space of the real superpotential $W$. With scalar multiplets only, the path integral reduces to a Gaussian one in terms of $dW$, with a winding number interpretation, and allows an in-depth study of the wall-crossing. After discussing the connection to well-known mathematical approaches such as the Morse theory, we move on to Abelian gauge the…
