We investigate class field towers of number fields obtained as fixed fields of modular representations of the absolute Galois group of the rational numbers. First, for each $k\in\{12,16,18,20,22,26\}$, we give explicit rational primes $ł$ such that the fixed field of the mod-$ł$ representation attached to the unique normalized cusp eigenforms of weight $k$ on $\Sl_2(\Z)$ has an infinite class field tower. Under a conjecture of Hardy and Littlewood, we further prove that there exist infinitely many such primes for each $k$ (in the above list). Second, given a non-CM curve $E/\Q$, we show that there exists an integer $M_E$ such that the fixed field of the representation attached to the $n$-division points of $E$ has an infinite class field tower for a set of integers $n$ of density one among integers coprime to $M_E$.
In this paper we construct Galois towers with good asymptotic properties over any non-prime finite field $\mathbb F_{\ell}$; i.e., we construct sequences of function fields $\mathcal{N}=(N_1 \subset N_2 \subset \cdots)$ over $\mathbb F_{\ell}$ of increasing genus, such that all the extensions $N_i/N_1$ are Galois extensions and the number of rational places of these function fields grows linearly with the genus. The limits of the towers satisfy the same lower bounds as the best currently known lower bounds for the Ihara constant for non-prime finite fields. Towers with these properties are imp…
We prove the existence of a Galois closure for towers of torsors under finite group schemes over a proper, geometrically connected and geometrically reduced algebraic stack $X$ over a field $k$. This is done by describing the Nori fundamental gerbe of an essentially finite cover of $X$. A similar result is also obtained for the $S$-fundamental gerbe.
The fundamental theorem of arithmetic factorizes any integer into a product of prime numbers. The Jordan-Holder theorem dissolves many groups by their normal series which can be refined into composition series. The main topic of this thesis is the dissociation of field extensions. We dissociate algebraic extensions by their intermediate fields to build a tower with the greatest possible number of Galois steps. We call "galtowerable" the extensions admitting a field tower all the steps of which are Galois extensions,i.e. a "Galois tower". Two Galois towers of the same galtowerable extension (fi…
The $p$-group generation algorithm from computational group theory is used to obtain information about large quotients of the pro-2 group $G = \text{Gal} (k^{nr,2}/k)$ for $k = \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})$ with $d = -445, -1015, -1595, -2379$. In each case we are able to narrow the identity of $G$ down to one of a finite number of explicitly given finite groups. From this follow several results regarding the corresponding 2-class tower. This is a revised version of ANT-0302.
Let L be a Galois extension of a countable Hilbertian field K. Although L need not be Hilbertian, we prove that an abundance of large Galois subextensions of L/K are.
We describe algorithms to compute fixed fields, splitting fields and towers of radical extensions without using polynomial factorisation in towers or constructing any field containing the splitting field, instead extending Galois group computations for this task. We also describe the computation of geometric Galois groups (monodromy groups) and their use in computing absolute factorizations.
Let $K$ be a function field over a finite field $k$ of characteristic $p$ and let $K_{\infty}/K$ be a geometric extension with Galois group $\mathbb{Z}_p$. Let $K_n$ be the corresponding subextension with Galois group $\mathbb{Z}/p^n\mathbb{Z}$ and genus $g_n$. In this paper, we give a simple explicit formula $g_n$ in terms of an explicit Witt vector construction of the $\mathbb{Z}_p$-tower. This formula leads to a tight lower bound on $g_n$ which is quadratic in $p^n$. Furthermore, we determine all $\mathbb{Z}_p$-towers for which the genus sequence is stable, in the sense that there are $a,b,…
We expand on Nekovář's construction of the plectic half transfer to define a plectic Galois action on Hilbert modular varieties. More precisely, we study in a unifying fashion Shimura varieties associated to groups that differ only in the centre from $R_{F/\mathbb{Q}}{\rm GL}_2$. We define plectic Galois actions on the CM points and on the set of connected components of these Shimura varieties, and show that these two actions are compatible. This extends the plectic conjecture of Nekovář--Scholl.
The aim of this paper is to extend some arithmetic results on elliptic modular forms to the case of Hilbert modular forms. Among these results let's mention : (1) the control of the image of the Galois representation modulo $p$, (2) Hida's congruence criterion outside an explicit set of primes $p$, and (3) the freeness of the integral cohomology of the Hilbert modular variety over certain local components of the Hecke algebra and the Gorenstein property of these local algebras. We study the arithmetic of the Hilbert modular forms by studying their modulo $p$ Galois representations and our main…
We prove the indecomposability of Galois representation restricted to the p-decomposition group attached to a non CM nearly p-ordinary weight two Hilbert modular form under mild conditions.
Any polynomial $f(x)\in\mathbb{Z}_q[x]$ defines a Witt vector $[f]\in W(\mathbb{F}_q[x])$. Consider the Artin-Schreier-Witt tower $y^F-y=[f]$. This is a tower of curves over $\mathbb{F}_q$, with total Galois group $\mathbb{Z}_p$. We want to study the Newton slopes of zeta functions of this tower. We reduce it to the Newton polygons of L-functions associated with characters on the Galois groups. We prove that, when the conductors are large enough, these Newton slopes are unions of arithmetic progressions which are changing proportionally as the conductor increases. This is a generalization of t…
Let us consider an algebraic function field defined over a finite Galois extension $K$ of a perfect field $k$. We give some conditions allowing the descent of the definition field of the algebraic function field from $K$ to $k$. We apply these results to the descent of the definition field of a tower of function fields.We give explicitly the equations of the intermediate steps of an Artin-Schreier type extension reduced from $\F_{q^2}$ to $\F_q$. By applying these results to a completed Garcia-Stichtenoth's tower we improve the upper bounds and the upper asymptotic bounds of the bilinear compl…
We prove the existence of Euler systems for adjoint modular Galois representations using deformations of Galois representations coming from Hilbert modular forms and relate them to $p$-adic $L$-functions under a conjectural formula for the Fitting ideals of some equivariant congruence modules for abelian base change.
For each odd prime p>=5, there exist finite p-groups G with derived quotient G/D(G)=C(p)xC(p) and nearly constant transfer kernel type k(G)=(1,2,...,2) having two fixed points. It is proved that, for p=7, this type k(G) with the simplest possible case of logarithmic abelian quotient invariants t(G)=(11111,111,21,21,21,21,21,21) of the eight maximal subgroups is realized by exactly 98 non-metabelian Schur sigma-groups S of order 7^11 with fixed derived length dl(S)=3 and metabelianizations S/D(D(S)) of order 7^7. For p=5, the type k(G) with t(G)=(2111,111,21,21,21,21) leads to infinitely many n…
Let $F$ be a totally real number field and let $p$ be a prime unramified in $F$. We prove the existence of Galois pseudo-representations attached to mod $p^m$ Hecke eigenclasses of paritious weight occurring in the coherent cohomology of Hilbert modular varieties for $F$ of level prime to $p$.
In 2002, M. A. Tsfasman and S. G. Vlăduţ formulated the generalized Brauer-Siegel conjecture for asymptotically exact families of number fields. In this article, we establish this conjecture for asymptotically good towers and asymptotically bad families of number fields with solvable normal closure.
For a totally real number field $F$ and a nonarchimedean prime $\mathfrak{p}$ of $F$ lying above a prime number $p$ we introduce certain sheaf cohomology groups that intertwine the $\mathfrak{p}^{\infty}$-tower of a quaternionic Hilbert modular variety associated to a quaternion algebra $D$ over $F$ that is split at $\mathfrak{p}$ and a $p$-adically admissible representation of $\mbox{PGL}_2(F_{\mathfrak{p}})$. Applied to infinitesimal $p$-adic deformations of the local factor at $\mathfrak{p}$ of a cuspidal automorphic representation $π$ of $D^*(\mathbb{A})$ this yields a natural construction…
Sect 1 introduces Nielsen classes attached to (G,C), where C is r conjugacy classes in a finite group G, and a braid action on them. These give reduced Hurwitz spaces, denoted H(G,C)^rd. The section concludes with a braid formula for the genus of these spaces when r = 4. If there is at least one prime l for which G is divisible by l, but has no Z/l quotient, then there is a canonical tower of reduced Hurwitz spaces over H(G,C)^rd, using the Universal Frattini cover, ~G, of G, and ~G_ab, its abelianized version. The towers are nonempty assuming C are l' classes satisfying a cohomological condit…
Assuming the Bloch-Kato Conjecture, we determine precise conditions under which Hilbert 90 is valid for Milnor k-theory and Galois cohomology. In particular, Hilbert 90 holds for degree n when the cohomological dimension of the Galois group of the maximal p-extension of F is at most n.
We prove a new Hilbertianity criterion for fields in towers whose steps are Galois with Galois group either abelian or a product of finite simple groups. We then apply this criterion to fields arising from Galois representations. In particular we settle a conjecture of Jarden on abelian varieties.
In a previous article, the second author proved that the image of the Galois representation mod $λ$ attached to a Hilbert modular newform is large or all but finitely many primes $λ$, if the form is not a theta series. In this brief note, we give an explicit bound for this exceptional finite set of primes and determine the images in three different examples. Our examples are of Hilbert newforms on real quadratic fields, of parallel or non-parallel weight and of different levels.
In this paper we discuss applications of our earlier work in studying certain Galois groups and splitting fields of rational functions in $\mathbb Q\left(X_0(N)\right)$ using Hilbert's irreducibility theorem and modular forms. We also consider computational aspect of the problem using MAGMA and SAGE.
We prove a finiteness result for the p-adic cohomology of the Lubin-Tate tower. For any n>=1 and p-adic field F, this provides a canonical functor from admissible p-adic representations of GL_n(F) towards admissible p-adic representations of Gal_F x D^*, where Gal_F is the absolute Galois group of F, and D/F is the central division algebra of invariant 1/n. Moreover, we verify a local-global-compatibility statement for this correspondence, and compatibility with the patching construction of Caraiani-Emerton-Gee-Geraghty-Paskunas-Shin.
In a recent paper, Moshe Jarden proposed a conjecture, later named the Kuykian conjecture, which states that if A is an abelian variety defined over a Hilbertian field K, then every intermediate field of K(A_{tor})/K is Hilbertian. We prove that the conjecture holds for Galois extensions of K in K(A_{tor}).
The main result of this article states that the Galois representation attached to a Hilbert modular eigenform defined over F_p^bar of parallel weight 1 and level prime to p is unramified above p. This includes the important case of eigenforms that do not lift to Hilbert modular forms in characteristic 0 of parallel weight 1. The proof is based on the observation that parallel weight 1 forms in characteristic p embed into the ordinary part of parallel weight p forms in two different ways per prime dividing p, namely via `partial' Frobenius operators.
Let $p$ be a prime number and $F$ a totally real number field. For each prime $\mathfrak{p}$ of $F$ above $p$ we construct a Hecke operator $T_\mathfrak{p}$ acting on $(\mathrm{mod}\, p^m)$ Katz Hilbert modular classes which agrees with the classical Hecke operator at $\mathfrak{p}$ for global sections that lift to characteristic zero. Using these operators and the techniques of patching complexes of F. Calegari and D. Geraghty we prove that the Galois representations arising from torsion Hilbert modular classes of parallel weight ${\bf 1}$ are unramified at $p$ when $[F:\mathbb Q]=2$. Some pa…
In this article we investigate the automorphism group of an asymptotically optimal tower of function fields introduced by Garcia and Stichtenoth. In particular we provide a detailed description of the decomposition group of some rational places. This group acts on the algebraic-geometric standard codes obtained by the Garcia-Stichtenoth tower exceeding the Gilbert-Varshamov bound. The fields fixed by the decomposition groups form an asymptotically optimal non-Galois subtower, which has been first found by Bezerra and Garcia and yields an improvement for computing codes above the Gilbert-Varsha…
The p-class tower $F_p^\infty(k)$ of a number field k is its maximal unramified pro-p extension. It is considered to be known when the p-tower group, that is the Galois group $G:=Gal(F_p^\infty(k)/k)$, can be identified by an explicit presentation. The main intention of this article is to characterize assigned finite 3-groups uniquely by abelian quotient invariants of subgroups of finite index, and to provide evidence of actual realizations of these groups by 3-tower groups G of real quadratic fields $K=Q(\sqrt{d})$ with 3-capitulation type (0122) or (2034).
For every prime number p, we show the existence of a solvable number field L ramified only at {p and infinity whose p-Hilbert Class field tower is infinite.
We establish a precise relation between Galois theory in its motivic form with the mathematical theory of perturbative renormalization (in the minimal subtraction scheme with dimensional regularization). We identify, through a Riemann-Hilbert correspondence based on the Birkhoff decomposition and the t'Hooft relations, a universal symmetry group (the "cosmic Galois group" suggested by Cartier), which contains the renormalization group and acts on the set of physical theories. This group is closely related to motivic Galois theory. We construct a universal singular frame of geometric nature, in…
The constructive inverse Galois problem via Hilbert modular forms: realizing the transitive group 17T7
Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；University of Bristol（布里斯托大学）；Harvard University（哈佛大学）；Universität Würzburg（维尔茨堡大学）；Rijksuniveriteit Groningen（格罗宁根大学）；Leibniz Universität Hannover（汉诺威莱布尼茨大学）；Dartmouth College（达特茅斯学院）
In this paper, we associate Galois representations to globally generic cuspidal automorphic representations on GSp(4), over a totally real field F, which are Steinberg at some finite place. This association is compatible with the local Langlands correspondence for GSp(4) studied recently in a preprint of Gan and Takeda. As a corollary, we relate the rank of the monodromy operator at p to the dimensions of the parahoric fixed spaces at p. The Galois representations are constructed by first passing to GL(4) over a CM extension, then applying the book of Harris-Taylor plus a refinement due to Tay…
Let F be a totally real field, v an unramified place of F dividing p and rho a continuous irreducible two-dimensional mod p representation of G_F such that the restriction of rho to G_{F_v} is reducible and sufficiently generic. If rho is modular (and satisfies some weak technical assumptions), we show how to recover the corresponding extension between the two characters of G_{F_v} in terms of the action of GL_2(F_v) on the cohomology mod p.
This is is a survey of applications of Fontaine's theory of p-adic representations of local fields (Phi-Gamma-modules) to Galois cohomology of local fields and explicit formulas for the Hilbert symbol in relation with two-dimensional local objects.
Inspired by the Odlyzko root discriminant and Golod--Shafarevich $p$-group bounds, Martinet (1978) asked whether an imaginary quadratic number field $K/\mathbb{Q}$ must always have an infinite Hilbert $2$-class field tower when the class group of $K$ has $2$-rank $4$, or equivalently when the discriminant of $K$ has $5$ prime factors. No negative results are known. Benjamin (2001, 2002) and Sueyoshi (2004, 2009, 2010) systematically established infinite $2$-towers for many $K$ in question, by casework on the associated Rédei matrices. Others, notably Mouhib (2010), have also made progress, but…
The seminal papers in the field of root-discriminant bounds are those of Odlyzko and Martinet. Both papers include the question of whether the field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-5460})$ has finite or infinite $2$-class tower. This is a critical case that will either substantially lower the best known upper bound for lim inf of root-discriminants (if infinite) or else give a counter-example to what is often termed Martinet's conjecture or question (if finite). Using extensive computation and introducing some new techniques, we give strong evidence that the tower is in fact finite, establishing other prop…
Let $X$ be a projective, connected and smooth scheme defined over an algebraically closed field $k$. In this paper we prove that a tower of finite torsors (i.e., under the action of finite $k$-group schemes) can be dominated by a single finite torsor. Let $G$ be any finite $k$-group scheme and $Y$ any $G$--torsor over $X$ pointed in $y\,\in\, Y(k)$; we define over $Y$, which may not be reduced, in a very natural way the categories of Nori-semistable and essentially finite vector bundles. These categories are proved to be Tannakian. Their Galois $k$-group schemes $π^S(Y,\,y)$ and $π^N(Y,\,y)$, …
Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over $Q$, and $τ$ an Artin representation over $Q$ that factors through the non-abelian extension $Q(\sqrt[p^n]{m},μ_{p^n})/Q$, where $p$ is an odd prime and $n,m$ are positive integers. We show that $L(E,τ,1)$, the special value at $s=1$ of the $L$-function of the twist of $E$ by $τ$, divided by the classical transcendental period $Ω_{+}^{d^+}|Ω_{-}^{d^-}|ε(τ)$ is algebraic and Galois-equivariant, as predicted by Deligne's conjecture.
We study a natural question in the Iwasawa theory of algebraic curves of genus $>1$. Fix a prime number $p$. Let $X$ be a smooth, projective, geometrically irreducible curve defined over a number field $K$ of genus $g>1$, such that the Jacobian of $X$ has good ordinary reduction at the primes above $p$. Fix an odd prime $p$ and for any integer $n>1$, let $K_n^{(p)}$ denote the degree-$p^n$ extension of $K$ contained in $K(μ_{p^{\infty}})$. We prove explicit results for the growth of $\#X(K_n^{(p)})$ as $n\rightarrow \infty$. When the Jacobian of $X$ has rank zero and the associated adelic Galo…
We compute the arithmetic L-invariants (of Greenberg-Benois) of twists of symmetric powers of p-adic Galois representations attached to Iwahori level Hilbert modular forms (under some technical conditions). Our method uses the automorphy of symmetric powers and the study of analytic Galois representations on p-adic families of automorphic forms over symplectic and unitary groups. Combining these families with some explicit plethysm in the representation theory of GL(2), we construct global Galois cohomology classes with coefficients in the symmetric powers and provide formulae for the L-invari…
We consider the Galois group $G_2(K)$ of the maximal unramified $2$-extension of $K$ where $K/\mathbb{Q}$ is cyclic of degree $3$. We also consider the group $G^+_2(K)$ where ramification is allowed at infinity. In the spirit of the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics, we identify certain types of pro-$2$ group as the natural spaces where $G_2(K)$ and $G^+_2(K)$ live when the $2$-class group of $K$ is $2$-generated. While we do not have a theoretical scheme for assigning probabilities, we present data and make some observations and conjectures about the distribution of such groups.
Let $p$ be a prime. We define the deficiency of a finitely-generated pro-$p$ group $G$ to be $r(G)-d(G)$ where $d(G)$ is the minimal number of generators of $G$ and $r(G)$ is its minimal number of relations. For a number field $K$, let $K_\emptyset$ be the maximal unramified $p$-extension of $K$, with Galois group $G_\emptyset = Gal(K_\emptyset/K)$. In the 1960s, Shafarevich (and independently Koch) showed that the deficiency of $G_\emptyset$ satisfies $$0\leq \mathrm{Def}({\rm G}_\emptyset) \leq dim (O_K^\times/(O_K^{\times })^p),$$ relating the deficiency of $G_\emptyset$ to the $p$-rank of …
Let F be a totally real field and G=GSp(4)_{/F}. In this paper, we show under a weak assumption that, given a Hecke eigensystem lambda which is (p,P)-ordinary for a fixed parabolic P in G, there exists a several variable p-adic family underline{lambda} of Hecke eigensystems (all of them (p,P)-nearly ordinary) which contains lambda. The assumption is that lambda is cohomological for a regular coefficient system. If F=Q, the number of variables is three. Moreover, in this case, we construct the three variable p-adic family rho_{underline{lambda}} of Galois representations associated to underline…
We construct an Euler system -- a compatible family of global cohomology classes -- for the Galois representations appearing in the geometry of Hilbert modular surfaces. If a conjecture of Bloch and Kato on injectivity of regulator maps holds, this Euler system is non-trivial, and we deduce bounds towards the Iwasawa main conjecture for these Galois representations.
