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arXiv 1004.3630cs.GTcs.DS
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隐式支付计算的真实性机制

Truthful Mechanisms with Implicit Payment Computation

Moshe Babaioff, Robert D. Kleinberg, Aleksandrs Slivkins

摘要:

人们普遍认为,计算诱导真实出价所需的支付额比简单地计算分配额要困难得多。我们发现,事实恰恰相反:创建一个随机的真实机制基本上是一样容易的一个单一的调用单调分配规则。我们的主要结果是一个一般的程序,采取单调分配规则的单参数域,并将其转换(通过黑盒还原)到一个随机化的机制,是真实的期望和每个实现单独的理性。该机制实现了与原始分配规则相同的结果,概率任意接近1,并且只需要评估该分配规则一次。我们还提供了一个扩展的结果,多参数域和循环单调分配规则,温和的星凸性和非负性假设的类型空间和分配规则,分别。因为我们的简化是简单的,通用的,和一般的,它有许多应用程序的机制设计的问题,重新评估的分配规则是繁重的或信息不可能的。将我们的结果应用于多臂强盗问题,我们得到了真实的随机机制,其遗憾匹配的信息理论下限对数因子,即使以前的工作表明,这是不可能的真实的确定性机制。我们还提出了离线机制设计的应用程序,表明随机化可以规避确定性支付计算的通信复杂性下限,它也可以用来创建真实的最短路径拍卖近似的福利VCG分配任意好,同时具有相同的运行时间复杂度的Dijkstra算法。

英文摘要:

It is widely believed that computing payments needed to induce truthful bidding is somehow harder than simply computing the allocation. We show that the opposite is true: creating a randomized truthful mechanism is essentially as easy as a single call to a monotone allocation rule. Our main result is a general procedure to take a monotone allocation rule for a single-parameter domain and transform it (via a black-box reduction) into a randomized mechanism that is truthful in expectation and individually rational for every realization. The mechanism implements the same outcome as the original allocation rule with probability arbitrarily close to 1, and requires evaluating that allocation rule only once. We also provide an extension of this result to multi-parameter domains and cycle-monotone allocation rules, under mild star-convexity and non-negativity hypotheses on the type space and allocation rule, respectively. Because our reduction is simple, versatile, and general, it has many applications to mechanism design problems in which re-evaluating the allocation rule is either burdensome or informationally impossible. Applying our result to the multi-armed bandit problem, we obtain truthful randomized mechanisms whose regret matches the information-theoretic lower bound up to logarithmic factors, even though prior work showed this is impossible for truthful deterministic mechanisms. We also present applications to offline mechanism design, showing that randomization can circumvent a communication complexity lower bound for deterministic payments computation, and that it can also be used to create truthful shortest path auctions that approximate the welfare of the VCG allocation arbitrarily well, while having the same running time complexity as Dijkstra's algorithm.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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