Automorphisms of the canonical core UHF-subalgebra F_n of the Cuntz algebra O_n do not necessarily extend to automorphisms of O_n. Simple examples are discussed within the family of infinite tensor products of (inner) automorphisms of the matrix algebras M_n. In that case, necessary and sufficient conditions for the extension property are presented. It is also addressed the problem of extending to O_n the automorphisms of the diagonal D_n, which is a regular MASA with Cantor spectrum. In particular, it is shown the existence of product-type automorphisms of D_n that are not extensible to (possibly proper) endomorphisms of O_n.
It was shown recently by Conti, Rørdam and Szymański that there exist endomorphisms $λ_u$ of the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_n$ such that $λ_u (\mathcal{F}_n)\subseteq\mathcal{F}_n$ but $u\not\in\mathcal{F}_n$, and a question was raised if for such a $u$ there must always exist a unitary $v\in\mathcal{F}_n$ with $λ_u|_{\mathcal{F}_n} = λ_v|_{\mathcal{F}_n}$. In the present paper, we answer this question to the negative. To this end, we analyze the structure of such endomorphisms $λ_u$ for which the relative commutant $λ_u(\mathcal{F}_n)'\cap\mathcal{F}_n$ is finite dimensional.
In this paper we exploit the fact that a Cuntz C$^*$-algebra is a groupoid C$^*$-algebra to facilitate the study of non-self-adjoint subalgebras of $O_n$. The Cuntz groupoid is not principal and the spectral theorem for bimodules does not apply in full generality. We characterize the bimodules (over a natural masa) which are determined by their spectra in the Cuntz groupoid; these are exactly the ones which are invariant under the guage automorphisms and exactly the ones which are generated by the Cuntz partial isometries which they contain. We investigate analytic subalgebras of $O_n, n$ fini…
We investigate subalgebras $A$ of the Cuntz algebra ${\mathcal O}_n$ that arise as finite direct sums of corners of the UHF-subalgebra ${\mathcal F}_n$. For such an $A$, we completely determine its normalizer group inside ${\mathcal O}_n$.
We classify equivariant *-homomorphisms between C*-dynamical systems associated to actions of finite groups on C*-algebras with the Rokhlin property. In addition, the given actions are classified. An obstruction is obtained for the Cuntz semigroup of a C*-algebra allowing such an action. We also obtain an equivariant UHF-absorption result.
For every uncountable cardinal $κ$ there are $2^κ$ nonisomorphic simple AF algebras of density character $κ$ and $2^κ$ nonisomorphic hyperfinite II$_1$ factors of density character $κ$. These estimates are maximal possible. All C*-algebras that we construct have the same Elliott invariant and Cuntz semigroup as the CAR algebra.
We investigate the structure of the outer automorphism group of the Cuntz algebra and the closely related problem of conjugacy of MASAa in O_n. In particular, we exhibit an uncountable family of MASAs, conjugate to the standard MASA D_n via Bogolubov automorphisms, that are not inner conjugate to D_n.
We study the triangular subalgebras of UHF algebras which provide new examples of algebras with the Dirichlet property and the Ando property. This in turn allows us to describe the semicrossed product by an isometric automorphism. We also study the isometric automorphism group of these algebras and prove that it decomposes into the semidirect product of an abelian group by a torsion free group. Various other structure results are proven as well.
A UHF flow is an infinite tensor product type action of the reals on a UHF algebra $A$ and the flip automorphism is an automorphism of $A\otimes A$ sending $x\otimes y$ into $y\otimes x$. If $α$ is an inner perturbation of a UHF flow on $A$, there is a sequence $(u_n)$ of unitaries in $A\otimes A$ such that $α_t\otimes α_t(u_n)-u_n$ converges to zero and the flip is the limit of $\Ad u_n$. We consider here whether the converse holds or not and solve it with an additional assumption: If $A\otimes A\cong A$ and $α$ absorbs any UHF flow $β$ (i.e., $α\otimesβ$ is cocycle conjugate to $α$), then th…
Examples of (strongly continuous) one-parameter groups of automorphisms of UHF C*-algebras are given. One example has the property that the infinitesimal generator does not have a union of finite-dimensional subalgebras as a core. (This solves the so-called core problem, raised by S. Sakai, in the negative.) The other has the property of not being classical or commutative, i.e., the one-parameter group is not just an inner perturbation of a one-parameter group which has an increasing sequence of invariant finite-dimensional subalgebras with dense union. (This was certainly expected but has not…
Unital endomorphisms of the Cuntz algebra O_n which preserve the canonical UHF-subalgebra F_n of O_n are investigated. We give examples of such endomorphisms for which the associated unitary element in O_n does not belong to F_n. One such example, in the case where n=2, arises from a construction of a unital endomorphism on O_2 which preserves the canonical UHF-subalgebra and where the relative commutant of the image in O_2 contains a copy of O_2.
This mainly expository article is devoted to recent advances in the study of dynamical aspects of the Cuntz algebras O_n, with n finite, via their automorphisms and, more generally, endomorphisms. A combinatorial description of permutative automorphisms of O_n in terms of labeled, rooted trees is presented. This in turn gives rise to an algebraic characterization of the restricted Weyl group of O_n. It is shown how this group is related to certain classical dynamical systems on the Cantor set. An identification of the image in Out(O_n) of the restricted Weyl group with the group of automorphis…
The Cuntz-Toeplitz algebra $E_{n+1}$ for $n\geq1$ is the universal C*-algebra generated by $n+1$ isometries with mutually orthogonal ranges. In this paper, we investigate the automorphism groups of the Cuntz-Toeplitz algebras and determine their homotopy groups.
We initiate a detailed and systematic study of automorphisms of the Cuntz algebras $Ø_n$ which preserve both the diagonal and the core $UHF$-subalgebra. A general criterion of invertibility of endomorphisms yielding such automorphisms is given. Combinatorial investigations of endomorphisms related to permutation matrices are presented. Key objects entering this analysis are labeled rooted trees equipped with additional data. Our analysis provides insight into the structure of ${\rm Aut}(Ø_n)$ and leads to numerous new examples. In particular, we completely classify all such automorphisms of ${…
We survey recent results on endomorphisms and especially on automorphisms of the Cuntz algebras O_n, with a special emphasis on the structure of the Weyl group. We discuss endomorphisms globally preserving the diagonal MASA and their corresponding actions. In particular, we investigate those endomorphisms of O_n which restrict to automorphisms of the diagonal. We review a combinatorial approach to the study of permutative endomorphisms. All the presented material is put in context with current research topics.
We determine the group structure of the homotopy set whose target is the automorphism group of the Cuntz algebra $O_{n+1}$ for finite n in terms of K-theory. We show that there is an example of a space for which the homotopy set is a non-commutative group, and hence the classifying space of the automorphism group of the Cuntz algebra for finite n is not an H-space. We also make an improvement of Dadarlat's classification of continuous fields of the Cuntz algebras in terms of vector bundles.
Glimm's theorem says that a UHF algebra is almost embedded in a separable $C^*$-algebra not of type I. Applying his methods we obtain a covariant version of his result; a UHF algebra with a product type automorphism is covariantly embedded in such a $C^*$-algebra equipped with an automorphism with full Connes spectrum.
In this paper we investigate the normalizer $\mathcal{N}_{\mathcal{O}_{n}}(A)$ of a $C^{*}$-subalgebra $A\subset \mathcal{F}_{n}$ where $\mathcal{F}_{n}$ is the canonical UHF-subalgebra of type $n^{\infty}$ in the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_{n}$. Under the assumption that the relative commutant $A'\cap \mathcal{F}_{n}$ is finite-dimensional, we show several facts for normalizers of $A$. In particular it is shown that the automorphism group $\{{\rm Ad}u|_{A}\ \ |\ u\in \mathcal{N}_{\mathcal{F}_{n}}(A)\}$ has a finite index in $\{{\rm Ad}U|_{A}\ \ |\ U\in \mathcal{N}_{\mathcal{O}_{n}}(A)\}$.
We show that an outer action of a finite abelian group on a simple Cuntz-Krieger algebra is strongly approximately inner in the sense of Izumi if the action is given by diagonal quasi-free automorphisms and the associated matrix is aperiodic. This is achieved by an approximate cohomology vanishing-type argument for the canonical shift restricted to the relative commutant of the set of domain projections of the canonical generating isometries in the fixed point algebra.
It is shown that, modulo the automorphisms which fix the canonical diagonal MASA point-wise, the group of those automorphisms of the Cuntz algebra O_n which globally preserve both the diagonal and the core UHF-subalgebra is isomorphic, via restriction, with the group of those homeomorphisms of the full one-sided n-shift space which eventually commute along with their inverses with the shift transformation. The image of this group in the outer automorphism group of O_n can be embedded into the quotient of the automorphism group of the full two-sided n-shift by its center, generated by the shift…
The Weyl group of the Cuntz algebra O_n, with n finite, is investigated. This is (isomorphic to) the group of polynomial automorphisms of O_n, namely those induced by unitaries that can be written as finite sums of words in the canonical generating isometries and their adjoints. A necessary and sufficient algorithmic combinatorial condition is found for deciding when a polynomial endomorphism restricts to an automorphism of the canonical diagonal MASA. Some steps towards a general criterion for invertibility of such endomorphisms on the whole of O_n are also taken. A condition for verifying in…
We completely determine the localized automorphisms of the Cuntz algebras $O_n$ corresponding to permutation matrices in $M_n \otimes M_n$ for $n=3$ and $n=4$. This result is obtained through a combination of general combinatorial techniques and large scale computer calculations. Our analysis proceeds according to the general scheme proposed in a previous paper, where we analyzed in detail the case of $O_2$ using labeled rooted trees. We also discuss those proper endomorphisms of these Cuntz algebras which restrict to automorphisms of their respective diagonals. In the case of $O_3$ we compute…
We investigate the structure of the fixed-point algebra of $\mathcal{O}_n$ under the action of the cyclic permutation of the generating isometries. We prove that it is $*$-isomorphic with $\mathcal{O}_n$, thus generalizing a result of Choi and Latrémolière on $\mathcal{O}_2$. As an application of the technique employed, we also describe the fixed-point algebra of $\mathcal{O}_{2n}$ under the exchange automorphism.
We prove that the natural homomorphism from Kirchberg's ideal-related KK-theory, KKE(e, e'), with one specified ideal, into Hom_Λ (\underline{K}_{E} (e), \underline{K}_{E} (e')) is an isomorphism for all extensions e and e' of separable, nuclear C*-algebras in the bootstrap category N with the K-groups of the associated cyclic six term exact sequence being finitely generated, having zero exponential map and with the K_{1}-groups of the quotients being free abelian groups. This class includes all Cuntz-Krieger algebras with exactly one non-trivial ideal. Combining our results with the results o…
Given a zero-one matrix A we consider certain one-parameter groups of automorphisms of the Cuntz-Krieger algebra O_A, generalizing the usual gauge group, and depending on a positive continuous function H defined on the Markov space Σ_A. The main result consists of an application of Ruelle's Perron-Frobenius Theorem to show that these automorphism groups admit a single KMS state.
Based on an embedding formula of the CAR algebra into the Cuntz algebra ${\mathcal O}_{2^p}$, properties of the CAR algebra are studied in detail by restricting those of the Cuntz algebra. Various $\ast$-endomorphisms of the Cuntz algebra are explicitly constructed, and transcribed into those of the CAR algebra. In particular, a set of $\ast$-endomorphisms of the CAR algebra into its even subalgebra are constructed. According to branching formulae, which are obtained by composing representations and $\ast$-endomorphisms, it is shown that a KMS state of the CAR algebra is obtained through the a…
A trace $τ$ on a separable C*-algebra $A$ is called matricial field (MF) if there is a trace-preserving morphism from $A$ to $Q_ω$, where $Q_ω$ denotes the norm ultrapower of the universal UHF-algebra $Q$. In general, the trace $τ$ induces a state on the Cuntz semigroup $Cu(A)$. We show there is always a state-preserving morphism from $Cu(A)$ to $Cu(Q_ω)$. As an application, if $A$ is an AI-algebra and $F$ is a free group acting on $A$, then every trace on the reduced crossed product $A \rtimes F$ is MF. This further implies the same result when $A$ is an AH-algebra with the ideal property suc…
We prove that every AF-algebra is isomorphic to a crossed product of a commutative AF-algebra by a partial automorphism. The case of UHF-algebras is treated in detail.
We show that if $A$ is $\mathcal{Z}$, $\mathcal{O}_2$, $\mathcal{O}_{\infty}$, a UHF algebra of infinite type, or the tensor product of a UHF algebra of infinite type and $\mathcal{O}_{\infty}$, then the conjugation action $\mathrm{Aut}(A) \curvearrowright \mathrm{Aut}(A)$ is generically turbulent for the point-norm topology. We moreover prove that if $A$ is either (i) a separable C*-algebra which is stable under tensoring with $\mathcal{Z}$ or $\mathcal{K}$, or (ii) a separable ${\mathrm{II}}_1$ factor which is McDuff or a free product of ${\mathrm{II}}_1$ factors, then the approximately inne…
We prove that the automorphism group of a Cuntz algebra of finite order acts transitively on the set of pure states which are invariant under some gauge actions (which may depend on the states). The question of whether any pure state is invariant under some gauge action is left open, but for the senigroups of unital endomorphisms stronger transitivity properties can be established witout knowing the answer of this question.
For $p \in [1, \infty),$ we define and study full and reduced crossed products of algebras of operators on $σ$-finite $L^p$ spaces by isometric actions of second countable locally compact groups. We give universal properties for both crossed products. When the group is abelian, we prove the existence of a dual action on the full and reduced $L^p$ operator crossed products. When the group is discrete, we construct a conditional expectation to the original algebra which is faithful in a suitable sense. For a free action of a discrete group on a compact metric space $X,$ we identify all traces on…
We will prove that one-sided topological Markov shifts $(X_A,σ_A)$ and $(X_B,σ_B)$ for matrices $A$ and $B$ with entries in $\{0,1\}$ are topologically orbit equivalent if and only if there exists an isomorphism between the Cuntz-Krieger algebras ${\Cal O}_A$ and ${\Cal O}_B$ keeping their commutative $C^*$-subalgerbas $C(X_A)$ and $C(X_B)$. It is also equivalent to the condition that there exists a homeomorphism from $X_A$ to $X_B$ intertwining their topological full groups. We will also study structure of the automorphisms of ${\Cal O}_A$ keeping the commutative $C^*$-algebra $C(X_A)$.
We construct Hopf algebra isomorphisms of discrete multiplier Hopf C*-algebras, and Hopf AF C*-algebras (generalized quantum UHF algebras), from K-theoretical data. Some of the intermediate results are of independent interest, such as a result that Jordan maps of Hopf algebras intertwine antipodes, and the applications to automorphisms of Hopf algebras.
The algebraic Cuntz-Pimsner rings are naturally $\mathbb{Z}$-graded rings that generalize both Leavitt path algebras and unperforated $\mathbb{Z}$-graded Steinberg algebras. We classify strongly, epsilon-strongly and nearly epsilon-strongly graded algebraic Cuntz-Pimsner rings up to graded isomorphism. As an application, we characterize noetherian and artinian fractional skew monoid rings by a single corner automorphism.
Using free probability constructions involving Cuntz-Pimsner C*-algebras we show that the topological entropy of the free product of two automorphisms is equal to the maximum of the individual entropies. As applications we show that general free shifts have entropy zero. We show that any nuclear C*-dynamical system admits an entropy preserving covariant embedding into the Cuntz algebra on infinitely many generators. It follows that any simple nuclear purely infinite C*-algebra admits an automorphism with any given value of entropy. As a final application we show that if two automorphisms satis…
For a large class of C*-algebras $A$, we calculate the $K$-theory of reduced crossed products $A^{\otimes G}\rtimes_rG$ of Bernoulli shifts by groups satisfying the Baum--Connes conjecture. In particular, we give explicit formulas for finite-dimensional C*-algebras, UHF-algebras, rotation algebras, and several other examples. As an application, we obtain a formula for the $K$-theory of reduced C*-algebras of wreath products $H\wr G$ for large classes of groups $H$ and $G$. Our methods use a generalization of techniques developed by the second named author together with Joachim Cuntz and Xin Li…
We show how the fine structure in shift-tail equivalence, appearing in the noncommutative geometry of Cuntz-Krieger algebras developed by the first two authors, has an analogue in a wide range of other Cuntz-Pimsner algebras. To illustrate this structure, and where it appears, we produce an unbounded representative of the defining extension of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra constructed from a finitely generated projective bi-Hilbertian module, extending work by the third author with Robertson and Sims. As an application, our construction yields new spectral triples for Cuntz- and Cuntz-Krieger alge…
Trace scaling automorphisms of stable AF algebras with dimension group totally ordered are outer conjugate if the scaling factors are the same (not equal to one). This is an adaptation of a similar result for the AFD type II_infty factor by Connes and extends the previous result for stable UHF algebras.
We study representations of the Cuntz algebras O_d and their associated decompositions. In the case that these representations are irreducible, their restrictions to the gauge-invariant subalgebra UHF_d have an interesting cyclic structure. If S_i, 1 \leq i \leq d, are representatives of the Cuntz relations on a Hilbert space H, special attention is given to the subspaces which are invariant under S_i^*. The applications include wavelet multiresolutions corresponding to wavelets of compact support (to appear in the later paper \cite{BEJ97}), and finitely correlated states on one-dimensional qu…
Let H be a full Hilbert bimodule over a C*-algebra A. We show that the Cuntz-Pimsner C*-algebra associated to H is exact if and only if A is exact. Using this result, we give alternative proofs for exactness of reduced amalgamated free products of exact C*-algebras. In the case that A is a finite dimensional C*-algebra, we also show that the Brown-Voiculescu topological entropy of Bogljubov automorphisms of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra associated to an A,A Hilbert bimodule is zero.
We study a class of representations of the Cuntz algebras O_N, N=2,3,..., acting on L^2(T) where T=R/2πZ. The representations arise in wavelet theory, but are of independent interest. We find and describe the decomposition into irreducibles, and show how the O_N-irreducibles decompose when restricted to the subalgebra UHF_N\subset O_N of gauge-invariant elements; and we show that the whole structure is accounted for by arithmetic and combinatorial properties of the integers Z. We have general results on a class of representations of O_N on Hilbert space H such that the generators S_i as operat…
We investigate the structure of the automorphism of $\mathcal{O}_{2}$ which exchanges the two canonical isometries. Our main observation is that the fixed point C*-subalgebra for this action is isomorphic to $\mathcal{O}_{2}$ and we detail the relationship between the crossed-product and fixed point subalgebra.
We study distinguished subalgebras and automorphisms of boundary quotients arising from algebraic dynamical systems $(G,P,θ)$. Our work includes a complete solution to the problem of extending Bogolubov automorphisms from the Cuntz algebra in $2 \leq p<\infty$ generators to the $p$-adic ring $C^*$-algebra. For the case where $P$ is abelian and $C^*(G)$ is a maximal abelian subalgebra, we establish a picture for the automorphisms of the boundary quotient that fix $C^*(G)$ pointwise. This allows us to show that they form a maximal abelian subgroup of the entire automorphism group. The picture al…
From a system consisting of a right non-degenerate ring $R$, a pair of $R$-bimodules $Q$ and $P$ and an $R$-bimodule homomorphism $ψ:P\otimes Q\longrightarrow R$ we construct a $\Z$-graded ring $\mathcal{T}_{(P,Q,ψ)}$ called the Toeplitz ring and (for certain systems) a $\Z$-graded quotient $\mathcal{O}_{(P,Q,ψ)}$ of $\mathcal{T}_{(P,Q,ψ)}$ called the Cuntz-Pimsner ring. These rings are the algebraic analogs of the Toeplitz $C^*$-algebra and the Cuntz-Pimsner $C^*$-algebra associated to a $C^*$-correspondence (also called a Hilbert bimodule). This new construction generalizes for example the a…
Let ${\sf CK}_{*}$ denote the C$^{*}$-algebra defined by the direct sum of all Cuntz-Krieger algebras. We introduce a comultiplication $Δ_ϕ$ and a counit $ε$ on ${\sf CK}_{*}$ such that $Δ_ϕ$ is a nondegenerate $*$-homomorphism from ${\sf CK}_{*}$ to ${\sf CK}_{*}\otimes {\sf CK}_{*}$ and $ε$ is a $*$-homomorphism from ${\sf CK}_{*}$ to ${\bf C}$. From this, ${\sf CK}_{*}$ is a counital non-commutative non-cocommutative C$^{*}$-bialgebra. Furthermore, C$^{*}$-bialgebra automorphisms, a tensor product of representations and C$^{*}$-subbialgebras of ${\sf CK}_{*}$ are investigated.
This paper presents, by example, an index theory appropriate to algebras without trace. Whilst we work exclusively with the Cuntz algebras the exposition is designed to indicate how to develop a general theory. Our main result is an index theorem (formulated in terms of spectral flow) using a twisted cyclic cocycle where the twisting comes from the modular automorphism group for the canonical gauge action on the Cuntz algebra. We introduce a modified $K_1$-group of the Cuntz algebra so as to pair with this twisted cocycle. As a corollary we obtain a noncommutative geometry interpretation for A…
We show that outer approximately represenbtable actions of a finite cyclic group on UCT Kirchberg algebras satisfy a certain quasi-freeness type property if the corresponding crossed products satisfy the UCT and absorb a suitable UHF algebra tensorially. More concretely, we prove that for such an action there exists an inverse semigroup of homogeneous partial isometries that generates the ambient C*-algebra and whose idempotent semilattice generates a Cartan subalgebra. We prove a similar result for actions of finite cyclic groups with the Rokhlin property on UCT Kirchberg algebras absorbing a…
The problem of inner vs outer conjugacy of subalgebras of certain graph C*-algebras is investigated. For a large class of finite graphs E, we show that whenever $α$ is a vertex-fixing quasi-free automorphism of the corresponding graph C*-algebra C*(E) such that α(\D_E)\neq\D_E, where \D_E is the canonical MASA in C*(E), then α(\D_E)\neq w\D_E w^* for all unitaries w\in C*(E). That is, the two MASAs \D_E and α(\D_E) of C*(E) are outer but not inner conjugate. Passing to an isomorphic C*-algebra by changing the underlying graph makes this result applicable to certain non quasi-free automorphisms…
We show that a tensor product among representation of certain C$^{*}$-algebras induces a bialgebra. Let $\tilde{\cal O}_{*}$ be the smallest unitization of the direct sum of Cuntz algebras \[{\cal O}_{*}\equiv {\bf C}\oplus {\cal O}_{2}\oplus {\cal O}_{3}\oplus{\cal O}_{4}\oplus ....\] We show that there exists a non-cocommutative comultiplication $Δ$ and a counit $ε$ of $\tilde{\cal O}_{*}$. From $Δ,\vep$ and the standard algebraic structure, $\tilde{\cal O}_{*}$ is a C$^{*}$-bialgebra. Furthermore we show the following: (i) The antipode on $\tilde{\cal O}_{*}$ never exist. (ii) There exists …
We investigate the relationship between endomorphisms of the Cuntz algebra ${\mathcal O}_2$ and endomorphisms of the Thompson groups $F$, $T$ and $V$ represented inside the unitary group of ${\mathcal O}_2$. For an endomorphism $λ_u$ of ${\mathcal O}_2$, we show that $λ_u(V)\subseteq V$ if and only if $u\in V$. If $λ_u$ is an automorphism of ${\mathcal O}_2$ then $u\in V$ is equivalent to $λ_u(F)\subseteq V$. Our investigations are facilitated by introduction of the concept of modestly scaling endomorphism of ${\mathcal O}_n$, whose properties and examples are investigated.
