This mainly expository article is devoted to recent advances in the study of dynamical aspects of the Cuntz algebras O_n, with n finite, via their automorphisms and, more generally, endomorphisms. A combinatorial description of permutative automorphisms of O_n in terms of labeled, rooted trees is presented. This in turn gives rise to an algebraic characterization of the restricted Weyl group of O_n. It is shown how this group is related to certain classical dynamical systems on the Cantor set. An identification of the image in Out(O_n) of the restricted Weyl group with the group of automorphisms of the full two-sided n-shift is given, for prime n, providing an answer to a question raised by Cuntz in 1980. Furthermore, we discuss proper endomorphisms of O_n which preserve either the canonical UHF-subalgebra or the diagonal MASA, and present methods for constructing exotic examples of such endomorphisms.
The problem of existence of standard (i.e. product-type) invariant MASAs for endomorphisms of the Cuntz algebra O_n is studied. In particular endomorphisms which preserve the canonical diagonal MASA D_n are investigated. Conditions on a unitary in O_n equivalent to the fact that the corresponding endomorphism preserves D_n are found, and it is shown that they may be satisfied by unitaries which do not normalize D_n. Unitaries giving rise to endomorphisms which leave all standard MASAs invariant and have identical actions on them are characterized. Finally some properties of examples of finite-…
Noncommutative topological entropy estimates are obtained for polynomial gauge invariant endomorphisms of Cuntz algebras, generalising known results for the canonical shift endomorphisms. Exact values for the entropy are computed for a class of permutative endomorphisms related to branching function systems introduced and studied by Bratteli, Jorgensen and Kawamura.
It is shown that Voiculescu's toplogical entropy for the canonical endomorphism of a simple Cuntz-Krieger algebra O_A equals the logarithm of the spectral radius of A.
A study of noncommutative topological entropy of gauge invariant endomorphisms of Cuntz algebras began in our earlier work with Joachim Zacharias is continued and extended to endomorphisms which are not necessarily of permutation type. In particular it is shown that if H is an N-dimensional Hilbert space, V is an irreducible multiplicative unitary on the tensor product of H with itself and F is the tensor flip, then the Voiculescu entropy of the Longo's canonical endomorphism associated with the unitary VF is equal to log N.
Based on the fact that the Cuntz algebra $O_n$ is generated by the operators consisting of a finite operatorional partition, we study the notion of operational extreme points (which we introduce here) by using several completely positive maps on $O_n$. As a typical example, we show that the Cuntz's canonical endomorphism $Phi_n$ is an operational extreme point in the set of completely positive maps on $O_n$ and that it induces a completely positive map which is extreme but not operational extreme, etc.
We survey recent results on endomorphisms and especially on automorphisms of the Cuntz algebras O_n, with a special emphasis on the structure of the Weyl group. We discuss endomorphisms globally preserving the diagonal MASA and their corresponding actions. In particular, we investigate those endomorphisms of O_n which restrict to automorphisms of the diagonal. We review a combinatorial approach to the study of permutative endomorphisms. All the presented material is put in context with current research topics.
In our previous articles, we have presented a class of endomorphisms of the Cuntz algebras which are defined by polynomials of canonical generators and their conjugates. We showed the classification of some case under unitary equivalence by help of branching laws of permutative representations. In this article, we construct an automaton which is called the Mealy machine associated with the endomorphism in order to compute its branching law. We show that the branching law is obtained as outputs from the machine for the input of information of a given representation.
We investigate the relationship between endomorphisms of the Cuntz algebra ${\mathcal O}_2$ and endomorphisms of the Thompson groups $F$, $T$ and $V$ represented inside the unitary group of ${\mathcal O}_2$. For an endomorphism $λ_u$ of ${\mathcal O}_2$, we show that $λ_u(V)\subseteq V$ if and only if $u\in V$. If $λ_u$ is an automorphism of ${\mathcal O}_2$ then $u\in V$ is equivalent to $λ_u(F)\subseteq V$. Our investigations are facilitated by introduction of the concept of modestly scaling endomorphism of ${\mathcal O}_n$, whose properties and examples are investigated.
It was shown recently by Conti, Rørdam and Szymański that there exist endomorphisms $λ_u$ of the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_n$ such that $λ_u (\mathcal{F}_n)\subseteq\mathcal{F}_n$ but $u\not\in\mathcal{F}_n$, and a question was raised if for such a $u$ there must always exist a unitary $v\in\mathcal{F}_n$ with $λ_u|_{\mathcal{F}_n} = λ_v|_{\mathcal{F}_n}$. In the present paper, we answer this question to the negative. To this end, we analyze the structure of such endomorphisms $λ_u$ for which the relative commutant $λ_u(\mathcal{F}_n)'\cap\mathcal{F}_n$ is finite dimensional.
A unitary equivalence class of endomorphisms of a unital C$^{*}$-algebra ${\cal A}$ is called a {\it sector} of ${\cal A}$. We introduced permutative endomorphisms of the Cuntz algebra ${\cal O}_N$ in the previous work. Branching laws of permutative representations of ${\cal O}_N$ by them are computed by directed regular graphs. In this article, we classify sectors associated with permutative endomorphisms of ${\cal O}_N$ by their graph invariants concretely.
Based on an embedding formula of the CAR algebra into the Cuntz algebra ${\mathcal O}_{2^p}$, properties of the CAR algebra are studied in detail by restricting those of the Cuntz algebra. Various $\ast$-endomorphisms of the Cuntz algebra are explicitly constructed, and transcribed into those of the CAR algebra. In particular, a set of $\ast$-endomorphisms of the CAR algebra into its even subalgebra are constructed. According to branching formulae, which are obtained by composing representations and $\ast$-endomorphisms, it is shown that a KMS state of the CAR algebra is obtained through the a…
Starting from an arbitrary endomorphism αof a unital C*-algebra A we construct a crossed product. It is shown that the natural construction depends not only on the C*-dynamical system (A,α) but also on the choice of an ideal orthogonal to kernel of α. The article gives an explicit description of the internal structure of this crossed product and, in particular, discusses the interrelation between relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebras and partial isometric crossed products. We present a canonical procedure that reduces any given C*-correspondence to the 'smallest' C*-correspondence yielding the same …
It is shown that, modulo the automorphisms which fix the canonical diagonal MASA point-wise, the group of those automorphisms of the Cuntz algebra O_n which globally preserve both the diagonal and the core UHF-subalgebra is isomorphic, via restriction, with the group of those homeomorphisms of the full one-sided n-shift space which eventually commute along with their inverses with the shift transformation. The image of this group in the outer automorphism group of O_n can be embedded into the quotient of the automorphism group of the full two-sided n-shift by its center, generated by the shift…
The Weyl group of the Cuntz algebra O_n, with n finite, is investigated. This is (isomorphic to) the group of polynomial automorphisms of O_n, namely those induced by unitaries that can be written as finite sums of words in the canonical generating isometries and their adjoints. A necessary and sufficient algorithmic combinatorial condition is found for deciding when a polynomial endomorphism restricts to an automorphism of the canonical diagonal MASA. Some steps towards a general criterion for invertibility of such endomorphisms on the whole of O_n are also taken. A condition for verifying in…
Previously, we have shown that the CAR algebra for fermions is embedded in the Cuntz algebra ${\cal O}_{2}$ in such a way that the generators are expressed in terms of polynomials in the canonical generators of the latter, and it coincides with the U(1)-fixed point subalgebra ${\cal A}\equiv {\cal O}_{2}^{U(1)}$ of ${\cal O}_{2}$ for the canonical gauge action. Based on this embedding formula, some properties of ${\cal A}$ are studied in detail by restricting those of ${\cal O}_{2}$. Various endomorphisms of ${\cal O}_{2}$, which are defined by polynomials in the canonical generators, are expl…
We initiate a detailed and systematic study of automorphisms of the Cuntz algebras $Ø_n$ which preserve both the diagonal and the core $UHF$-subalgebra. A general criterion of invertibility of endomorphisms yielding such automorphisms is given. Combinatorial investigations of endomorphisms related to permutation matrices are presented. Key objects entering this analysis are labeled rooted trees equipped with additional data. Our analysis provides insight into the structure of ${\rm Aut}(Ø_n)$ and leads to numerous new examples. In particular, we completely classify all such automorphisms of ${…
We introduce a nonsymmetric, associative tensor product among representations of Cuntz algebras by using embeddings. We show the decomposition formulae of tensor products for permutative representations explicitly We apply decomposition formulae to determine properties of endomorphisms.
Automorphisms of the canonical core UHF-subalgebra F_n of the Cuntz algebra O_n do not necessarily extend to automorphisms of O_n. Simple examples are discussed within the family of infinite tensor products of (inner) automorphisms of the matrix algebras M_n. In that case, necessary and sufficient conditions for the extension property are presented. It is also addressed the problem of extending to O_n the automorphisms of the diagonal D_n, which is a regular MASA with Cantor spectrum. In particular, it is shown the existence of product-type automorphisms of D_n that are not extensible to (poss…
There are many different crossed products by an endomorphism of a C*-algebra, and constructions by Exel and Stacey have proved particularly useful. Here we show that every Exel crossed product is isomorphic to a Stacey crossed product (though by a different endomorphism of a different C*-algebra), that every Stacey crossed product is an Exel crossed product, and answer some questions raised by Ionescu and Muhly. While this manuscript is not yet in its final form(s) several people have already used our results, so we are posting it now.
In this work we construct a C*-algebra from an injective endomorphisms of some group G, allowing the endomorphism to have infinite cokernel. We generalize results obtained by I. Hirshberg and also by J. Cuntz and A. Vershik. In good cases we show that the C*-algebra that we study is classifiable by Kirchberg's classification theorem, with K-groups equal to K*(C*(G)).
We prove that the automorphism group of a Cuntz algebra of finite order acts transitively on the set of pure states which are invariant under some gauge actions (which may depend on the states). The question of whether any pure state is invariant under some gauge action is left open, but for the senigroups of unital endomorphisms stronger transitivity properties can be established witout knowing the answer of this question.
We show that a class of ergodic transformations on a probability measure space $(X,μ)$ extends to a representation of $\mathcal{B}(L^2(X,μ))$ that is both implemented by a Cuntz family and ergodic. This class contains several known examples, which are unified in this work. During the analysis of the existence and uniqueness of such a Cuntz family we give several results of individual interest. Most notably we prove a decomposition of $X$ for $N$-to-one local homeomorphisms that is connected to the orthonormal basis of Hilbert modules. We remark that the trivial Hilbert module of the Cuntz alge…
In this paper we show that the Cuntz algebra can be represented as a C*-crossed product by endomorphism of the canonical anticommutation relations (CAR) algebra, generated by the standard recursive fermion system.
We study the Cuntz semigroup for non-simple $\text{C}^*$-algebras in this paper. In particular, we use the extended Elliott invariant to characterize the Cuntz comparison for $\text{C}^*$-algebras with the projection property which have only one ideal.
We propose a generalisation of Exel's crossed product by a single endomorphism and a transfer operator to the case of actions of abelian semigroups of endomorphisms and associated transfer operators. The motivating example for our definition yields new crossed products, not obviously covered by familiar theory. Our technical machinery builds on Fowler's theory of Toeplitz and Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of discrete product systems of Hilbert bimodules, which we need to expand to cover a natural notion of relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of product systems.
We consider Exel's new construction of a crossed product of a C*-algebra A by an endomorphism α. We prove that this crossed product is universal for an appropriate family of covariant representations, and we show that it can be realised as a relative Cuntz-Pimsner algbera. We describe a necessary and sufficient condition for the canonical map from A into the crossed product to be injective, and present several examples to demonstrate the scope of this result. We also prove a gauge-invariant uniqueness theorem for the crossed product.
We will characterize topological conjugate one-sided topological Markov shifts in terms of their subgroups of continuous full groups and subalgebras of Cuntz--Krieger algebras.
We show that any faithful quasi-free actions of a finite group on the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_\infty$ are mutually conjugate, and that they are asymptotically representable.
We study the Pimsner algebra associated with the module of continuous sections of a Hilbert bundle, and prove that it is a continuous bundle of Cuntz algebras. We discuss the role of such Pimsner algebras w.r.t. the notion of inner endomorphism. Furthermore, we study bundles of Cuntz algebras carrying a global circle action, and assign to them a class in the representable KK-group of the zero-grade bundle. We compute such class for the Pimsner algebra of a vector bundle.
We initiate a systematic investigation of endomorphisms of graph C*-algebras C*(E), extending several known results on endomorphisms of the Cuntz algebras O_n. Most but not all of this study is focused on endomorphisms which permute the vertex projections and globally preserve the diagonal MASA D_E of C*(E). Our results pertain both automorphisms and proper endomorphisms. Firstly, the Weyl group and the restricted Weyl group of a graph C*-algebra are introduced and investigated. In particular, criteria of outerness for automorphisms in the restricted Weyl group are found. We also show that the…
We describe the flows of weights for von Neumann algebras arising from KMS states for the gauge actions of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebras in terms of Poisson (tail) boundaries.
We will characterize topological conjugacy classes of one-sided topological Markov shifts in terms of the associated Cuntz--Krieger algebras and its gauge actions with potentials.
The article discusses the interrelation between relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebras and partial isometric crossed products, and presents a procedure that reduces any given Hilbert bimodule to the "smallest" Hilbert bimodule yielding the same relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebra as the initial one. In the context of crossed products this reduction procedure corresponds to reduction of C*-dynamical systems.
We give a new definition for the crossed-product of a C*-algebra A by a *-endomorphism α, which depends not only on the pair (A,α) but also on the choice of a transfer operator (defined in the paper). With this we generalize some of the earlier constructions in the situations in which they behave best (e.g. for monomorphisms with hereditary range), but we get a different and perhaps more natural outcome in other situations. For example, we show that the Cuntz-Krieger algebra O_A arises as the result of our construction when applied to the corresponding Markov subshift and a very natural transf…
We investigate the structure of the outer automorphism group of the Cuntz algebra and the closely related problem of conjugacy of MASAa in O_n. In particular, we exhibit an uncountable family of MASAs, conjugate to the standard MASA D_n via Bogolubov automorphisms, that are not inner conjugate to D_n.
In this paper, we apply the theory of inverse semigroups to the $C^{*}$-algebra $U[\mathbb{Z}]$ considered in \cite{Cuntz}. We show that the $C^{*}$-algebra $U[\mathbb{Z}]$ is generated by an inverse semigroup of partial isometries. We explicity identify the groupoid $\mathcal{G}_{tight}$ associated to the inverse semigroup and show that $\mathcal{G}_{tight}$ is exactly the same groupoid obtained in \cite{Cuntz-Li}.
For an arbitrary state $ω$ on a Cuntz algebra, we define a number $1\leq κ(ω)\leq \infty$ such that if the GNS representations of $ω$ and $ω'$ are unitarily equivalent, then $κ(ω)=κ(ω')$. By using $κ$, we define minimal states and it is shown that the classification problem of states is reduced to that of minimal states. By using results of Dutkay, Haussermann, and Jorgensen, we give a sufficient condition of the minimality of a state. Properties of $κ$ and examples are shown. As an application, a new invariant of a certain class of endomorphisms of ${\cal B}({\cal H})$ is given.
We will study torus actions on Cuntz--Krieger algebras trivially acting on its canonical maximal abelian $C^*$-subalgebras from the view points of continuous orbit equivalence of one-sided topological Markov shifts and flow equivalence of two-sided topological Markov shifts.
We compute the $K$-groups for the Cuntz-Krieger algebras $\mathcal{O}_{A_{\mathcal{K}(f_μ)}}$, where $A_{\mathcal{K}(f_μ)}$ is the Markov transition matrix arising from the \textit{kneading sequence }$\mathcal{K} (f_μ)$ of the one-parameter family of real quadratic maps $f_μ$.
In this paper, we study a family of $C^*$-subalgebras defined by fixed points of generalized gauge actions of a Cuntz-Krieger algebra, by introducing a family of étale groupoids whose associated $C^*$-algebras are these $C^*$-subalgebras. We know that topological conjugacy classes of one-sided topological Markov shifts are characterized in terms of the isomorphism classes of these étale groupoids.
We introduce a bivariant version of the Cuntz semigroup as equivalence classes of order zero maps generalizing the ordinary Cuntz semigroup. The theory has many properties formally analogous to KK-theory including a composition product. We establish basic properties, like additivity, stability and continuity, and study categorical aspects in the setting of local C*-algebras. We determine the bivariant Cuntz semigroup for numerous examples such as when the second algebra is a Kirchberg algebra, and Cuntz homology for compact Hausdorff spaces which provides a complete invariant. Moreover, we est…
To every $C^*$ correspondence over a $C^*$-algebra one can associate a Cuntz-Pimsner algebra generalizing crossed product constructions, graph $C^*$-algebras, and a host of other classes of operator algebras. Cuntz-Pimsner algebras come equipped with a `gauge action' by the circle group and its finite subgroups. For unital Cuntz-Pimsner algebras, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the gauge actions (by either the circle or its closed subgroups) to be free.
For an irreducible non-permutation matrix $A$, the triplet $({\mathcal{O}_A},{\mathcal{D}_A},ρ^A)$ for the Cuntz-Krieger algebra ${\mathcal{O}_A}$, its canonical maximal abelian $C^*$-subalgebra ${\mathcal{D}_A}$, and its gauge action $ρ^A$ is called the Cuntz-Krieger triplet. We introduce a notion of strong Morita equivalence in the Cuntz-Krieger triplets, and prove that two Cuntz-Krieger triplets $({\mathcal{O}_A},{\mathcal{D}_A},ρ^A)$ and $({\mathcal{O}_B},{\mathcal{D}_B},ρ^B)$ are strong Morita equivalent if and only if $A$ and $B$ are strong shift equivalent. We also show that the general…
We prove that if two nonnegative matrices are strong shift equivalent, the associated stable Cuntz-Krieger algebras with generalized gauge actions are conjugate. The proof is done by a purely functional analytic method and based on constructing imprimitivity bimodule from bipartite directed graphs through strong shift equivalent matrices, so that we may clarify K-theoretic behavior of the stable conjugacy between the associated stable Cuntz-Krieger algebras. We also examine our machinery for the matrices obtained by state splitting graphs, so that topological conjugacy of the topological Marko…
We study KMS states for gauge actions with potential functions on Cuntz--Krieger algebras whose underlying one-sided topological Markov shifts are continuous orbit equivalent. As a result, we have a certain relationship between topological entropy of continuous orbit equivalent one-sided topological Markov shifts.
By using C*-correspondences and Cuntz-Pimsner algebras, we associate to every subshift (also called a shift space) $X$ a C*-algebra $O_X$, which is a generalization of the Cuntz-Krieger algebras. We show that $O_X$ is the universal C*-algebra generated by partial isometries satisfying relations given by $X$. We also show that $O_X$ is a one-sided conjugacy invariant of $X$.
It is proved that for every ICC group which is embeddable into a hyperbolic group, the reduced group C*-algebra is realized as the intersection of a decreasing sequence of isomorphs of the Cuntz algebra O_2. The proof is based on the study of amenable quotients of the boundary actions.
We study the $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal{T}/\mathcal{K}$ where $\mathcal{T}$ is the $C^*$-algebra generated by $d$ weighted shifts on the Fock space of $\mathbb{C}^d$, $\mathcal{F}(\mathbb{C}^d)$, ( where the weights are given by a sequence $\{Z_k\}$ of matrices $Z_k\in M_{d^k}(\mathbb{C})$) and $\mathcal{K}$ is the algebra of compact operators on the Fock space. If $Z_k=I$ for every $k$, $\mathcal{T}/\mathcal{K}$ is the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_d$. We show that $\mathcal{T}/\mathcal{K}$ is isomorphic to a Cuntz-Pimsner algebra and use it to find conditions for the algebra to be simple. We prese…
To a representation of $Ø_N$ (the Cuntz algebra with $N$ generators) we associate a projection valued measure and we study the case when this measure has atoms. The main technical tool are the spaces invariant for all the operators $S_i^*$. We classify the purely atomic representations and find when such representations are permutative. Applications include: wavelet representations, representations generated by finitely correlated states, representation associated to Hadamard triples (or fractal spectral measures) and representations associated to generalized Walsh bases.
If phantom Cuntz-Krieger algebras do not exist, then real rank zero Cuntz-Krieger algebras can be characterized by outer properties. In this survey paper, a summary of the known results on non-existence of phantom Cuntz-Krieger algebras is given.
We define the relative Cuntz-Krieger algebras associated to finitely aligned higher-rank graphs. We prove versions of the gauge-invariant uniqueness theorem and the Cuntz-Krieger uniqueness theorem for relative Cuntz-Krieger algebras.
We classify C$^*$ near-group categories by using Vaughan Jones theory of subfactors and the Cuntz algebra endomorphisms. Our results show that there is a sharp contrast between two essentially different cases, integral and irrational cases. When the dimension of the unique non-invertible object is an integer, we obtain a complete classification list, and it turns out that such categories are always group theoretical. When it is irrational, we obtain explicit polynomial equations whose solutions completely classify the C$^*$ near-group categories in this class.
We show that if $A$ is a unital $C^*$-algebra and $B$ is a Cuntz-Krieger algebra for which $A\otimes\mathbb{K} \cong B\otimes\mathbb{K}$, then $A$ is a Cuntz-Krieger algebra. Consequently, corners of Cuntz-Krieger algebras are Cuntz-Krieger algebras.
We give a local characterization for the Cuntz semigroup of AI-algebras building upon Shen's characterization of dimension groups. Using this result, we provide an abstract characterization for the Cuntz semigroup of AI-algebras.
We show that a C*-algebra "looking like" a Cuntz-Krieger algebra is a Cuntz-Krieger algebra. This implies that, in an appropriate sense, the class of Cuntz-Krieger algebras is closed under extensions of real rank zero.
