We consider Exel's new construction of a crossed product of a C*-algebra A by an endomorphism α. We prove that this crossed product is universal for an appropriate family of covariant representations, and we show that it can be realised as a relative Cuntz-Pimsner algbera. We describe a necessary and sufficient condition for the canonical map from A into the crossed product to be injective, and present several examples to demonstrate the scope of this result. We also prove a gauge-invariant uniqueness theorem for the crossed product.
There are many different crossed products by an endomorphism of a C*-algebra, and constructions by Exel and Stacey have proved particularly useful. Here we show that every Exel crossed product is isomorphic to a Stacey crossed product (though by a different endomorphism of a different C*-algebra), that every Stacey crossed product is an Exel crossed product, and answer some questions raised by Ionescu and Muhly. While this manuscript is not yet in its final form(s) several people have already used our results, so we are posting it now.
We investigate how a correspondence coaction gives rise to a coaction on the associated Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. We apply this to recover a recent result of Hao and Ng concerning Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of crossed products of correspondences by actions of amenable groups.
We give a simple and complete picture on the classification of relative Cuntz--Pimsner algebras (and so also of gauge-equivariant representations) using their intuitive parametrisation by kernel--covariance pairs.
Given two correspondences X and Y, we show that (under mild hypotheses) the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra of the tensor product of X and Y embeds as a certain subalgebra of the tensor product of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra of X and the Cuntz=Pimsner algebra of Y. Furthermore, this subalgebra can be described in a natural way in terms of the gauge actions on the Cuntz-Pimsner algebras. We explore implications for graph algebras, crossed products by the integers, and crossed products by completely positive maps. We also give a new proof of a result of Kaliszewski and Quigg related to coactions on correspo…
We interpret the construction of relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of correspondences in terms of the correspondence bicategory, as a reflector into a certain sub-bicategory. This generalises a previous characterisation of absolute Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of proper correspondences as colimits in the correspondence bicategory.
We extend the definition of an extension of a right Hilbert module to the setting of Hilbert bimodules and show that an extension of Hilbert bimodules induces an extension of Cuntz-Pimsner algebras. We also study the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra associated to the multiplier bimodule and show that an extension can be realised as a restricted direct-sum bimodule.
Given a correspondence X over a C*-algebra A, we construct a C*-algebra and a Hilbert C*-bimodule over it whose crossed product is isomorphic to the augmented Cuntz-Pimsner C*-algebra of X. This construction enables us to establish a condition for two augmented Cuntz-Pimsner C*-algebras to be Morita equivalent.
In this article we study how decompositions of a quasi-lattice ordered group $(G,P)$ relate to decompositions of the Nica-Toeplitz algebra $\mathcal{NT}_\mathbf{X}$ and Cuntz-Nica-Pimsner algebra $\mathcal{NO}_\mathbf{X}$ of a compactly aligned product system $\mathbf{X}$ over $P$. In particular, we are interested in the situation where $(G,P)$ may be realised as the semidirect product of quasi-lattice ordered groups. Our results generalise Deaconu's work on iterated Toeplitz and Cuntz-Pimsner algebras - we show that the Nica-Toeplitz algebra and Cuntz-Nica-Pimsner algebra of a compactly align…
We construct a functor that maps $C^*$-correspondences to their Cuntz-Pimsner algebras. The objects in our domain category are $C^*$-correspondences, and the morphisms are the isomorphism classes of $C^*$-correspondences satisfying certain conditions. As an application, we recover a well-known result of Muhly and Solel. In fact, we show that functoriality leads us to a more generalized result: strongly Morita equivalent $C^*$-correspondences have Morita equivalent Cuntz-Pimsner algebras.
In this paper we generalize the notion of Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of $C^*$-correspondences to the setting of subproduct systems. The construction is justified in several ways, including the Morita equivalence of the operator algebras under suitable conditions, and examples are provided to illustrate its naturality. We also demonstrate why some features of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of $C^*$-correspondences fail to generalize to our setting, and discuss what we have instead.
We show that the passage from a $C^\ast$-correspondence to its Cuntz-Pimsner $C^\ast$-algebra gives a functor on a category of $C^\ast$-correspondences with appropriately defined morphisms. Applications involving topological graph $C^\ast$-algebras are discussed, and an application to crossed-product correspondences is presented in detail.
Given two correspondences $X$ and $Y$ and a discrete group $G$ which acts on $X$ and coacts on $Y$, one can define a twisted tensor product $X\boxtimes Y$ which simultaneously generalizes ordinary tensor products and crossed products by group actions and coactions. We show that, under suitable conditions, the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra of this product, $\mathcal O_{X\boxtimes Y}$, is isomorphic to a "balanced" twisted tensor product $\mathcal O_X\boxtimes_\mathbb T\mathcal O_Y$ of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of the original correspondences. We interpret this result in several contexts and connect it…
Let H be a full Hilbert bimodule over a C*-algebra A. We show that the Cuntz-Pimsner C*-algebra associated to H is exact if and only if A is exact. Using this result, we give alternative proofs for exactness of reduced amalgamated free products of exact C*-algebras. In the case that A is a finite dimensional C*-algebra, we also show that the Brown-Voiculescu topological entropy of Bogljubov automorphisms of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra associated to an A,A Hilbert bimodule is zero.
The extended Cuntz-Pimsner algebra E(H), introduced by Pimsner, is constructed from a Hilbert B,B-bimodule H over a C*-algebra B. In this paper we investigate the Haagerup invariant Λ(.) for these algebras, the main result being that Λ(E(H))=Λ(B) when H is full over B. In particular, E(H) has the completely bounded approximation property if and only if the same is true for B.
We introduce and analyse the structure of C*-algebras arising from ideals in right tensor C*-precategories, which naturally generalize both relative Cuntz-Pimsner and Doplicher-Roberts algebras. We establish an explicit intrinsic construction of the considered algebras and a number of key results such as structure theorem, gauge-invariant uniqueness theorem or description of the gauge-invariant ideal structure. In particular, these statements give a new insight into the corresponding results for relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebras and are applied to Doplicher-Roberts associated to C*-correspondenc…
In this thesis we generalise the six-term exact sequence in graded $KK$-theory obtained in a paper of Kumjian, Pask and Sims (2017) to allow correspondences with non-compact left action. In particular, this allows us to compute the graded $KK$-theory of row-infinite graphs. We develop the theory necessary for following the arguments of Kumjian, Pask and Sims and of Pimsner (1997), with detailed sections on Hilbert modules, $C^*$-correspondences, Crossed products, Toeplitz algebras, Cuntz-Pimsner algebras and $KK$-theory.
Given a finitely aligned $k$-graph $Λ$, we let $Λ^i$ denote the $(k-1)$-graph formed by removing all edges of degree $e_i$ from $Λ$. We show that the Toeplitz-Cuntz-Krieger algebra of $Λ$, denoted by $\mathcal{T}C^*(Λ)$, may be realised as the Toeplitz algebra of a Hilbert $\mathcal{T}C^*(Λ^i)$-bimodule. When $Λ$ is locally-convex, we show that the Cuntz-Krieger algebra of $Λ$, which we denote by $C^*(Λ)$, may be realised as the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra of a Hilbert $C^*(Λ^i)$-bimodule. Consequently, $\mathcal{T}C^*(Λ)$ and $C^*(Λ)$ may be viewed as iterated Toeplitz and iterated Cuntz-Pimsner al…
We compute the sheaf cohomology of a groupoid built from a local homeomorphism of a locally compact space $X$. In particular, we identify the twists over this groupoid, and its Brauer group. Our calculations refine those made by Kumjian, Muhly, Renault and Williams in the case $X$ is the path space of a graph, and the local homeomorphism is the shift. We also show how the C*-algebra of a twist may be identified with the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra constructed from a certain C*-correspondence.
We generalize a recent construction of Exel and Pardo, from discrete groups acting on finite directed graphs to locally compact groups acting on topological graphs. To each cocycle for such an action, we construct a $C^*$-correspondence whose associated Cuntz-Pimsner algebra is the analog of the Exel-Pardo $C^*$-algebra.
We consider a family of Cuntz-Pimsner algebras associated to self-similar group actions, and their Toeplitz analogues. Both families carry natural dynamics implemented by automorphic actions of the real line, and we investigate the equilibrium states (the KMS states) for these dynamical systems. We find that for all inverse temperatures above a critical value, the KMS states on the Toeplitz algebra are given, in a very concrete way, by traces on the full group algebra of the group. At the critical inverse temperature, the KMS states factor through states of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra; if the se…
Necessary and sufficient conditions for when every non-zero ideal in a relative Cuntz-Pimsner ring contains a non-zero graded ideal, when a relative Cuntz-Pimsner ring is simple, and when every ideal in a relative Cuntz-Pimsner ring is graded, are given. A "Cuntz-Krieger uniqueness theorem" for relative Cuntz-Pimsner rings is also given and condition (L) and condition (K) for relative Cuntz-Pimsner rings are introduced.
Starting from an arbitrary endomorphism αof a unital C*-algebra A we construct a crossed product. It is shown that the natural construction depends not only on the C*-dynamical system (A,α) but also on the choice of an ideal orthogonal to kernel of α. The article gives an explicit description of the internal structure of this crossed product and, in particular, discusses the interrelation between relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebras and partial isometric crossed products. We present a canonical procedure that reduces any given C*-correspondence to the 'smallest' C*-correspondence yielding the same …
Let $A$ be a separable unital C*-algebra and let $π: A \ra \Lc(\Hf)$ be a faithful representation of $A$ on a separable Hilbert space $\Hf$ such that $π(A) \cap \Kc(\Hf) = \{0 \}$. We show that $\Oc_E$, the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra associated to the Hilbert $A$-bimodule $E = \Hf \ot_{\C} A$, is simple and purely infinite. If $A$ is nuclear and belongs to the bootstrap class to which the UCT applies, then the same applies to $\Oc_E$. Hence by the Kirchberg-Phillips Theorem the isomorphism class of $\Oc_E$ only depends on the $K$-theory of $A$ and the class of the unit.
We give a construction of a nuclear $C^\ast$-algebra associated with an amalgamated free product of groups, generalizing Spielberg's construction of a certain Cuntz-Krieger algebra associated with a finitely generated free product of cyclic groups. Our nuclear $C^\ast$-algebras can be identified with certain Cuntz-Krieger-Pimsner algebras. We will also show that our algebras can be obtained by the crossed product construction of the canonical actions on the hyperbolic boundaries, which proves a special case of Adams' result about amenability of the boundary action for hyperbolic groups. We wil…
Given a locally compact group $G$ and a unitary representation $ρ:G\to U({\mathcal H})$ on a Hilbert space ${\mathcal H}$, we construct a $C^*$-correspondence ${\mathcal E}(ρ)={\mathcal H}\otimes_{\mathbb C} C^*(G)$ over $C^*(G)$ and study the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra ${\mathcal O}_{{\mathcal E}(ρ)}$. We prove that for $G$ compact, ${\mathcal O}_{{\mathcal E}(ρ)}$ is strong Morita equivalent to a graph $C^*$-algebra. If $λ$ is the left regular representation of an infinite, discrete and amenable group $G$, we show that ${\mathcal O}_{{\mathcal E}(λ)}$ is simple and purely infinite, with the same …
The algebraic Cuntz-Pimsner rings are naturally $\mathbb{Z}$-graded rings that generalize both Leavitt path algebras and unperforated $\mathbb{Z}$-graded Steinberg algebras. We classify strongly, epsilon-strongly and nearly epsilon-strongly graded algebraic Cuntz-Pimsner rings up to graded isomorphism. As an application, we characterize noetherian and artinian fractional skew monoid rings by a single corner automorphism.
The article discusses the interrelation between relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebras and partial isometric crossed products, and presents a procedure that reduces any given Hilbert bimodule to the "smallest" Hilbert bimodule yielding the same relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebra as the initial one. In the context of crossed products this reduction procedure corresponds to reduction of C*-dynamical systems.
We describe the flows of weights for von Neumann algebras arising from KMS states for the gauge actions of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebras in terms of Poisson (tail) boundaries.
We establish exact sequences in $KK$-theory for graded relative Cuntz-Pimsner algebras associated to nondegenerate $C^*$-correspondences. We use this to calculate the graded $K$-theory and $K$-homology of relative Cuntz-Krieger algebras of directed graphs for gradings induced by $\{0,1\}$-valued labellings of their edge sets.
Unifying two notions of an action and coaction of a locally compact group on a $C^*$-cor\-re\-spond\-ence we introduce a coaction $(σ,δ)$ of a Hopf $C^*$-algebra $S$ on a $C^*$-cor\-re\-spond\-ence $(X,A)$. We show that this coaction naturally induces a coaction $ζ$ of $S$ on the associated Cuntz-Pimsner algebra $\mathcal{O}_X$ under the weak $δ$-invariancy for the ideal $J_X$. When the Hopf $C^*$-algebra $S$ is defined by a well-behaved multiplicative unitary, we construct a $C^*$-cor\-re\-spond\-ence $(X\rtimes_σ\widehat{S},A\rtimes_δ\widehat{S})$ from $(σ,δ)$ and show that it has a represen…
We show that if $G$ is a second countable locally compact Hausdorff étale groupoid carrying a suitable cocycle $c:G\to\mathbb{Z}$, then the reduced $C^*$-algebra of $G$ can be realised naturally as the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra of a correspondence over the reduced $C^*$-algebra of the kernel $G_0$ of $c$. If the full and reduced $C^*$-algebras of $G_0$ coincide, we deduce that the full and reduced $C^*$-algebras of $G$ coincide. We obtain a six-term exact sequence describing the $K$-theory of $C^*_r(G)$ in terms of that of $C^*_r(G_0)$.
To every $C^*$ correspondence over a $C^*$-algebra one can associate a Cuntz-Pimsner algebra generalizing crossed product constructions, graph $C^*$-algebras, and a host of other classes of operator algebras. Cuntz-Pimsner algebras come equipped with a `gauge action' by the circle group and its finite subgroups. For unital Cuntz-Pimsner algebras, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the gauge actions (by either the circle or its closed subgroups) to be free.
For Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of bi-Hilbertian bimodules of finite Jones-Watatani index satisfying some side conditions, we give an explicit isomorphism between the $K$-theory exact sequences of the mapping cone of the inclusion of the coefficient algebra into a Cuntz-Pimsner algebra, and the Cuntz-Pimsner exact sequence. In the process we extend some results by the second author and collaborators from finite projective bimodules to finite index bimodules, and also clarify some aspects of Pimsner's `extension of scalars' construction.
This paper is a contribution to the theory of what might be termed $0$-dimensional non-commutative spaces. We prove that associated with each inverse semigroup $S$ is a Boolean inverse semigroup presented by the abstract versions of the Cuntz-Krieger relations. We call this Boolean inverse semigroup the Exel completion of $S$ and show that it arises from Exel's tight groupoid under non-commutative Stone duality.
Suppose $A$ is a $C^*$-algebra and $H$ is a $C^*$-correspondence over $A$. If $H$ is regular in the sense that the left action of $A$ is faithful and is given by compact operators, then we compute the $K$-theory of $\mathcal{O}_A(H) \rtimes \mathbb{T}$ where the action is the usual gauge action. The case where $A$ is an AF-algebra is carefully analyzed. In particular, if $A$ is AF, we show $\mathcal{O}_A(H) \rtimes \mathbb{T}$ is AF. Combining this with Takai duality and an AF-embedding theorem of N. Brown, we show the conditions AF-embeddability, quasidiagonality, and stable finiteness are eq…
Let $P$ be a completely positive map on $M_n(\mathbb{C})$ and let $E_P$ be the associated \emph{GNS}-$C^*$-correspondence. We prove a result that implies, in particular, that the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra of $E_P$, $\mathcal{O}(E_P)$, is strongly Morita equivalent to the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_{d(P)}$, where $d(P)$ is the index of $P$.
For bi-Hilbertian $A$-bimodules, in the sense of Kajiwara--Pinzari--Watatani, we construct a Kasparov module representing the extension class defining the Cuntz--Pimsner algebra. The construction utilises a singular expectation which is defined using the $C^*$-module version of the Jones index for bi-Hilbertian bimodules. The Jones index data also determines a novel quasi-free dynamics and KMS states on these Cuntz--Pimsner algebras.
Given a $\mathbb{Z}$-graded ring $A$ and a subring $R\subseteq A$, it is natural to ask whether $A$ can be realised as the Cuntz-Pimsner ring of some $R$-system. In this paper, we derive sufficient conditions on $A$ and $R$ for this to be the case. As an application, we give conditions under which the Steinberg algebra $A_K(\mathcal{G})$ associated to a $\mathbb{Z}$-graded groupoid $\mathcal{G}=\sqcup_{n\in \mathbb{Z}} \mathcal{G}_n$ can be realised as the Cuntz-Pimsner ring of an $A_K(\mathcal{G}_0)$-system.
We interpret the Cuntz-Pimsner covariance condition as a nondegeneracy condition for representations of product systems. We show that Cuntz-Pimsner algebras over Ore monoids are constructed through inductive limits and section algebras of Fell bundles over groups. We construct a groupoid model for the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra coming from an action of an Ore monoid on a space by topological correspondences. We characterise when this groupoid is effective or locally contracting and describe its invariant subsets and invariant measures.
We provide a Cuntz-Pimsner model for graph of groups $C^*$-algebras. This allows us to compute the $K$-theory of a range of examples and show that graph of groups $C^*$-algebras can be realised as Exel-Pardo algebras. We also make a preliminary investigation of whether the crossed product algebra of Baumslag-Solitar groups acting on the boundary of certain trees satisfies Poincaré duality in $KK$-theory. By constructing a $K$-theory duality class we compute the $K$-homology of these crossed products.
We show how the fine structure in shift-tail equivalence, appearing in the noncommutative geometry of Cuntz-Krieger algebras developed by the first two authors, has an analogue in a wide range of other Cuntz-Pimsner algebras. To illustrate this structure, and where it appears, we produce an unbounded representative of the defining extension of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra constructed from a finitely generated projective bi-Hilbertian module, extending work by the third author with Robertson and Sims. As an application, our construction yields new spectral triples for Cuntz- and Cuntz-Krieger alge…
When a locally compact group acts on a C*-correspondence, it also acts on the associated Cuntz-Pimsner algebra in a natural way. Hao and Ng have shown that when the group is amenable the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra of the crossed product correspondence is isomorphic to the crossed product of the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. In this paper, we have a closer look at this isomorphism in the case where the group is not necessarily amenable. We also consider what happens at the level of Toeplitz algebras.
By using C*-correspondences and Cuntz-Pimsner algebras, we associate to every subshift (also called a shift space) $X$ a C*-algebra $O_X$, which is a generalization of the Cuntz-Krieger algebras. We show that $O_X$ is the universal C*-algebra generated by partial isometries satisfying relations given by $X$. We also show that $O_X$ is a one-sided conjugacy invariant of $X$.
For every one-sided shift space $X$ over a finite alphabet, left special elements are those points in $X$ having at least two preimages under the shift operation. In this paper, we show that the Cuntz-Pimsner $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal{O}_X$ has nuclear dimension 1 when $X$ is minimal and the number of left special elements in $X$ is finite. This is done by describing thoroughly the cover of $X$ which also recovers an exact sequence, discovered before by T. Carlsen and S. Eilers.
