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arXiv 0910.4755astro-ph.EP
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作为集合体和固体颗粒混合物的彗星尘埃:与地面和空间任务结果一致的模型

Comet dust as a mixture of aggregates and solid particles: model consistent with ground-based and space-mission results

L. Kolokolova, H. Kimura

摘要:

最成功的彗星尘埃模型将彗星颗粒描述为亚微米颗粒的聚集体。它定性地解释了彗星亮度和偏振的光谱和角度变化,并与{ \it in situ}为彗星1 P/Halley获得的彗星尘埃的热红外数据和成分一致。然而,它遇到了一些困难,在提供一个定量的适合的观测数据。在这里,我们提出了一个模型,认为彗星尘埃的混合物的聚集体和紧凑的颗粒。该模型基于乔托和星尘任务的发现,即彗星尘埃中存在聚集体(主要由有机物、硅酸盐和碳组成)和固体硅酸盐颗粒。我们模拟聚集体{ \bf弹道导弹集群聚集体(BCCA)}和紧凑的颗粒作为多分散球体与一些分布的纵横比。这些粒子遵循幂律尺寸分布,其幂为-3,接近于在对星尘号返回的样品进行研究时获得的彗星尘埃{ \it in situ}的结果,以及彗星地面观测的结果。该模型提供了一个很好的拟合角极化曲线。它还再现了偏振的正光谱梯度、尘埃的红色和{ \bf}的低偏振度。它也有一个紧密的蓬松颗粒的比例接近一个发现{ \it原位}为彗星1 P/哈雷}和硅酸盐的质量比碳质材料等于1,这是根据乔托任务发现的哈雷尘埃的元素丰度。

英文摘要:

The most successful model of comet dust presents comet particles as aggregates of submicron grains. It qualitatively explains the spectral and angular change in the comet brightness and polarization and is consistent with the thermal infrared data and composition of the comet dust obtained {\it in situ} for comet 1P/Halley. However, it experiences some difficulties in providing a quantitative fit to the observational data. Here we present a model that considers comet dust as a mixture of aggregates and compact particles. The model is based on the Giotto and Stardust mission findings that both aggregates (made mainly of organics, silicates, and carbon) and solid silicate particles are present in the comet dust. We simulate aggregates as {\bf Ballistic Cluster-Cluster Aggregates (BCCA)} and compact particles as polydisperse spheroids with some distribution of the aspect ratio. The particles follow a power-law size distribution with the power -3 that is close to the one obtained for comet dust {\it in situ}, at studies of the Stardust returned samples, and the results of ground-based observations of comets. The model provides a good fit to the angular polarization curve. It also reproduces the positive spectral gradient of polarization, red color of the dust, and {\bf low albedo. It also has the ratio of compact to fluffy particles close to the one found {\it in situ} for comet 1P/Halley} and the mass ratio of silicate to carbonaceous materials equal to unity that is in accordance with the elemental abundances of Halley's dust found by Giotto mission.

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