arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1603.09528astro-ph.EP
收藏

为什么彗星家族的彗星很活跃,而类彗星轨道上的小行星却不活跃?

Why are Jupiter-family comets active and asteroids in cometary-like orbits inactive?

B. Gundlach, J. Blum

摘要:

背景:在可见光和近红外光谱范围内进行的测量显示,在彗星状轨道上存在着低丰度小行星。与木星族彗星(JFC)不同,ACO是不活跃的,但具有相似的轨道参数。目的:在这项工作中,我们讨论了为什么ACO是不活跃的,而JFC显示气体驱动的尘埃活动,虽然两者都属于同一类原始太阳系机构。研究方法:我们假设,ACO和JFC的形成在相同的物理条件下,即通过引力坍缩的合奏冰和尘埃聚集。我们利用尘埃聚集层在重力压缩下的记忆效应来讨论在何种条件下这些天体的气体驱动尘埃活动是可能的。结果如下:由于其较小的尺寸,JFC可以维持气体驱动的尘埃活动比较大的ACO更长的时间,其次表面区域由于材料的重力压缩而具有增加的拉伸强度。增加的拉伸强度导致在相对短的活性时间后对粉尘活性的钝化。结论:星子形成的引力坍缩模型,以及次表层物质的引力压缩,同时解释了ACO的不活动和JFC的气体驱动的尘埃活动。它们最初较大的尺寸意味着ACO具有更高的次表面材料拉伸强度,这导致气体驱动的尘埃活动更快终止。大多数半径大于$2 \, \mathrm{km}$的天体由于其当前表面物质的重力压缩而已经失去了活动性。

英文摘要:

Context: Surveys in the visible and near-infrared spectral range have revealed the presence of low-albedo asteroids in cometary like orbits (ACOs). In contrast to Jupiter family comets (JFCs), ACOs are inactive, but possess similar orbital parameters. Aims: In this work, we discuss why ACOs are inactive, whereas JFCs show gas-driven dust activity, although both belong to the same class of primitive solar system bodies. Methods: We hypothesize that ACOs and JFCs have formed under the same physical conditions, namely by the gravitational collapse of ensembles of ice and dust aggregates. We use the memory effect of dust-aggregate layers under gravitational compression to discuss under which conditions the gas-driven dust activity of these bodies is possible. Results: Owing to their smaller sizes, JFCs can sustain gas-driven dust activity much longer than the bigger ACOs, whose sub-surface regions possess an increased tensile strength, due to gravitational compression of the material. The increased tensile strength leads to the passivation against dust activity after a relatively short time of activity. Conclusions: The gravitational-collapse model of the formation of planetesimals, together with the gravitational compression of the sub-surface material simultaneously, explains the inactivity of ACOs and the gas-driven dust activity of JFCs. Their initially larger sizes means that ACOs possess a higher tensile strength of their sub-surface material, which leads to a faster termination of gas-driven dust activity. Most objects with radii larger than $2 \, \mathrm{km}$ have already lost their activity due to former gravitational compression of their current surface material.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑