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arXiv 1811.09397astro-ph.EP
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彗星活动的实验:从升华的水冰表面喷射尘埃聚集体

Experiments on cometary activity: ejection of dust aggregates from a sublimating water-ice surface

D. Bischoff, B. Gundlach, M. Neuhaus, J. Blum

摘要:

气体驱动的彗星尘埃活动仍然是彗星科学中一个悬而未决的问题。在过去,人们认为彗星是肮脏的雪球,当冰退缩时,尘埃被喷射出来。然而,由于对彗星的各种空间任务,很明显彗星的尘埃与冰的比例比以前想象的要高得多,而且大多数尘埃质量都是以大颗粒的形式喷射出来的。在这里,我们报告了新的彗星模拟实验,致力于研究固体水冰升华引起的尘埃聚集体的喷射。我们发现,当冰面上方的水蒸气的压力超过覆盖灰尘层的拉伸强度加上重力载荷时,灰尘喷射正好发生。此外,我们观察到的尘埃聚集体,其大小增加的覆冰尘埃聚集层的厚度增加的集群喷射。此外,喷射聚集体的轨迹表明,大多数聚集体从喷射事件中获得了非零的初始速度。

英文摘要:

The gas-driven dust activity of comets is still an unresolved question in cometary science. In the past, it was believed that comets are dirty snowballs and that the dust is ejected when the ice retreats. However, thanks to the various space missions to comets, it has become evident that comets have a much higher dust-to-ice ratio than previously thought and that most of the dust mass is ejected in large particles. Here we report on new comet-simulation experiments dedicated to the study of the ejection of dust aggregates caused by the sublimation of solid water ice. We find that dust ejection exactly occurs when the pressure of the water vapor above the ice surface exceeds the tensile strength plus the gravitational load of the covering dust layer. Furthermore, we observed the ejection of clusters of dust aggregates, whose sizes increase with increasing thickness of the ice-covering dust-aggregate layer. In addition, the trajectories of the ejected aggregates suggest that most of the aggregates obtained a non-vanishing initial velocity from the ejection event.

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