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arXiv 1704.00526astro-ph.EP
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彗星67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko的尘埃颗粒

Aggregate dust particles at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Mark S. Bentley, Roland Schmied, Thurid Mannel, Klaus Torkar, Harald Jeszenszky, Jens Romstedt, Anny-Chantal Levasseur-Regourd, Iris Weber, Elmar K. Jessberger,… 展开作者

Mark S. Bentley, Roland Schmied, Thurid Mannel, Klaus Torkar, Harald Jeszenszky, Jens Romstedt, Anny-Chantal Levasseur-Regourd, Iris Weber, Elmar K. Jessberger, Pascale Ehrenfreund, Christian Koeberl, Ove Havnes

摘要:

彗星被认为保存了几乎原始的尘埃颗粒,因此提供了早期太阳星云性质的独特样本。在太阳系的形成过程中,这些尘埃的微观特性在粒子聚集中发挥了关键作用。根据对可见光和红外线远程观测的解释以及对球粒多孔行星际尘埃颗粒的研究,彗星尘埃以前被认为是由不规则、蓬松的聚集体组成的,这些尘埃被认为但未被证明起源于彗星。虽然早期任务返回的尘埃提供了81 P/Wild彗星颗粒的详细矿物学,但细颗粒聚集体成分在收集过程中发生了强烈的变化。在这里,我们报告在彗星67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko尘埃颗粒的现场测量。颗粒是较小的细长颗粒的聚集体,具有不同尺寸的结构,表明分级聚集。选定的尺寸从1微米到几十微米的尘埃颗粒的地形图像显示出各种形态,包括致密的单颗粒和大的多孔聚集颗粒,类似于南极多孔行星际尘埃颗粒。测得的颗粒伸长与星际尘埃的推断值相似,并支持这样的想法,即这些颗粒可能代表彗星的一小部分组成部分。在随后的增长阶段,分层凝聚可能是一个主要的过程,并会产生聚集体,更容易粘在更高的质量和速度比均匀的灰尘颗粒。在67 P彗星核的近表面存在的分级尘埃聚集体也提供了一种降低尘埃层拉伸强度和帮助尘埃释放的机制。

英文摘要:

Comets are thought to preserve almost pristine dust particles, thus providing a unique sample of the properties of the early solar nebula. The microscopic properties of this dust played a key part in particle aggregation during the formation of the Solar System. Cometary dust was previously considered to comprise irregular, fluffy agglomerates on the basis of interpretations of remote observations in the visible and infrared and the study of chondritic porous interplanetary dust particles that were thought, but not proved, to originate in comets. Although the dust returned by an earlier mission has provided detailed mineralogy of particles from comet 81P/Wild, the fine-grained aggregate component was strongly modified during collection. Here we report in situ measurements of dust particles at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The particles are aggregates of smaller, elongated grains, with structures at distinct sizes indicating hierarchical aggregation. Topographic images of selected dust particles with sizes of one micrometre to a few tens of micrometres show a variety of morphologies, including compact single grains and large porous aggregate particles, similar to chondritic porous interplanetary dust particles. The measured grain elongations are similar to the value inferred for interstellar dust and support the idea that such grains could represent a fraction of the building blocks of comets. In the subsequent growth phase, hierarchical agglomeration could be a dominant process and would produce aggregates that stick more easily at higher masses and velocities than homogeneous dust particles. The presence of hierarchical dust aggregates in the near-surface of the nucleus of comet 67P also provides a mechanism for lowering the tensile strength of the dust layer and aiding dust release.

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