We review the basic steps in building the asymptotic analysis of the Euclidean sector of new spin foam models using coherent states, for Immirzi parameter less than one. We focus on conceptual issues and by so doing omit peripheral proofs and the original discussion on spin structures.
The intricated combinatorial structure and the non-compactness of the Lorentz group have always made the computation of $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$ EPRL spin foam transition amplitudes a very hard and resource demanding task. With \texttt{sl2cfoam} we provide a C-coded library for the evaluation of the Lorentzian EPRL vertex amplitude. We provide a tool to compute the Lorentzian EPRL 4-simplex vertex amplitude in the intertwiner basis and some utilities to evaluate SU(2) invariants, booster functions and $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$ Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. We discuss the data storage, parallelizations, time…
We present $\mathtt{\text{sl2cfoam-next}}$, a high-performance software library for computing Lorentzian EPRL spin foam amplitudes. The library improves on previous codes by many orders of magnitude in single-core performance, can be parallelized on a large number of CPUs and on the GPU, and can be used interactively. We describe the techniques used in the code and provide many usage examples. As first applications, we use $\mathtt{\text{sl2cfoam-next}}$ to complete the numerical test of the Lorentzian single-vertex asymptotics and to confirm the presence of the "flatness problem" of spin foam…
Spin foam theory is a concrete framework for quantum gravity where numerical calculations of transition amplitudes are possible. Recently, the field became very active, but the entry barrier is steep, mainly because of its unusual language and notions scattered around the literature. This paper is a pedagogical guide to spin foam transition amplitude calculations. We show how to write an EPRL-FK transition amplitude, from the definition of the 2-complex to its numerical implementation using \texttt{sl2cfoam-next}. We guide the reader using an explicit example balancing mathematical rigor with …
We numerically estimate the divergence of several two-vertex diagrams that contribute to the radiative corrections for the Lorentzian EPRL spin foam propagator. We compute the amplitudes as functions of a homogeneous cutoff over the bulk quantum numbers, fixed boundary data, and different Immirzi parameters, and find that for a class of two-vertex diagrams, those with fewer than six internal faces are convergent. The calculations are done with the numerical framework sl2cfoam-next.
We perform the stationary phase analysis of the vertex amplitude for the EPRL spin foam model extended to include timelike tetrahedra. We analyse both, tetrahedra of signature $---$ (standard EPRL), as well as of signature $+--$ (Hnybida-Conrady extension), in a unified fashion. However, we assume all faces to be of signature $--$. The stationary points of the extended model are described again by $4$-simplices and the phase of the amplitude is equal to the Regge action. Interestingly, in addition to the Lorentzian and Euclidean sectors there appear also split signature $4$-simplices.
I present some recent progresses in the study of the EPRL self-energy amplitude. New numerical methods allow to analyze how the divergence scales, for which previous works provided very different lower and upper bounds. I show the role that the Immirzi parameter plays in the asymptotic behavior, and I discuss the dynamical expectation value of the dihedral angle boundary observable.
A finiteness bound for the EPRL/FK spin foam model
证明了当顶点振幅除以顶点自旋维数乘积的适当幂$p$时,量子引力的EPRL/FK自旋泡沫模型具有绝对收敛的配分函数.这个权力是独立的自旋泡沫2-复杂的,我们发现,$p>2$确保状态和的收敛。确定值$0 \le p \le 2$的状态和的收敛性需要知道当一些顶点自旋大而其他顶点自旋小时顶点振幅的大自旋渐近性。
All 3-edge-connected relativistic BC and EPRL spin-networks are integrable
本文证明了[Baez and Barrett:2001]中的命题:每一个具有某类不变量的3-边连通SL(2,C)自旋网络是可积的。这意味着这种自旋网络的正则化求值(由适当的积分定义)是有限的。我们的证明是相当一般的。它适用于Barrett和Crane的相对论自旋网络,也适用于具有Engle-Pereira-Rovelli-Livine缠结的自旋网络,以及两者的某些推广。从组表示的角度来看,有趣的结果也打开了一个可能性,定义顶点振幅的自旋泡沫模型的基础上非单纯分解。
We show that, when an approximation used in this prior work is removed, the resulting improved calculation yields an alternative derivation, in the particular case studied, of the accidental curvature constraint of Hellmann and Kaminski. The result is at the same time extended to apply to almost all non-degenerate Regge-like boundary data and a broad class of face amplitudes. This resolves a tension in the literature.
We numerically study the next-to-leading order corrections of the Lorentzian Engle-Pereira-Rovelli-Livine (EPRL) 4-simplex amplitude in the large-$j$ expansions. We perform large-$j$ expansions of Lorentzian EPRL 4-simplex amplitudes with two different types of boundary states, the coherent intertwiners and the coherent spin-network, and numerically compute the leading-order and the next-to-leading order $O(1/j)$ contributions of these amplitudes. We also study the dependences of these $O(1/j)$ corrections on the Barbero-Immirzi parameter $γ$. We show that they, as functions of $γ$, stabilize …
We fill one of the remaining gaps in the asymptotic analysis of the vertex amplitudes of the Engle-Pereira-Rovelli-Livine (EPRL) spin foam models: We show that the hessian is nondegenerate for the stationary points that corresponds to geometric nondegenerate $4$ simplices. Our analysis covers the case when all faces are spacelike.
We compute transition amplitudes between two spin networks with dipole graphs, using the Lorentzian EPRL model with up to two (non-simplicial) vertices. We find power-law decreasing amplitudes in the large spin limit, decreasing faster as the complexity of the foam increases. There are no oscillations nor asymptotic Regge actions at the order considered, nonetheless the amplitudes still induce non-trivial correlations. Spin correlations between the two dipoles appear only when one internal face is present in the foam. We compute them within a mini-superspace description, finding positive corre…
The Lorentzian EPRL spin foam amplitude for loop quantum gravity is a multi-dimensional non-compact integral of highly oscillating functions. Using a method based on the decomposition of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for the unitary infinite-dimensional representations of SL(2,C) in terms of those of SU(2), we are able to provide for the first time numerical evaluations of the vertex amplitude. The values obtained support the asymptotic formula obtained by Barrett and collaborators with a saddle point approximation, showing, in particular, a power-law decay and oscillations related to the Regge …
Spinfoam amplitudes with small spins can have interesting semiclassical behavior and relate to semiclassical gravity and geometry in 4 dimensions. We study the generalized spinfoam model (Spinfoams for all loop quantum gravity (LQG)) with small spins $j$ but a large number of spin degrees of freedom (DOFs), and find that it relates to the simplicial Engle-Pereira-Rovelli-Livine-Freidel-Krasnov (EPRL-FK) model with large spins and Regge calculus by coarse-graining spin DOFs. Small-$j$ generalized spinfoam amplitudes can be employed to define semiclassical states in the LQG kinematical Hilbert s…
Local flatness is a property shared by all the spin foam models. It ensures that the theory's fundamental building blocks are flat by requiring locally trivial parallel transport. In the context of simplicial Lorentzian spin foam theory, we show that local flatness is the main responsible for the emergence of geometry independently of the details of the spin foam model. We discuss the asymptotic analysis of the EPRL spin foam amplitudes in the large quantum number regime, highlighting the interplay with local flatness.
In this article we consider non-convex $4d$ polytopes in $\mathbb{R}^4$. The paper consist of two parts: Firstly, we extend the proof of the formula for the $4d$ volume in terms of $2d$ face bivectors and boundary graph crossings from convex to non-convex polytopes. Secondly, we consider the EPRL-FK spin foam model, and demonstrate that there exists boundary data which leads to non-convex $4d$ polytopes in the asymptotic analysis of the vertex amplitude.
本文研究了圈量子引力下洛伦兹EPRL自旋泡沫振幅中的SL(2,C)Clebsch-Gordan系数。我们展示了振幅如何在顶点分解为SU(2)nj-符号,在边缘分解为积分。积分定义的边缘振幅,可以评估分析使用和适应文献中的结果,导致一个纯状态和模型制定。这个过程引入虚拟表示,在某种程度上让人联想到费曼振幅中的虚拟动量,是理论中存在的简单性约束的壳外,但具有在壳上值处达到峰值的被积函数。我们指出的边缘振幅的一些属性,这是有助于数值和分析评估的自旋泡沫振幅,并建议除其他事项外,一个更简单的模型,用于计算某些最低阶振幅。作为一个应用,我们估计了一个简单的模型的大自旋标度行为,在一个封闭的泡沫与所有4-价的边缘和欧拉特征线X,为N^(X - 5E + V/2)。本文对SL(2,C)Clebsch-Gordan系数在主级数的酉表示中的结果进行了回顾和扩展,这些结果可以应用于量子引力之外。
The Lorentzian Engle-Pereira-Rovelli-Livine/Freidel-Krasnov (EPRL/FK) spinfoam model and the Conrady-Hnybida (CH) timelike-surface extension can be expressed in the integral form $\int e^S$. This work studies the analytic continuation of the spinfoam action $S$ to the complexification of the integration domain. Our work extends our knowledge from the real critical points well-studied in the spinfoam large-$j$ asymptotics to general complex critical points of $S$ analytic continued to the complexified domain. The complex critical points satisfying critical equations of the analytic continued $S…
Asymptotics of Spinfoam Amplitude on Simplicial Manifold: Lorentzian Theory
本文研究了具有任意数目单形的四维单形复形上洛伦兹EPRL自旋泡沫振幅的大j渐近性质。自旋泡沫振幅的渐近性由临界构型决定。在这里,我们表明,在一般情况下,给定的临界配置,存在一个分区的单纯复杂成三种类型的区域R_{Nondeg},R_{Deg-A},R_{Deg-B},其中三个区域是单纯子复合物的边界。在不同类型的区域中,临界组态意味着不同类型的几何,即(1)限制在R_{Nondeg} $ implies a nondegenerate discrete Lorentzian geometry, (2) the critical configuration restricted into R_{Deg-A}$中的临界组态是退化的A型几何,但意味着R_{Deg-A}上的非退化离散欧几里得几何;(3)限制在R_{Deg-B}中的临界组态是退化的B型几何,意味着R_{Deg-B}上的向量几何.利用临界构型,我们进一步将区域R_{Nondeg}和R_{Deg-A}根据它们的洛伦兹/欧几里德定向的4-单形体积V_4(v)细分为子复形(有边界),使得sgn(V_4(v))在每个子复形上是常数符号。然后在每个子复合体中,临界组态处的自旋泡沫振幅分别在R_{Nondeg}或R_{Deg-A}上给出洛伦兹或欧几里得签名的Regge作用量。这里再现的Regge作用包含定向4-单形体积的符号因子sgn(V…
We study the renormalization group flow of the Euclidean Engle-Pereira-Rovelli-Livine and Freidel-Krasnov (EPRL-FK) spin foam model in the large-$j$-limit. The vertex amplitude is deformed to include a cosmological constant term. The state sum is reduced to describe a foliated spacetime whose spatial slices are flat, isotropic and homogeneous. The model admits a non-vanishing extrinsic curvature whereas the scale factor can expand or contract at successive time steps. The reduction of degrees of freedom allows a numerical evaluation of certain geometric observables on coarser and finer discret…