We bound the maximal number N of singular points of a plane algebraic curve C that has precisely one place at infinity with one branch in terms of its first Betti number $b_1(C)$. Asymptotically we prove that $N<\sim{17/11}b_1(C)$ for large $b_1$. In particular, in the case of curves with one place at infinity, we confirm the Zaidenberg and Lin conjecture stating that $N\le 2b_1+1$.
We define the singular elliptic genus for arbitrary normal surfaces, prove that it is a birational invariant, and show that it generalizes the singular elliptic genus of Borisov and Libgober and the stringy $χ_y$ genus of Batyrev and Veys.
We discuss the basic properties of various versions of two variable elliptic genus with special attention to the equivariant elliptic genus. The main applications are to the elliptic genera attached to non-compact GITs, including the elliptic genera of Witten's phases on $N=2$ theories.
This paper surveys the authors recent work on two variable elliptic genus of singular varieties. The last section calculates a generating function for the elliptic genera of symmetric products. This generalizes the classical results of Macdonald and Zagier.
A k-ellipse is a plane curve consisting of all points whose distances from k fixed foci sum to a constant. We determine the singularities and genus of its Zariski closure in the complex projective plane. The paper resolves an open problem stated by Nie, Parrilo and Sturmfels in 2008.
We consider families of curve-to-curve maps that have no singularities except those of genus 0 stable maps and that satisfy a versality condition at each singularity. We provide a universal expression for the cohomology class Poincaré dual to the locus of any given singularity. Our expressions hold for any family of curve-to-curve maps satisfying the above properties.
The objective of the paper is to prove that, as it happens for smooth elliptic curves, any Fourier-Mukai partner of a projective reduced Gorenstein curve of genus one and trivial dualising sheaf, is isomorphic to itself.
Let $f$ be a plane curve. We give a procedure based on Abhyankar's approximate roots to detect if it has a single place at infinity, and if so construct its associated $δ$-sequence, and consequently its value semigroup. Also for fixed genus (equivalently Frobenius number) we construct all $δ$-sequences generating numerical semigroups with this given genus. For a $δ$-sequence we present a procedure to construct all curves having this associated sequence. We also study the embeddings of such curves in the plane. In particular, we prove that polynomial curves might not have a unique embedding.
We study the singular locus on the algebraic surface $§_n$ of genus 2 curves with a $(n, n)$-split Jacobian. Such surface was computed by Shaska in \cite{deg3} for $n=3$, and Shaska at al. in \cite{deg5} for $n=5$. We show that the singular locus for $n=2$ is exactly th locus of the curves of automorphism group $D_4$ or $D_6$. For $n=3$ we use a birational parametrization of the surface $§_3$ discovered in \cite{deg3} to show that the singular locus is a 0-dimensional subvariety consisting exactly of three genus 2 curves (up to isomorphism) which have automorphism group $D_4$ or $D_6$. We furt…
In this paper we extend the concept of Milnor fiber and Milnor number of a curve singularity allowing the ambient space to be a quotient surface singularity. A generalization of the local δ-invariant is defined and described in terms of a Q-resolution of the curve singularity. In particular, when applied to the classical case (the ambient space is a smooth surface) one obtains a formula for the classical δ-invariant in terms of a Q-resolution, which simplifies considerably effective computations. All these tools will finally allow for an explicit description of the genus formula of a curve def…
We construct and study the reduced, relative, genus one Gromov--Witten theory of very ample pairs. These invariants form the principal component contribution to relative Gromov--Witten theory in genus one and are relative versions of Zinger's reduced Gromov--Witten invariants. We relate the relative and absolute theories by degeneration of the tangency conditions, and the resulting formulas generalise a well-known recursive calculation scheme put forward by Gathmann in genus zero. The geometric input is a desingularisation of the principal component of the moduli space of genus one logarithmic…
Let N_q(g) denote the maximal number of F_q-rational points on any curve of genus g over the finite field F_q. Ihara (for square q) and Serre (for general q) proved that limsup_{g-->infinity} N_q(g)/g > 0 for any fixed q. In their proofs they constructed curves with many points in infinitely many genera; however, their sequences of genera are somewhat sparse. In this paper, we prove that lim_{g-->infinity} N_q(g) = infinity. More precisely, we use abelian covers of P^1 to prove that liminf_{g-->infinity} N_q(g)/(g/log g) > 0, and we use curves on toric surfaces to prove that liminf_{g-->infty}…
We define the singular orbifold elliptic genus and $E$-function for all normal surfaces without strictly log-canonical singularities, and prove the analogue of the McKay correspondence in this setting. Our invariants generalize the stringy invariants defined by Willem Veys for this class of singularities. We show that the ability to define these invariants is closely linked to rigidity phenomena associated to the elliptic genus.
We give a construction of singular curves with many rational points over finite fields. This construction enables us to prove some results on the maximum number of rational points on an absolutely irreducible projective algebraic curve defined over Fq of geometric genus g and arithmetic genus $π$.
We study singularities obtained by the contraction of the maximal divisor in compact (non kaehlerian) surfaces which contain global spherical shells. These singularities are of genus 1 or 2, may be Q-Gorenstein, numerically Gorenstein or Gorenstein. A family of polynomials depending on the configuration of the curves computes the discriminant of the quadratic forms of these singularities. We introduce a multiplicative branch topological invariant which determines the twisting of a non-vanishing holomorphic 1-form on the complement of the singular point.
We consider fibrations of genus 2 over complex surfaces. The purpose of this paper is primarily to provide a geometric description of the possible structures of the fibration on a neighborhood of a singular fiber. In particular it is shown that the "geometric data" of the singular fiber determines the fibration on its neighborhood up to a transversely holomorphic $C^{\infty}$-diffeomorphism. The method employed is quite flexible and it applies to good extent to fibrations of arbitrary genus.
Using an Euclidean approach, we prove a new upper bound for the number of closed points of degree 2 on a smooth absolutely irreducible projective algebraic curve defined over the finite field $\mathbb F\_q$.This bound enables us to provide explicit conditions on $q, g$ and $π$ for the non-existence of absolutely irreducible projective algebraic curves defined over $\mathbb F\_q$ of geometric genus $g$, arithmetic genus $π$ and with $N\_q(g)+π-g$ rational points.Moreover, for $q$ a square, we study the set of pairs $(g,π)$ for which there exists a maximal absolutely irreducible projective algeb…
We show that there exists a sequence of genus three curves defined over the rationals in which the height of a canonical Gross-Schoen cycle tends to infinity.
We prove a genus formula for modular curves of $D$-elliptic sheaves. We use this formula to show that the reductions of modular curves of $D$-elliptic sheaves attain the Drinfeld-Vladut bound as the degree of the discriminant of $D$ tends to infinity.
Orbifold elliptic genus and elliptic genus of singular varieties are introduced and relation between them is studied. Elliptic genus of singular varieties is given in terms of a resolution of singularities and extends the elliptic genus of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in Fano Gorenstein toric varieties introduced earlier. Orbifold elliptic genus is given in terms of the fixed point sets of the action. We show that the generating function for this orbifold elliptic genus $\sum Ell_{orb}(X^n,Σ_n)p^n$ for symmetric groups $Σ_n$ acting on $n$-fold products coincides with the one proposed by Dijkgraaf,…
Let f : S --> B be a non-trivial family of semi-stable curves of genus g, N the number of critical points of f and s the number of singular fibres. We prove the inequality N < (4g+2)(s+2g(B)-2) .
Kodaira's classification of singular fibers in elliptic fibrations and its translation into the language of monodromies and Lefschetz fibrations has been a boon to the study of 4-manifolds. In this article, we begin the work of translating between singular fibers of genus 2 families of algebraic curves and the positive Dehn twist factorizations of Lefschetz fibrations for a certain subset of the singularities described by Namikawa and Ueno in the 70s. We look at four families of hypersurface singularities in $\mathbb{C}^3$. Each hypersurface comes equipped with a fibration by genus 2 algebraic…
We find some equivalences of the derived category of coherent sheaves on a Gorenstein genus one curve that preserve the (semi)-stability of pure dimensional sheaves. Using them we establish new identifications between certain Simpson moduli spaces of semistable sheaves on the curve. For rank zero, the moduli spaces are symmetric powers of the curve whilst for a fixed positive rank there are only a finite number of non-isomorphic spaces. We prove similar results for the relative semistable moduli spaces on an arbitrary genus one fibration with no conditions either on the base or on the total sp…
Let C be a complete non-singular irreducible curve of genus 4 over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. We determine all possible Weierstrass semigroups of ramification points on double covers of C which have genus greater than 11. Moreover, we construct double covers with ramification points whose Weierstrass semigroups are the possible ones.
We introduce the $2$-nodal spherical deformation of certain singular fibers of genus $2$ fibrations, and use such deformations to construct various examples of simply connected minimal symplectic $4$-manifolds with small topology. More specifically, we construct new exotic minimal symplectic $4$-manifolds homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic to ${\mathbb{CP}}^{2}\#6({\overline{\mathbb{CP}}^{2}})$, ${\mathbb{CP}}^{2}\#7({\overline{\mathbb{CP}}^{2}})$, and $3{\mathbb{CP}}^{2}\#k({\overline{\mathbb{CP}}^{2}})$ for $k=16, 17, 18, 19$ using combinations of such deformations, symplectic blowups, and (…
We introduce a new technique, based on Gaussian maps, to study the possibility, for a given surface, to lie on a threefold as a very ample divisor with given normal bundle. We give several applications, among which one to surfaces of general type and another one to Enriques surfaces. For the latter we prove that any threefold (with no assumption on its singularities) having as hyperplane section a smooth Enriques surface (by definition an Enriques-Fano threefold) has genus g < 18 (where g is the genus of its smooth curve sections). The latter bound was also proved recently by Prokhorov, who al…
Let $C$ be a smooth curve of genus $g$. For each positive integer $r$ the $r$-gonality $d_r(C)$ of $C$ is the minimal integer $t$ such that there is $L\in {Pic}^t(C)$ with $h^0(C,L) =r+1$. In this paper for all $g\ge 40805$ we construct several examples of smooth curves $C$ of genus $g$ with $d_3(C)/3< d_4(C)/4$, i.e. for which a slope inequality fails.
The trigonal curves of genus 5 can be represented by projective plane quintics that have 1 singularity of delta invariant 1. Combining this with a partial sieve method for plane curves we count the number of such curves over any finite field. The main application is that this then gives the motivic Euler characteristic of the moduli space of trigonal curves of genus 5.
S. Kondō used periods of $K3$ surfaces to prove that the moduli space of genus three curves is birational to an arithmetic quotient of a complex 6-ball. In this paper we study Heegner divisors in the ball quotient, given by arithmetically defined hyperplane sections of the ball. We show that the corresponding loci of genus three curves are given by: hyperelliptic curves, singular plane quartics and plane quartics admitting certain rational "splitting curves".
This paper deals with singularities of genus 2 curves on a general (d_1,d_2)-polarized abelian surface (S,L). In analogy with Chen's results concerning rational curves on K3 surfaces [Ch1,Ch2], it is natural to ask whether all such curves are nodal. We prove that this holds true if and only if d_2 is not divisible by 4. In the cases where d_2 is a multiple of 4, we exhibit genus 2 curves in |L| that have a triple, 4-tuple or 6-tuple point. We show that these are the only possible types of unnodal singularities of a genus 2 curve in |L|. Furthermore, with no assumption on d_1 and d_2, we prove …
We discuss an algebro-geometric description of Witten's phases of N=2 theories and propose a definition of their elliptic genus provided some conditions on singularities of the phases are met. For Landau-Ginzburg phase one recovers elliptic genus of LG models proposed in physics literature in early 90s. For certain transitions between phases we derive invariance of elliptic genus from an equivariant form of McKay correspondence for elliptic genus. As special cases one obtains Landau-Giznburg/Calabi-Yau correspondence for elliptic genus of weighted homogeneous potentials as well as certain hybr…
In the paper "Geometry of polynomial mapping at infinity via intersection homology" the second and third authors associated to a given polynomial mapping $F : \C^2 \to \C^2$ with nonvanishing jacobian a variety whose homology or intersection homology describes the geometry of singularities at infinity of the mapping. We generalize this result.
In this paper we look for necessary and sufficient conditions for a genus one fibration to have rational curves. We show that a projective variety with log terminal singularities that admits a relatively minimal genus one fibration $X\rightarrow B$ does contain vertical rational curves if and only if it not isomorphic to a finite étale quotient of a product $\tilde{B}\times E$ over $B$. Many sufficient conditions for the existence of rational curves in a variety that admits a genus one fibration are proved in this paper.
In this paper, we determine the bifurcation set of a real polynomial function of two variables for non-degenerate case in the sense of Newton polygons by using a toric compactification. We also count the number of singular phenomena at infinity, called "cleaving" and "vanishing" in the same setting. Finally, we give an upper bound of the number of elements in the bifurcation set in terms of its Newton polygon. To obtain the upper bound, we apply toric modifications to the singularities at infinity successively.
We analyze and completely describe the four cases when the Hitchin fibration on a $2$-dimensional moduli space of irregular Higgs bundles over $\mathbb{C}P^{1}$ has a single singular fiber. The case when the fiber at infinity is of type $I_0^*$ is further analyzed, and we give constructions of all the possible configurations of singular curves inelliptic fibrations having this type of singular fiber at infinity.
We provide significant conditions under which we prove the existence of stable open book structures at infinity, i.e. on spheres $S^{m-1}_R$ of large enough radius $R$. We obtain new classes of real polynomial maps $\mathbb R^m \to \mathbb R^p$ which induce such structures.
We show the existence of toric resolution tower for an irreducible curve singularity which is explicitly described by Tschirnhausen polynomials. We deduce for a smooth affine plane curve from its topology restrictions for its singularity at infinity. For instance, we discribe the singularities at infinity (up to equisingular deformation) for curves of genus 0,1 and 2. From this follows an extension of the Abhyankar-Moh-Suzuki theorem to genus 1 and 2.
In this work, singular surfaces are obtained from smooth orientable closed surfaces by applying three basic simple loop operations, collapsing operation, zipping operation and double loop identification, each of which produces different singular surfaces. A formula that provides the Euler characteristic of the singularized surface is proved. Also, we introduce a new definition of genus for singularized surfaces which generalizes the classical definition of genus in the smooth case. A theorem relating the Euler characteristic to the genus of the singularized surface is proved.
In this paper, we shall prove Beauville's conjecture: if $f:S \to P^1$ is a non-trivial semistable fibration of genus g>1, then $f$ admits at least 5 singular fibers. We have also constructed an example of genus 2 with 5 singular fibers. This paper will appear in the Journal of Algebraic Geometry.
In this paper the author provides a generalization of classical linkage, i.e. linkage by a complete intersection, in a different context. Namely she looks at residuals in the scheme theoretic intersection of a rational normal surface or 3-fold with two hypersurfaces of degree a and b. When the scroll is singular a complete intersection of type (a, b) on it may not be Gorenstein, in this case classical linkage, even if suitably generalized, does not apply. The main purpose of this article is to establish a framework allowing one to find relations between the dimension of some important cohomolo…
The second relative homotopy group π_2(V(\C),V(\R)) (of the complex relative to the real points of an algebraic variety) encodes interesting information about the `bubbling' phenomena of quantum cohomology. We consider these groups in particular for genus zero Deligne-Mumford moduli spaces, as well as for certain generalizations introduced more recently by Manin and Losev.
We describe the E-infinity algebra structure on the complex of singular cochains of a topological space, in the context of sheaf theory. As a first application, for any algebraic variety we define a weight filtration compatible with its E-infinity structure. This naturally extends the theory of mixed Hodge structures in rational homotopy to p-adic homotopy theory. The spectral sequence associated to the weight filtration gives a new family of multiplicative algebraic invariants of the varieties for any coefficient ring, carrying Steenrod operations. As a second application, we promote Deligne'…
Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics (RICAM)（拉东计算与应用数学研究所）；Research Institute for Symbolic Computation (RISC), Johannes Kepler University Linz（约翰内斯·开普勒林茨大学符号计算研究所）
We construct parallel manipulators with one degree of freedom and admitting infinitely many legs lying on a curve of degree ten and genus six. Our technique relies upon a duality between the spaces parametrizing all the possible legs and all the possible configurations of a manipulator. Before describing our construction, we show how this duality helps explaining several known phenomena regarding mobility of parallel manipulators.
We give a characterization of conformal blocks in terms of the singular cohomology of suitable smooth projective varieties, in genus 0 for classical Lie algebras and $G_2$.
