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arXiv 0905.1927astro-ph.EP
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彗星C/2006 M4(SWAN)母挥发物丰度的多波长研究

A Multi-Wavelength Study of Parent Volatile Abundances in Comet C/2006 M4 (SWAN)

Michael A. Disanti, Geronimo L. Villanueva, Stefanie N. Milam, Lindsay N. Zack, Boncho P. Bonev, Michael J. Mumma, Lucy M. Ziurys, William M. Anderson

摘要:

2006年10月和11月,在长周期彗星C/2006 M4(天鹅)的近日点后检测到挥发性有机排放。我们的研究结合了使用NASA-IRTF 3米望远镜的红外低温中阶梯光谱仪(CSHELL)的机会目标观测,以及使用亚利桑那射电天文台(ARO)12米望远镜的毫米波观测。用CSHELL测定了五种母体挥发物(H2O、CO、CH 3OH、CH 4和C2 H6),用ARO 12-m测定了另外两种物质(HCN和CS)。这些揭示了高度亏损的CO和有点丰富的CH 3OH相比,在我们的样本中观察到的长周期(奥尔特云)彗星的优势集团的丰度和最近在彗星8 P/塔特尔观察到的相似。这可能表明在星际(前彗星)颗粒的表面上,在非常低的温度(~ 10 - 20 K)下,H原子高效地添加到CO中。彗星C/2006 M4的C2 H6和CH 4含量接近“正常”,这表明彗星的处理历史与占主导地位的彗星相似。当与毫米观测时估计的水产量相比时,HCN与基于红外观测的彗星正常丰度相比略有减少,但与毫米观测的大多数值一致。C/2006 M4中的CS/HCN比率在10颗彗星在毫米波长下测量的范围内。与大多数彗星相比,C/2006 M4的氢原子转换效率更高,这可能表明C/2006 M4中的冰粒暴露在更高的氢原子密度下,或者暴露在类似的氢原子密度下,但时间更长。

英文摘要:

Volatile organic emissions were detected post-perihelion in the long period comet C/2006 M4 (SWAN) in October and November 2006. Our study combines target-of-opportunity observations using the infrared Cryogenic Echelle Spectrometer (CSHELL) at the NASA-IRTF 3-m telescope, and millimeter wavelength observations using the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO) 12-m telescope. Five parent volatiles were measured with CSHELL (H2O, CO, CH3OH, CH4, and C2H6), and two additional species (HCN and CS) were measured with the ARO 12-m. These revealed highly depleted CO and somewhat enriched CH3OH compared with abundances observed in the dominant group of long-period (Oort cloud) comets in our sample and similar to those observed recently in Comet 8P/Tuttle. This may indicate highly efficient H-atom addition to CO at very low temperature (~ 10 - 20 K) on the surfaces of interstellar (pre-cometary) grains. Comet C/2006 M4 had nearly "normal" C2H6 and CH4, suggesting a processing history similar to that experienced by the dominant group. When compared with estimated water production at the time of the millimeter observations, HCN was slightly depleted compared with the normal abundance in comets based on IR observations but was consistent with the majority of values from the millimeter. The ratio CS/HCN in C/2006 M4 was within the range measured in ten comets at millimeter wavelengths. The higher apparent H-atom conversion efficiency compared with most comets may indicate that the icy grains incorporated into C/2006 M4 were exposed to higher H-atom densities, or alternatively to similar densities but for a longer period of time.

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