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arXiv 2310.04095astro-ph.EP
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67P/丘留莫夫-格拉西缅科彗星H$_2$O和CO$_2$冰中的挥发物

Volatiles in the H$_2$O and CO$_2$ ices of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Martin Rubin, Kathrin Altwegg, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Michael R. Combi, Johan De Keyser, Stephen A. Fuselier, Tamas I. Gombosi, Murthy S. Gudipati, Nora Hänni… 展开作者

Martin Rubin, Kathrin Altwegg, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Michael R. Combi, Johan De Keyser, Stephen A. Fuselier, Tamas I. Gombosi, Murthy S. Gudipati, Nora Hänni, Kristina A. Kipfer, Niels F. W. Ligterink, Daniel R. Müller, Yinsi Shou, Susanne F. Wampfler

AI总结:

本研究基于罗塞塔号ROSINA数据,分析67P彗星的H$_2$O、CO$_2$及次要挥发物,发现高挥发物被两类冰捕获,无纯高挥发物冰,还观测到入轨春分前的释气比例偏差及CO异常。

摘要:

欧洲空间局(ESA)的罗塞塔号(Rosetta)航天器对67P/丘留莫夫-格拉西缅科彗星(67P)的探测,是首个伴随彗星走完其轨道相当大一部分的任务。航天器搭载了ROSINA质谱仪套件,用于测量从彗核内部冰体升华的挥发性物质的局部密度。了解这些冰体的性质是罗塞塔号的核心目标之一。我们在几乎整个任务期间,分析了67P上的主要彗星分子即H$_2$O和CO$_2$,以及一系列次要物质。研究发现,CH$_4$、CO等高挥发性物质的局部丰度,可通过H$_2$O和CO$_2$密度的线性组合复现。这些结果与实验室开展的无定形冰程序升温脱附实验结果相似,表明高挥发性物质被捕获在H$_2$O和CO$_2$冰中。我们的结果未显示存在以这些高挥发性分子为主的冰体。它们很可能在67P被偏转至内太阳系之前,就因彗核内部的热作用而流失了。仅在入轨春分点之前,也就是彗星仍远离太阳、与CO$_2$释气相关的高挥发性分子丰度较低时,才能观测到与H$_2$O和CO$_2$共同释放的比例存在偏差。对应的CO$_2$很可能是季节性霜层,它在上一次回归期间重新冻结之前就已升华,并失去了所捕获的高挥发性物质。另一方面,CO在同一时期的丰度有所升高,这一现象有待进一步研究。

英文摘要:

ESA's Rosetta spacecraft at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) was the first mission that accompanied a comet over a substantial fraction of its orbit. On board was the ROSINA mass spectrometer suite to measure the local densities of the volatile species sublimating from the ices inside the comet's nucleus. Understanding the nature of these ices was a key goal of Rosetta. We analyzed the primary cometary molecules at 67P, namely H$_2$O and CO$_2$, together with a suite of minor species for almost the entire mission. Our investigation reveals that the local abundances of highly volatile species, such as CH$_4$ and CO, are reproduced by a linear combination of both H$_2$O and CO$_2$ densities. These findings bear similarities to laboratory-based temperature programmed desorption experiments of amorphous ices and imply that highly volatile species are trapped in H$_2$O and CO$_2$ ices. Our results do not show the presence of ices dominated by these highly volatile molecules. Most likely, they were lost due to thermal processing of 67P's interior prior to its deflection to the inner solar system. Deviations in the proportions co-released with H$_2$O and CO$_2$ can only be observed before the inbound equinox, when the comet was still far from the sun and the abundance of highly volatile molecules associated with CO$_2$ outgassing were lower. The corresponding CO$_2$ is likely seasonal frost, which sublimated and lost its trapped highly volatile species before re-freezing during the previous apparition. CO, on the other hand, was elevated during the same time and requires further investigation.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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