彗星41 P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak、45 P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova和46 P/Wirtanen：SOHO/SWAN 21年的产水活动
Comet 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak, 45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova, and 46P/Wirtanen: Water Production Activity over 21 Years with SOHO/SWAN
摘要：
在2017年、2018年和2019年，彗星46 P/Wirtanen、45 P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova和41 P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak都有过近日点。它们的氢彗星是由太阳和日光层观测者卫星上的太阳风各向异性全天空氢莱曼-阿尔法照相机观测到的：自1997年以来第四次观测到46 P彗星，第三次观测到45 P和41 P彗星。46 P/Wirtanen彗星是一小类所谓的超活跃彗星之一，其气体生产率掩盖了它们的小尺寸。这颗彗星是罗塞塔任务最初的目标彗星。太阳和日光层观测者（SOHO）卫星上的太阳风各向异性（SWAN）全天空氢莱曼α相机在1997年，2002年，2008年和2018年的显灵期间观察到彗星46 P/Wirtanen的氢彗发。在过去的22年里，它的活动减少了，并且随着日心距离的变化而发生了显著的变化，其变化方式与另一颗极度活跃的彗星103 P/哈特利2非常相似。彗星45 P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova在2001年，2011年和2017年的近日点出现期间被SWAN观测到。在这段时间内，活动水平保持非常相似，没有长期衰减或突然下降。彗星41 P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak在2001年，2006年和2017年的近日点出现时被SWAN观测到，并且在同一时期活动显着减少。在1973年，它以大爆发而闻名，在2001年（2次爆发）和2006年（1次爆发）的显灵中继续存在。然而，在SOHO/SWAN观测所涵盖的2001年至2017年期间，水的生产率在其轨道期间的相应时间内大幅下降了10-30倍。
英文摘要：
In 2017, 2018 and 2019, comets 46P/Wirtanen, 45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova, and 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak all had perihelion passages. Their hydrogen comae were observed by the Solar Wind ANisotropies (SWAN) all-sky hydrogen Lyman-alpha Camera on the SOlar and Heliospheric Observer (SOHO) satellite: comet 46P for the fourth time and comets 45P and 41P for the third time each since 1997. Comet 46P/Wirtanen is one of a small class of so-called hyperactive comets whose gas production rates belie their small size. This comet was the original target comet of the Rosetta mission. The Solar Wind ANisotropies (SWAN) all-sky hydrogen Lyman-alpha camera on the SOlar and Heliospheric Observer (SOHO) satellite observed the hydrogen coma of comet 46P/Wirtanen during the apparitions of 1997, 2002, 2008 and 2018. Over the 22 years, the activity decreased and its variation with heliocentric distance has changed markedly in a way very similar to that of another hyperactive comet, 103P/Hartley 2. Comet 45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova was observed by SWAN during its perihelion apparitions of 2001, 2011 and 2017. Over this time period the activity level has remained remarkably similar, with no long-term fading or abrupt decreases. Comet 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak was observed by SWAN in its perihelion apparitions of 2001, 2006 and 2017 and has decreased in activity markedly over the same time period. In 1973 it was known for large outbursts, which continued during the 2001 (2 outbursts) and 2006 (1 outburst) apparitions. However, over the 2001 to 2017 time period covered by the SOHO/SWAN observations the water production rates have greatly decreased by factors of 10-30 over corresponding times during its orbit.
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