下一个十年（2023-2032）地基和天基遥感研究彗星挥发物的关键作用
The Crucial Role of Ground- and Space-Based Remote Sensing Studies of Cometary Volatiles in the Next Decade (2023-2032)
摘要：
对彗星的研究为了解太阳系的诞生、婴儿期和随后的历史提供了一个独特的窗口。有强有力的证据表明，彗星合并了原始的星际物质以及处理过的星云物质，这为了解行星形成时太阳星云的组成和主要条件提供了线索。动态的新奥尔特云彗星拥有原始冰，这些冰已经从太阳储存了数千个天文单位，并且自从它们在大约4.5 Gyr前就位以来遭受了最小的热或辐射处理。周期性的、更动态演化的彗星，如哈雷型彗星和哈雷族彗星，揭示了在一系列日心距离上生活的影响，包括近日点进入太阳系内部。系统地描述这些天体的原生冰成分中的信息对于理解太阳系的形成和演化、类地行星上有机物质和水的存在、其他恒星周围原行星盘中的化学物质以及星际闯入者（如2 I/Borisov）的性质至关重要。虽然彗星会合和样品返回飞行任务可以提供对少数短周期彗星特性的显著了解，但只有遥感观测才能提供进行群体级彗星研究所需的空中能力，同时对单个彗星所能揭示的具有挑战性的科学保持敏感。在这里，我们报告了地面和太空彗星挥发物遥感的最新技术，回顾了过去十年的显着进展，阐明了地面和太空工作将解决的紧迫问题未来十年，并倡导实现这些愿望所需的技术和资源。
英文摘要：
The study of comets affords a unique window into the birth, infancy, and subsequent history of the solar system. There is strong evidence that comets incorporated pristine interstellar material as well as processed nebular matter, providing insights into the composition and prevailing conditions over wide swaths of the solar nebula at the time of planet formation. Dynamically new Oort cloud comets harbor primitive ices that have been stored thousands of astronomical units from the Sun and have suffered minimal thermal or radiative processing since their emplacement ~4.5 Gyr ago. Periodic, more dynamically evolved comets such as the Halley-type and Jupiter-family comets reveal the effects of lives spent over a range of heliocentric distances, including perihelion passages into the very inner solar system. Systematically characterizing the information imprinted in the native ice compositions of these objects is critical to understanding the formation and evolution of the solar system, the presence of organic matter and water on the terrestrial planets, the chemistry present in protoplanetary disks around other stars, and the nature of interstellar interlopers such as 2I/Borisov. Although comet rendezvous and sample return missions can provide remarkable insights into the properties of a few short-period comets, the on-sky capacity necessary to perform population-level comet studies while simultaneously remaining sensitive to the paradigm-challenging science that individual comets can reveal can only be provided by remote sensing observations. Here we report the state-of-the-art in ground- and space-based remote sensing of cometary volatiles, review the remarkable progress of the previous decade, articulate the pressing questions that ground- and space-based work will address over the next ten years, and advocate for the technology and resources necessary to realize these aspirations.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
