现场观测彗星核的分光光度分析（PhD论文）
Spectrophotometric analysis of cometary nuclei from in situ observations (PhD thesis)
摘要：
这项工作的主题是彗星，小而难以捉摸的对象，可能持有关于太阳系和地球上生命的起源的巨大秘密，是最原始的对象之一。这项工作所涉及的调查方法是成像光谱仪的可见光和红外分光光度法，设计用于观测遥远的行星大气和表面，能够获得高空间和光谱分辨率的超光谱数据。第一章描述了这一使命的背景。第二章详细分析了Rosetta航天器上的VIRTS仪器的性能。特别是信噪比的建模是本章的主要论点。第三章展示了彗星核可能光谱的模拟，这对于与真实光谱的比较和观测计划都很有用。Hapke的辐射转移模型用于反演所获取的数据以推断物理性质。第四章介绍了一种光谱建模方法。它包括关于仪器噪声的信息，允许分析模型的优良性，以及估计检索到的参数的误差。第五章介绍了深度撞击号探测器探测到的坦普尔1号和哈特利2号卫星的光谱分析及其扩展研究。第六章介绍了罗塞塔号在巡航阶段遇到的Lutetia小行星的光度分析。这项工作为分析罗塞塔的最终目标：彗星67 P/丘留莫夫-格拉西缅科铺平了道路。VIRTIS团队目前正在使用所介绍的工具来制作彗星上的作品，并推荐给读者。由于对彗星的完整分析超出了这项工作的范围，这里只显示了初步结果。
英文摘要：
Topic of this work are comets, small and elusive objects that may hold great secrets about the origin of the Solar System and life on Earth, being among the most primitive objects. The method of investigation addressed in this work is the visible and infrared spectrophotometry by imaging spectrometers, designed for the observation of remote planetary atmospheres and surfaces, capable to acquire hyperspectral data with high spatial and spectral resolution. The context under which this mission moves its steps is described in the first chapter. In the second chapter the performances of the VIRTS instrument, onboard Rosetta spacecraft, are analyzed in detail. In particular the modeling of the signal to noise ratio is the main argument of this chapter. The third chapter shows simulations of possible spectra of the comet's nucleus, which are useful for both a comparison with real spectra, and for a planning of the observations. Hapke's radiative transfer model is used to invert acquired data to infer physical properties. The fourth chapter introduces a method for spectral modeling. It includes the information on the instrumental noise, permitting the analysis of the goodness of the models, and an estimation of the error of the retrieved parameters. The fifth chapter presents the spectral analysis of Tempel 1 and Hartley 2 whose data are coming from Deep Impact space mission and its extended investigation. The sixth chapter shows the photometric analysis of Lutetia asteroid, which was encountered by Rosetta during its cruise phase. This work have paved the way to the analysis of the final target of Rosetta: comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The tools presented are currently used by the VIRTIS Team to produce works on the comet, that are recommended to the reader. Since a complete analysis on the comet is outside the scope of this work, just preliminary results are shown here.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
