Let $p$ be an odd prime. Let $F/k$ be a cyclic extension of degree $p$ and of characteristic different from $p$. The explicit constructions of the non-abelian $p^{3}$-extensions over $k$, are induced by certain elements in ${F(μ_{p})}^{*}$. In this paper we let $k=\QQ$ and present sufficient conditions for these elements to be suitable for the constructions. Polynomials for the non-abelian groups of order 27 over $\QQ$ are constructed. We describe explicit realizations of those groups with exactly two ramified primes, without consider Scholz conditions.
Let $K$ be an imaginary quadratic field and $K_\infty$ be the $\mathbf{Z}_p^2$-extension of $K$. Answering a question of Ahmed and Lim, we show that the Pontryagin dual of the Selmer group associated to a supersingular polarized abelian variety admits an algebraic functional equation. The proof uses the theory of $Γ$-system developed by Lai, Longhi, Tan and Trihan. We also show the algebraic functional equation holds for Sprung's chromatic Selmer groups of supersingular elliptic curves along $K_\infty$.
We study the capitulation of $2$-ideal classes of an infinite family of imaginary bicyclic biquadratic number fields consisting of fields $\mathbf{k} =\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{p_1p_2q}, i)$, where $i=\sqrt{-1}$ and $p_1\equiv p_2\equiv-q\equiv1 \pmod 4$ are different primes. For each of the three quadratic extensions $\mathbf{K}/\mathbf{k}$ inside the absolute genus field $\mathbf{k}^{(*)}$ of $\mathbf{k}$, we compute the capitulation kernel of $\mathbf{K}/\mathbf{k}$. Then we deduce that each strongly ambiguous class of $\mathbf{k}/\mathbb{Q}(i)$ capitulates already in $\mathbf{k}^{(*)}$, which is sm…
Let $D \le 2000$ be a positive discriminant such that $F = \mathbf{Q}(\sqrt{D})$ has narrow class one, and $A/F$ an abelian surface of ${\rm GL}_2$-type with everywhere good reduction. Assuming that $A$ is modular, we show that $A$ is either an $F$-surface or is a base change from $\mathbf{Q}$ of an abelian surface $B$ such that ${\rm End}_{\mathbf{Q}}(B) = \mathbf{Z}$, except for $D = 353, 421, 1321, 1597$ and $1997$. In the latter case, we show that there are indeed abelian surfaces with everywhere good reduction over $F$ for $D = 353, 421$ and $1597$, which are non-isogenous to their Galois…
Let $G$ be some metabelian $2$-group satisfying the condition $G/G'\simeq \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$. In this paper, we construct all the subgroups of $G$ of index $2$ or $4$, we give the abelianization types of these subgroups and we compute the kernel of the transfer map. Then we apply these results to study the capitulation problem of the $2$-ideal classes of some fields $\mathbf{k}$ satisfying the condition $\mathrm{G}al(\mathbf{k}_2^{(2)}/\mathbf{k})\simeq G$, where $\mathbf{k}_2^{(2)}$ is the second Hilbert $2$-class field of $\mathbf{…
Let $\overlineρ: G_{\mathbf{Q}} \rightarrow {\rm GSp}_4(\mathbf{F}_3)$ be a continuous Galois representation with cyclotomic similitude character -- or, what turns out to be equivalent, the Galois representation associated to the $3$-torsion of a principally polarized abelian surface $A/\mathbf{Q}$. We prove that the moduli space $\mathcal{A}_2(\overlineρ)$ of principally polarized abelian surfaces $B/\mathbf{Q}$ admitting a symplectic isomorphism $B[3] \simeq \overlineρ$ of Galois representations is never rational over $\mathbf{Q}$ when $\overlineρ$ is surjective, even though it is both ratio…
A conjecture of Coleman implies that only finitely many quaternion algebras over the rational numbers can be the endomorphism $\mathbf{Q}$-algebras of abelian surfaces over the complex numbers which can be defined over $\mathbf{Q}$. One may think of this as a higher-dimensional version of the Gauss Class Number problem. Before now, no one has ruled out quaternion algebras over $\mathbf{Q}$ not already ruled out by the Albert classification. We rule out infinitely many such quaternion algebras by showing that for infinitely many $D$, the Atkin-Lehner quotient Shimura curve $X^D/w_D$ has no $\ma…
Let $h$ be a positive integer and let $\varepsilon > 0$. The Haight-Ruzsa method produces a positive integer $m^*$ and a subset $A$ of the additive abelian group $\mathbf{Z}/m^*\mathbf{Z}$ such that the difference set is large in the sense that $A-A = \mathbf{Z}/m^*\mathbf{Z}$ and $h$-fold sumset is small in the sense that $|hA| < \varepsilon m^*$. This note describes, and in a modest way extends, the Haight-Ruzsa argument, and constructs sets with more differences than multiple sums in other additive abelian groups.
Let $F$ be a number field unramified at an odd prime $p$ and $F_\infty$ be the $\mathbf{Z}_p$-cyclotomic extension of $F$. Let $A$ be an abelian variety defined over $F$ with good supersingular reduction at all primes of $F$ above $p$. Büyükboduk and the first named author have defined modified Selmer groups associated to $A$ over $F_\infty$. Assuming that the Pontryagin dual of these Selmer groups are torsion $\mathbf{Z}_p[[\mathrm{Gal}(F_\infty/F)]]$-modules, we give an explicit sufficient condition for the rank of the Mordell-Weil group $A(F_n)$ to be bounded as $n$ varies.
We study solutions to the Brauer embedding problem with restricted ramification. Suppose $G$ and $A$ are a abelian groups, $E$ is a central extension of $G$ by $A$, and $f:\text{Gal}(\overline{\mathbf{Q}}/\mathbf{Q})\rightarrow G$ a continuous homomorphism. We determine conditions on the discriminant of $f$ that are equivalent to the existence of an unramified lift $\widetilde{f}:\text{Gal}(\overline{\mathbf{Q}}/\mathbf{Q})\rightarrow E$ of $f$. As a consequence of this result, we use conditions on the discriminant of $K$ for $K/\mathbf{Q}$ abelian to classify and count unramified nonabelian e…
Given a genus two curve $X: y^2 = x^5 + a x^3 + b x^2 + c x + d$, we give an explicit parametrization of all other such curves $Y$ with a specified symplectic isomorphism on three-torsion of Jacobians $\mbox{Jac}(X)[3] \cong \mbox{Jac}(Y)[3]$. It is known that under certain conditions modularity of $X$ implies modularity of infinitely many of the $Y$, and we explain how our formulas render this transfer of modularity explicit. Our method centers on the invariant theory of the complex reflection group $C_3 \times \operatorname{Sp}_4(\mathbf{F}_3)$. We discuss other examples where complex reflec…
In this paper we study the wild part of the finite monodromy groups of abelian varieties over number fields. We solve Grunwald problems for groups of the form $\mathbf{Z}/p\mathbf{Z}\wr \mathfrak{S}_n$ over number fields to build CM abelian varieties with maximal wild finite monodromy in the odd prime case. For the even prime case we prove a new bound on the 2-part of the order of the finite monodromy group for CM abelian varieties and build varieties that reach it.
Let $p$ be a prime, $k$ a finite extension of $\mathbf{F}_p$ of cardinal $q$, $l$ a finite extension of $k$ of group $Σ=\mathrm{Gal}(l|k)$, and $T$ a subgroup of $l^\times$. Using the method of "little groups", we classify irreducible $\mathbf{F}_p$-representations of the group $G=T\times_qΣ$, the twisted product of $Σ$ with the $Σ$-module $T$. We then use these results to classify irreducible continuous $\mathbf{F}_p$-representations of the profinite group of automorphisms $\mathrm{Gal}(\tilde K|K)$ of the maximal galoisian extension $\tilde K$ of a local field $K$ with residue field $k$.
We prove analogues of the major algebraic results of Greenberg-Vatsal for Selmer groups of $p$-ordinary newforms over $\mathbf{Z}_p$-extensions which may be neither cyclotomic nor anticyclotomic, under a number of technical hypotheses, including a cotorsion assumption on the Selmer groups. The main complication which arises in our work is the possible presence of finite primes which can split completely in the $\mathbf{Z}_p$-extension being considered, resulting in the local cohomology groups that appear in the definition of the Selmer groups being significantly larger than they are in the cas…
Let $\ell$ be a prime number and let $E$ and $E'$ be $\ell$-isogenous elliptic curves defined over a finite field $k$ of characteristic $p \ne \ell$. Suppose the groups $E(k)$ and $E'(k)$ are isomorphic, but $E(K) \not \simeq E'(K)$, where $K$ is an $\ell$-power extension of $k$. In a previous work we have shown that, under mild rationality hypotheses, the case of interest is when $\ell=2$ and $K$ is the unique quadratic extension of $k$. In this paper we study the likelihood of such an occurrence by fixing a pair of 2-isogenous elliptic curves $E$, $E'$ over ${\mathbf{Q}}$ and asking for the …
In the first part of this work, we have considered a moduli space $B_g$ classifying principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension $g$ endowed with a symplectic-Hodge basis, and we have constructed the higher Ramanujan vector fields $(v_{kl})_{1\le k\le l \le g}$ on it. In this second part, we study these objects from a complex analytic viewpoint. We construct a holomorphic map $φ_g : \mathbf{H}_g \to B_g(\mathbf{C})$, where $\mathbf{H}_g$ denotes the Siegel upper half-space of genus $g$, satisfying the system of differential equations $\frac{1}{2πi}\frac{\partial φ_g}{\partial τ_{kl}}=v…
We describe a higher dimensional generalization of Ramanujan's differential equations satisfied by the Eisenstein series $E_2$, $E_4$, and $E_6$. This will be obtained geometrically as follows. For every integer $g\ge 1$, we construct a moduli stack $\mathcal{B}_g$ over $\mathbf{Z}$ classifying principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension $g$ equipped with a suitable additional structure: a symplectic-Hodge basis of its first algebraic de Rham cohomology. We prove that $\mathcal{B}_g$ is a smooth Deligne-Mumford stack over $\mathbf{Z}$ of relative dimension $2g^2 + g$ and that $\mathca…
In this paper we find the genus field of finite abelian extensions of the global rational function field. We introduce the term conductor of constants for these extensions and determine it in terms of other invariants. We study the particular case of finite abelian $p$--extensions and give an explicit description of their genus field.
For a totally real field $F$, a finite extension $\mathbf{F}$ of $\mathbf{F}_p$ and a Galois character $χ: G_F \to \mathbf{F}^{\times}$ unramified away from a finite set of places $Σ\supset \{\mathfrak{p} \mid p\}$ consider the Bloch-Kato Selmer group $H:=H^1_Σ(F, χ^{-1})$. In an earlier paper of the authors it was proved that the number $d$ of isomorphism classes of (non-semisimple, reducible) residual representations $\overlineρ$ giving rise to lines in $H$ which are modular by some $ρ_f$ (also unramified outside $Σ$) satisfies $d \geq n:= \dim_{\mathbf{F}} H$. This was proved under the assu…
In this work we present some arithmetic properties of families of abelian $p$--extensions of global function fields, among which are their generators and their type of ramification and decomposition.
We show that, for an abelian variety defined over a $p$-adic field $K$ which has potential good reduction, its torsion subgroup with values in the composite field of $K$ and a certain Lubin-Tate extension over a $p$-adic field is finite.
This paper contains three parts. In the first part, we give a thorough overview of the theory of Artin-Schreier-Witt extensions: this theory allows one to understand the $\mathbf{Z}/p^n\mathbf{Z}$-extensions of any field $K$ of characteristic $p$ via $p$-typical Witt vectors. Let $W_n(K)$ be the ring of $p$-typical Witt vectors of $K$ of length $n$ and let $\wp = F-\mathrm{id}: W_n(K)\longrightarrow W_n(K)$, where $F$ is the Frobenius map and $\mathrm{id}$ is the identity map. Artin-Schreier-Witt theory tells us that the abelian group $W_n(K)/\wp W_n(K)$ represents the set of $\mathbf{Z}/p^n\m…
The paper deals with a problem of Additive Combinatorics. Let ${\mathbf G}$ be a finite abelian group of order $N$. We prove that the number of subset triples $A,B,C\subset {\mathbf G}$ such that for any $x\in A$, $y\in B$ and $z\in C$ one has $x+y\ne z$ equals $$ 3\cdot 4^N+N3^{N+1} + O((3-c_*)^N) $$ for some absolute constant $c_*>0$. This provides a tight estimate for the number of independent sets in a special 3-uniform linear hypergraph and gives a support for the natural conjecture concerning the maximal possible number of independent sets in such hypergraphs on $n$ vertices.
The aim of this article is to given an extension of the prismatization functor for $p$-adic formal schemes (whose construction was first sketched by Drinfeld and then given by Bhatt-Lurie) to all schemes over $\mathrm{Spec}(\mathbf{Z})$. We then prove some basic properties of this extension (algebraicity, flatness for syntomic morphisms, perfectness of cohomology) and show that for smooth schemes over $\mathbf{Q}$ this construction recovers (a version of) the filtered de Rham stack.
We address the following natural but hitherto unstudied question: what are the possible linear extension numbers of an $n$-element poset? Let $\mathbf{LE}(n)$ denote the set of all positive integers that arise as the number of linear extensions of some $n$-element poset. We show that $\mathbf{LE}(n)$ skews towards the "small" end of the interval $[1,n!]$. More specifically, $\mathbf{LE}(n)$ contains all of the positive integers up to $\exp\left(c\frac{n}{\log n}\right)$ for some absolute constant $c$, and $|\mathbf{LE}(n) \cap ((n-1)!,n!]|<(n-3)!$. The proof of the former statement involves so…
Let $\{ρ_\ell\}_\ell$ be the system of $\ell$-adic representations arising from the $i$th $\ell$-adic cohomology of a complete smooth variety $X$ defined over a number field $K$. Let $Γ_\ell$ and $\mathbf{G}_\ell$ be respectively the image and the algebraic monodromy group of $ρ_\ell$. We prove that the reductive quotient of $\mathbf{G}_\ell^\circ$ is unramified over every degree 12 totally ramified extension of $\mathbb{Q}_\ell$ for all sufficiently large $\ell$. We give a necessary and sufficient condition $(\ast)$ on $\{ρ_\ell\}_\ell$ such that for all sufficiently large $\ell$, the subgrou…
Among abelian extensions of a congruence function field, an asymptotic relation of class number and genus is established. The proof is classical, employing well-known results from congruence function field theory.
