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arXiv 0810.5688math.AGmath.AC
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P^{n+2}中余维2子格式的联络不变量和Hilbert格式

Liaison invariants and the Hilbert scheme of codimension 2 subschemes in P^{n+2}

Jan O. Kleppe

摘要:

本文研究了等维局部Cohen-Macaulay余维2子格式的Hilbert格式,Hilbert(P),特别是P^4中的曲面和P^5中的3重,以及常上同调的Hilbert格式分层H_{c}。对Hilb(P)中的每个(X),我们用X的齐次理想的分次贝蒂数定义了一个数δ_X,并证明了1 + δ_X - \dim_{(X)} H_{c}和1 + δ_X - \dim T_{c}是CI-biliaison不变量,其中T_{c}是H_{c}在(X)处的切空间.作为推论,我们得到了Hilb(P)的任一广义光滑分支的维数关于δ_X和CI-biliaison不变量的公式。在这种情况下,两个不变量相等。回想一下,对于空间曲线C,Martin-Deschamps和Perrin已经证明了“态射”的光滑性,H_{c} -> E =分次Artin模的同构类,通过将C发送到其Rao-模上给出。对于P^4中的曲面X,我们有两个Rao-模M_i和一个在Ext^2(M_2,M_1)中的诱导扩张b,以及Horrocks和Rao的一个结果,即有限长模M_i的三元组D:=(M_1,M_2,b)和一个如上所述的扩张b确定一个直到biliaison的曲面X。证明了与b交换的分次Artin模M_i的对应“态射”,H_{c} -> V =同构类是光滑的,并得到了H_{c}的一个光滑性准则.此外,我们还得到了Hilb(P)的一些光滑性结果,这些结果对3-折叠也是有效的,并给出了有障碍曲面和3-折叠的例子。本文证明的连接结果对于确定H_{c}的结构和维数以及证明上述主要的biliaison定理是有用的。

英文摘要:

In this paper we study the Hilbert scheme, Hilb(P), of equidimensional locally Cohen-Macaulay codimension 2 subschemes, with a special look to surfaces in P^4 and 3-folds in P^5, and the Hilbert scheme stratification H_{c} of constant cohomology. For every (X) in Hilb(P) we define a number δ_X in terms of the graded Betti numbers of the homogeneous ideal of X and we prove that 1 + δ_X - \dim_{(X)} H_{c} and 1 + δ_X - \dim T_{c} are CI-biliaison invariants where T_{c} is the tangent space of H_{c} at (X). As a corollary we get a formula for the dimension of any generically smooth component of Hilb(P) in terms of δ_X and the CI-biliaison invariant. Both invariants are equal in this case. Recall that, for space curves C, Martin-Deschamps and Perrin have proved the smoothness of the ``morphism'', H_{c} -> E = isomorphism classes of graded artinian modules, given by sending C onto its Rao-module. For surfaces X in P^4 we have two Rao-modules M_i and an induced extension b in Ext^2(M_2,M_1) and a result of Horrocks and Rao saying that a triple D := (M_1,M_2,b) of modules M_i of finite length and an extension b as above determine a surface X up to biliaison. We prove that the corresponding ``morphism'', H_{c} -> V = isomorphism classes of graded artinian modules M_i commuting with b, is smooth, and we get a smoothness criterion for H_{c}. Moreover we get some smoothness results for Hilb(P), valid also for 3-folds, and we give examples of obstructed surfaces and 3-folds. The linkage result we prove in this paper turns out to be useful in determining the structure and dimension of H_{c}, and for proving the main biliaison theorem above.

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