The development of large-area homogeneous photo-detectors with sub-millimeter path lengths for direct Cherenkov light and for secondary-electrons opens the possibility of large time-of-flight systems for relativistic particles with resolutions in the pico-second range. Modern ASIC techniques allow fast multi-channel front-end electronics capable of sub-pico-second resolution directly integrated with the photo-detectors. However, achieving resolution in the pico-second range requires a precise knowledge of the signal generation process in order to understand the pulse waveform, the signal dynamics, and the noise induced by the detector itself, as well as the noise added by the processing electronics. Using the parameters measured for fast photo-detectors such as micro-channel plates photo-multipliers, we have simulated and compared the time-resolutions for four signal processing techniques: leading edge discriminators, constant fraction discriminators, multiple-threshold discriminators and pulse waveform sampling.
μRWELL-PICOSEC: Precision Timing with Resistive Micro-Well Detector
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility(托马斯·杰斐逊国家加速器设施);IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay(IRFU, 法国原子能和替代能源委员会, 巴黎萨克雷大学);Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki(塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学物理系);Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH)(跨学科研究与创新中心);Department for Medical Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学医学物理系);European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)(欧洲核子研究组织);Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia(帕维亚大学物理系);INFN Sezione di Pavia(意大利国家核物理研究所帕维亚分部);Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University(石溪大学物理与天文学系);Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, NCSR Demokritos(国家科学研究中心德谟克利特研究所核与粒子物理研究所)
Front-end Electronics for Timing with pico-seconds precision using 3D Trench Silicon Sensors
下一代对撞机实验要求跟踪探测器在空间分辨率(几十个$μ\text{m}$)、辐射硬度($10^{17}~1~$ MeV n $_{eq}/$ cm $^2$)和定时分辨率(几十个ps)方面具有极端的性能能力。最近在TimeSPOT计划中开发的3D硅传感器为应对此类苛刻要求提供了可行的解决方案。为了准确地描述这些新的传感器的定时性能,几个读出板,基于离散有源元件,已设计,组装和测试。相同的电子器件也适用于类似像素传感器的表征,只要要求时序性能在10 ps以下。本文介绍了前端电子所需的一般特性,利用固态传感器与快速定时能力,特别是展示了性能的快速3D硅传感器的测试和表征的开发电子。
Signal Processing and Machine Learning Algorithms for Precise Timing with PICOSEC Micromegas Detectors
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki(塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学);Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH)(跨学科研究与创新中心);University of Hamburg(汉堡大学)
Spatial resolution improvement of PICOSEC Micromegas precise timing detectors
CERN(欧洲核子研究组织);Aristotle University of Thessaloniki(塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学);Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学);Stony Brook University(石溪大学);NCSR Demokritos(德谟克利特国家科学研究中心);Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP)(粒子物理与实验仪器实验室);University of Helsinki(赫尔辛基大学);Jefferson Lab(杰斐逊国家加速器装置);University of Zagreb(萨格勒布大学);University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学);University of Bonn(波恩大学);CEA-Saclay(法国原子能和替代能源委员会萨克雷中心);National Technical University of Athens(雅典国立技术大学);Ruđer Bošković Institute(鲁杰尔·博什科维奇研究所);University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚大学)
Timing performance of large prototype based on $\upmu$RWELL- PICOSEC detector technology with $10 \times 10\ \mathrm{cm}^{2}$ active area
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)(欧洲核子研究中心);Aristotle University of Thessaloniki(塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学);Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH)(跨学科研究与创新中心);Institut de Recherche sur les lois Fondamentales de l’Univers (IRFU, CEA)(基础定律宇宙研究所);Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学)
Design and Performance of a 96-channel Resistive PICOSEC Micromegas Detector for ENUBET
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki(塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学);Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学);CERN(欧洲核子研究组织);Stony Brook University(石溪大学);NCSR Demokritos(德墨忒勒斯国家科学研究中心);University of Bonn(波恩大学);LIP(粒子物理与实验仪器实验室);University of Helsinki(赫尔辛基大学);Jefferson Lab(杰斐逊实验室);University of Zagreb(萨格勒布大学);University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学);CEA-Saclay(法国原子能和替代能源委员会萨克雷中心);National Technical University of Athens(雅典国立技术大学);Ruđer Bošković Institute(鲁德·博什科维奇研究所);University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚大学)
Development and testing of cost-effective, 6 cm x 6 cm MCP-based photodetectors for fast timing applications
基于微通道板(MCP)的光电探测器具有皮秒级的时间分辨率和亚毫米级的位置分辨率,这使得它们成为下一代大面积光电探测器的理想候选者。大面积皮秒光电探测器(LAPPD)合作正在开发基于新MCP制造和功能化方法的大面积光电探测器的新技术。在阿贡国家实验室(ANL)构建了小型单管处理系统(SmSTPS),用于开发基于通过原子层沉积(ALD)功能化的MCP的可扩展的、具有成本效益的、玻璃体的、6 cm x 6 cm的皮秒光电探测器。最近,已经制造了许多由具有20微米孔的MCP制成的完全加工和气密密封的原型。这是LAPPD项目的一个重要里程碑。这些原型的特点是与脉冲激光测试设备。在没有优化的情况下,原型显示出优异的结果:单光电子模式的时间分辨率为~57 ps,多光电子模式的时间分辨率为~15 ps;对于大脉冲,最佳位置分辨率为< 0.8 mm。本文将介绍该系统的管处理系统、探测器组件、实验装置、数据分析和关键性能。
Advances in photocathode development for PICOSEC Micromegas precise-timing detectors
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)(欧洲核子研究组织);University of Turin(都灵大学);Middle East Technical University(中东技术大学);Technion - Israel Institute of Technology(以色列理工学院);IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay(巴黎萨克雷大学CEA IRFU);Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学);Weizmann Institute of Science(魏茨曼科学研究所);Università di Pavia(帕维亚大学);INFN Sezione di Pavia(意大利国家核物理研究院帕维亚分部);Stony Brook University(石溪大学)
Performance Optimization and Characterization of 7-pad Resistive PICOSEC Micromegas Detectors
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki(塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学);Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学);CERN(欧洲核子研究中心);Stony Brook University(石溪大学);NCSR Demokritos(德墨忒尔国家科学研究中心);University of Bonn(波恩大学);Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP)(粒子物理实验与仪器实验室);University of Helsinki(赫尔辛基大学);Jefferson Lab(杰弗逊实验室);University of Zagreb(萨格勒布大学);University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学);CEA-List, Diamond Sensors Laboratory, CEA-Saclay(CEA-列表,钻石传感器实验室,CEA-萨克雷);National Technical University of Athens(雅典国立技术大学);Ruđer Bošković Institute(鲁德·博什科维奇研究所);University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚大学)
MCP-based Photodetectors for Cryogenic Applications
基于阿贡MCP的光电探测器是大面积皮秒光电探测器(LAPPD)项目的一个分支,其中6 cm x 6 cm尺寸的探测器由阿贡国家实验室制造。我们已经成功地建立和测试了我们的第一个探测器的皮秒定时和几毫米的空间分辨率。我们讨论我们的努力,定制这些探测器在低温环境中运行。最初的计划是在液态氩中运行。我们还在探索减轻波长偏移要求的方法,并开发裸MCP光电探测器,以在气态低温环境中工作。
Design, simulation and performance of the resistive-anode PICOSEC Micromegas detector
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)(欧洲核子研究组织);Ruđer Bošković Institute(鲁杰尔博什科维奇研究所);University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing(萨格勒布大学电气工程和计算学院);Aristotle University of Thessaloniki(塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学);Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学);Stony Brook University(石溪大学);NCSR Demokritos(德谟克利特国家科学研究中心);Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas(粒子物理实验与仪器实验室);Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki(赫尔辛基大学赫尔辛基物理研究所);Jefferson Lab(杰斐逊国家加速器设施);University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学);Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn(波恩大学赫尔姆霍茨射线与核物理研究所);Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn(波恩大学物理研究所);CEA-LIST(法国原子能和替代能源委员会列表研究所);Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH)(跨学科研究与创新中心);National Technical University of Athens(雅典国立技术大学)
Temperature Dependence of Gain and Time Resolution in LGAD Detectors
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院高能物理研究所);University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学);Spallation Neutron Source Science Center(散裂中子源科学中心)