We study the regularity of the extremal solution of the semilinear biharmonic equation $\bi u=\fλ{(1-u)^2}$, which models a simple Micro-Electromechanical System (MEMS) device on a ball $B\subset\IR^N$, under Dirichlet boundary conditions $u=\partial_νu=0$ on $\partial B$. We complete here the results of F.H. Lin and Y.S. Yang \cite{LY} regarding the identification of a "pull-in voltage" $\la^*>0$ such that a stable classical solution $u_\la$ with $0<u_\la<1$ exists for $\la\in (0,\la^*)$, while there is none of any kind when $\la>\la^*$. Our main result asserts that the extremal solution $u_{λ^*}$ is regular $(\sup_B u_{λ^*} <1)$ provided $ N \le 8$ while $u_{λ^*} $ is singular ($\sup_B u_{λ^*} =1$) for $N \ge 17$, in which case $1-C_0|x|^{4/3}\leq u_{λ^*} (x) \leq 1-|x|^{4/3}$ on the unit ball, where $ C_0:= <(\frac{λ^*}{\barλ}>)^{1/3}$ and $ \barλ:= \frac{8 (N-{2/3}) (N- {8/3})}{9}$. The singular character of the extremal solution for the remaining cases (i.e., when $9\leq N\leq 16$) requires a computer assisted proof and will not be addressed in this paper.
This paper is devoted to the lifespan of solutions to a damped fourth-order wave equation with logarithmic nonlinearity $$u_{tt}+Δ^2u-Δu-ωΔu_t+α(t)u_t=|u|^{p-2}u\ln|u|.$$ Finite time blow-up criteria for solutions at both lower and high initial energy levels are established, and an upper bound for the blow-up time is given for each case. Moreover, by constructing a new auxiliary functional and making full use of the strong damping term, a lower bound for the blow-up time is also derived.
We consider the Cauchy problem for the fourth order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with derivative nonlinearity $(i\partial _t + Δ^2) u= \pm \partial (|u|^2u)$ on $\mathbb{R} ^d$, $d \ge 3$, with random initial data, where $\partial$ is a first order derivative with respect to the spatial variable, for example a linear combination of $\frac{\partial}{\partial x_1} , \, \dots , \, \frac{\partial}{\partial x_d}$ or $|\nabla |= \mathcal{F}^{-1}[|ξ| \mathcal{F}]$. We prove that almost sure local in time well-posedness, small data global in time well-posedness and scattering hold in $H^s(\mathbb{R}…
In this paper, we consider the relation between $p > 1$ and critical dimension of the extremal solution of the semilinear equation $$\{\begin{array}{lllllll} βΔ^{2}u-τΔu=\fracλ{(1-u)^{p}} & in\ \ B, 0<u\leq 1 & in\ \ B, u=Δu=0 & on\ \ \partial B, \end{array} . $$ where $B$ is the unit ball in $R^{n}$, $λ>0$ is a parameter, $τ>0, β>0,p>1$ are fixed constants. By Hardy-Rellich inequality, we find that when $p$ is large enough, the critical dimension is 13.}
In the present paper, we consider the Cauchy problem of fourth order nonlinear Schrödinger type equations with a derivative nonlinearity. In one dimensional case, we prove that the fourth order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the derivative quartic nonlinearity $\partial _x (\overline{u}^4)$ is the small data global in time well-posed and scattering to a free solution. Furthermore, we show that the same result holds for the $d \ge 2$ and derivative polynomial type nonlinearity, for example $|\nabla | (u^m)$ with $(m-1)d \ge 4$.
We obtain existence and multiplicity results for quasilinear fourth order elliptic equations on $\mathbb{R}^{N}$ with sign-changing potential. Our results generalize some recent results on this problem.
Using a variational method we prove the existence of nodal solutions to prescribed scalar Q- curvature type equations on compact Riemannian manifolds with boundary; these equations are fourth-order elliptic equations with critical Sobolev growth .
We consider nonlinear fourth order elliptic equations of double divergence type. We show that for a certain class of equations where the nonlinearity is in the Hessian, solutions that are C^{2,alpha} enjoy interior estimates on all derivatives.
We find a solution of a quasilinear elliptic equation with Dirichlet's boundary condition on a smooth bounded domain and involving an unbounded continuous nonlinearity with oscillatory behavior near the origin.
We consider a class of fourth order elliptic systems which include the Euler-Lagrange equations of biharmonic mappings in dimension 4 and we prove that weak limit of weak solutions to such systems is again a weak solution to a limit system.
This paper deals with a fourth order elliptic equation on compact Riemannian manifolds.We establish the existence of solutions to the equation with critical Sobolev growth which is the subject of the first theorem. In the second one, we prove the multiplicity of solutions in the subcritical case.
New embeddings of weighted Sobolev spaces are established. Using such embeddings, we obtain the existence and regularity of positive solutions with Navier boundary value problems for a weighted fourth order elliptic equation. We also obtain Liouville type results for the related equation. Some problems are still open.
In this note we complete the study made in a previous paper on a Kirchhoff type equation with a Berestycki-Lions nonlinearity. We also correct Theorem 0.6 inside.
We consider a semilinear elliptic equation in a bounded domain with zero boundary conditions. The nonlinearity is discontinuous and monotone, but it is not a Carathéodory's function. The existence theorem has been proved.
In this paper we compute the Leray Schauder degree for a fourth order elliptic boundary value problem with exponential nonlinearity and Navier boundary condition. This will be made by proving a Poincare'-Hopf type theorem. Moreover by using this result, together with some quantitative results about the formal set of barycenters, we are able to establish a direct and geometrically clear degree counting formula for our problem. We remark that this formula has been proven with complete different methods by Lin Wei and Wang by using blow-up type estimates.
Existence of stationary solutions to a nonlocal fourth-order elliptic obstacle problem arising from the modelling of microelectromechanical systems with heterogeneous dielectric properties is shown. The underlying variational structure of the model is exploited to construct these solutions as minimizers of a suitably regularized energy, which allows us to weaken considerably the assumptions on the model used in a previous article.
We report on some recent existence and uniqueness results for elliptic equations subject to Dirichlet boundary condition and involving a singular nonlinearity. We take into account the following types of problems: (i) singular problems with sublinear nonlinearity and two parameters; (ii) combined effects of asymptotically linear and singular nonlinearities in bifurcation problems; (iii) bifurcation for a class of singular elliptic problems with subquadratic convection term. In some concrete situations we also establish the asymptotic behaviour of the solution around the bifurcation point. Our …
In this paper, we study the following fourth order elliptic problem $$ Δ^2 u=(1+εK(x)) u^{2^*-1}, \quad x\in \mathbb{R}^N $$ where $2^*=\frac{2N}{N-4}$,$N\geq5$, $ ε>0$. We prove that the existence of two peaks solutions for the above problem, if $K(x)$ has two critical points satisfying certain conditions, provided $ε$ is small enough.
We investigate the homogeneous Dirichlet problem in uniformly convex domains for a large class of degenerate elliptic equations with singular zero order term. In particular we establish sharp existence and uniqueness results of positive viscosity solutions.
We consider the existence and multiplicity of solutions for a class of quasi-linear Schrödinger equations which include the modified nonlinear Schrödinger equations. A new perturbation approach is used to treat the sub-cubic nonlinearity.
In this article we prove the global existence of a unique strong solution to the initial boundary-value problem for a fourth-order exponential PDE. The equation we study was originally proposed to study the evolution of crystal surfaces, and was derived by applying a nonstandard scaling regime to a microscopic Markov jump process with Metropolis rates. Our investigation here finds that compared to the PDE's which use Arhenious rates, (and also have a fourth order exponential nonlinearity) the hyperbolic sine nonlinearity in our equation can offer much better control over the exponent term even…
Finite time singularity formation in a fourth order nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) is analyzed. The PDE is a variant of a ubiquitous model found in the field of Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and is studied on a one-dimensional (1D) strip and the unit disc. The solution itself remains continuous at the point of singularity while its higher derivatives diverge, a phenomenon known as quenching. For certain parameter regimes it is shown numerically that the singularity will form at multiple isolated points in the 1D strip case and along a ring of points in the ra…
We investigate existence and uniqueness of solutions to second-order elliptic boundary value problems containing a power nonlinearity applied to a fractional Laplacian. We detect the critical power separating the existence from the non-existence regimes. For the existence results, we make use of a particular class of weighted Sobolev spaces to compensate boundary singularities which are naturally built in the problem.
In this paper we consider the existence of positive solutions for a singular elliptic problem involving an asymtotically linear nonlinearity and depending on one positive parameter. Using variational methods, together with comparison techniques, we show the existence, uniqueness, non-existence and regularity of the solutions. We also obtain a bifurcation-type result.
For a class of one-dimensional linear elliptic fourth-order equations with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions it is shown that a non-positive and non-vanishing right-hand side gives rise to a negative solution. A similar result is obtained for the same class of equations for radially symmetric solutions in a ball or in an annulus. Several applications are given, including applications to nonlinear equations and eigenvalue problems.
In this paper, we prove the existence and regularity of weak positive solutions for a class of nonlinear elliptic equations with a singular nonlinearity, lower order terms and $L^{1}$ datum in the setting of variable exponent Sobolev spaces. We will prove that the lower order term has some regularizing effects on the solutions. This work generalizes some results given in \cite{1}.
We consider NLS on $\T^2$ with multiplicative spatial white noise and nonlinearity between cubic and quartic. We prove global existence, uniqueness and convergence almost surely of solutions to a family of properly regularized and renormalized approximating equations. In particular we extend a previous result by A. Debussche and H. Weber available in the cubic and sub-cubic setting.
The present paper studies the fractional $p$-Laplacian boundary value problems with jumping nonlinearities at zero or infinity and obtain the existence of multiple solutions and sign-changing solutions by constructing the suitable pseudo-gradient vector field of the corresponding energy functional.
We study a Dirichlet problem in the entire space for some nonlocal degenerate elliptic operators with internal nonlinearities. With very mild assumptions on the boundary datum, we prove existence and uniqueness of the solution in the viscosity sense. If we further assume uniform ellipticity then the solution is shown to be classical, and even smooth if both the operator and the boundary datum are smooth.
In the present paper we study the existence of solutions for some classes of singular systems involving the p(x) and q(x) Laplacian operators. The approach is based on bifurcation theory and subsupersolution method for systems of quasilinear equations involving singular terms.
In this paper, we are concerned with stable solutions to the fractional elliptic equation $$ (-Δ)^s u=e^u\mbox{ in }\mathbb R^{N}, $$ where $(-Δ)^s$ is the fractional Laplacian with $0<s<1$. We establish the nonexistence of stable solutions provided that $N<10s$. This result is optimal when $s\uparrow 1$.
We consider an elliptic problem with nonlinear boundary condition involving nonlinearity with superlinear and subcritical growth at infinity and a bifurcation parameter as a factor. We use re-scaling method, degree theory and continuation theorem to prove that there exists a connected branch of positive solutions bifurcating from infinity when the parameter goes to zero. Moreover, if the nonlinearity satisfies additional conditions near zero, we establish a global bifurcation result, and discuss the number of positive solution(s) with respect to the parameter using bifurcation theory and degre…
We examine the equation \[Δ^2 u = λf(u) \qquad Ω, \] with either Navier or Dirichlet boundary conditions. We show some uniqueness results under certain constraints on the parameter $ λ$. We obtain similar results for the sytem {equation*} \{{array}{rrl} -Δu &=& λf(v) \qquad Ω, -Δv &=& γg(u) \qquad Ω, u&=& v = 0 \qquad \partial Omega. {array}. {equation*}
In this paper, based on some prior estimates, we show that the essential spectrum $λ=0$ is a bifurcation point for an superlinear elliptic equation with only local conditions, which generalizes a series of earlier results on an open problem proposed by C. A. Stuart in 1983 [Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1017].
In this work, we study a quasilinear elliptic problem involving the 1-laplacian operator, with a discontinuous, superlinear and subcritical nonlinearity involving the Heaviside function $H(\cdot - β)$. Our approach is based on an analysis of the associated p-laplacian problem, followed by a thorough analysis of the asymptotic behaviour or such solutions as $p \to 1^+$. We study also the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions, as $β\to 0^+$ and we prove that it converges to a solution of the original problem, without the discontinuity in the nonlinearity.
In this paper we present a very simple proof of the existence of at least one non trivial solution for a Kirchhoff type equation on $\RN$, for $N\ge 3$. In particular, in the first part of the paper we are interested in studying the existence of a positive solution to the elliptic Kirchhoff equation under the effect of a nonlinearity satisfying the general Berestycki-Lions assumptions. In the second part we look for ground states using minimizing arguments on a suitable natural constraint.
In this paper, we use variational methods to prove the existence of positive solution for the following class of elliptic equation $$ -ε^{2}Δ{u}+V(z)u=f(u) \,\,\, \mbox{in} \,\,\, \mathbb{R}^{2}, $$ where $ε>0$ is a positive parameter, $V$ is a saddle-like potential and $f$ has an exponential critical growth.
We establish the existence of positive solutions for a nonlinear elliptic Dirichlet problem in dimension $N$ involving the $N$-Laplacian. The nonlinearity considered depends on the gradient of the unknown function and an exponential term. In such case, variational methods cannot be applied. Our approach is based on approximation scheme, where we consider a new class of normed spaces of finite dimension. As a particular case, we extended the result achieved by De Araujo and Montenegro [2016] for any $N>2$.
We obtain heat kernel estimates for a class of fourth order non-uniformly elliptic operators in two dimensions. Contrary to existing results, the operators considered have symbols that are not strongly convex. This rises certain difficulties as it is known that, as opposed to the strongly convex case, there is no absolute exponential constant. Our estimates involve sharp constants and Finsler-type distances that are induced by the operator symbol. The main result is based on two general hypotheses, a weighted Sobolev inequalitry and an interpolation inequality, which are related to the singula…
On a bounded smooth domain we study solutions of a semilinear elliptic equation with an exponential nonlinearity and a Hardy potential depending on the distance to the boundary of the domain. We derive global a priori bounds of the Keller-Osserman type. Using a Phragmen-Lindelof alternative for generalized sub and super-harmonic functions we discuss existence, nonexistence and uniqueness of so-called large solutions, i.e., solutions which tend to infinity at the boundary. The approach develops the one used by the same authors for a problem with a power nonlinearity instead of the exponential n…
We examine the regularity of the extremal solution of the nonlinear eigenvalue problem $Δ^2 u = λf(u)$ on a general bounded domain $Ω$ in $ \IR^N$, with the Navier boundary condition $ u=Δu =0 $ on $ \pOm$. Here $ λ$ is a positive parameter and $f$ is a non-decreasing nonlinearity with $f(0)=1$. We give general pointwise bounds and energy estimates which show that for any convex and superlinear nonlinearity $f$, the extremal solution $ u^*$ is smooth provided $N\leq 5$.
This article deals with a survey of recent developments and results on Choquard equations where we focus on the existence and multiplicity of solutions of the partial differential equations which involve the nonlinearity of convolution type. Because of its nature, these equations are categorized under the nonlocal problems. We give a brief survey on the work already done in this regard following which we illustrate the problems we have addressed. Seeking the help of variational methods and asymptotic estimates, we prove our main results.
In this paper, we concern the isolated singular solutions for semi-linear elliptic equations involving the Hardy-Leray potentials \begin{equation}\label{0} -Δu+\fracμ{|x|^2} u=u^p\quad {\rm in}\quad Ω\setminus\{0\},\qquad u=0\quad{\rm on}\quad \partialΩ. \end{equation} We classify the isolated singularities and obtain the existence, the stability of positive solutions of (\ref{0}). Our results are based on the study of nonhomogeneous Hardy problem in a new distributional sense.
This paper discusses the unique continuation principal of the solutions of the following perturbed fourth order elliptic differential operator $\mathcal{L}_{A,q}u=0$, where \[ \mathcal{L}_{A,q}(x,D)\ =\ \sum_{j=1}^nD^4_{x_j} + \sum_{j=1}^n A_jD_{x_j} + q, \qquad (A, q) \in W^{1,\infty}(Ω,\mathbb{C}^n) \times L^{\infty}(Ω,\mathbb{C}) \] whose principal term is not given by some integer power of the Laplacian operator. We derive some suitable Carleman estimates which is the main tool to prove the unique continuation principle. As a by-product, we also deduce some stability estimate and prove the…
We consider a slightly subcritical Dirichlet problem with a non-power nonlinearity in a bounded smooth domain. For this problem, standard compact embeddings cannot be used to guarantee the existence of solutions as in the case of power-type nonlinearities. Instead, we use a Ljapunov-Schmidt reduction method to show that there is a positive solution which concentrates at a non-degenerate critical point of the Robin function. This is the first existence result for this type of generalized slightly subcritical problems.
We investigate the problem of entire solutions for a class of fourth order, dilation invariant, semilinear elliptic equations with power-type weights and with subcritical or critical growth in the nonlinear term. These equations define non compact variational problems and are characterized by the presence of a term containing lower order derivatives, whose strength is ruled by a parameter λ. We can prove existence of entire solutions found as extremal functions for some Rellich-Sobolev type inequalities. Moreover, when the nonlinearity is suitably close to the critical one and the parameter λ …
This paper deals with the existence and the asymptotic behavior of non-negative solutions for a class of stationary Kirchhoff problems driven by a fractional integro-differential operator $\mathcal L_K$ and involving a critical nonlinearity. The main feature, as well as the main difficulty, of the analysis is the fact that the Kirchhoff function $M$ can be zero at zero, that is the problem is degenerate. The adopted techniques are variational and the main theorems extend in several directions previous results recently appeared in the literature.
We study existence problem for semilinear equations with Borel measure data and operator generated by a symmetric Markov semigroup. We assume merely that the nonlinear part satisfies the so-called sign condition. Using the method of sub and supersolutions we show the existence of maximal measure for which there exists a solution to the problem (the so-called reduced measure introduced by H. Brezis, M. Marcus and A.C. Ponce).
In this paper we prove the existence of infinitely many saddle-shaped positive solutions for non-cooperative nonlinear elliptic systems with bistable nonlinearities in the phase-separation regime. As an example, we prove that the system \[ \begin{cases} -Δu =u-u^3-Λuv^2 -Δv =v-v^3-Λu^2v u,v > 0 \end{cases} \qquad \text{in $\mathbb{R}^N$, with $Λ>1$,} \] has infinitely many saddle-shape solutions in dimension $2$ or higher. This is in sharp contrast with the case $Λ\in (0,1]$, for which, on the contrary, only constant solutions exist.
In this paper, we prove existence and regularity results for solutions of some nonlinear Dirichlet problems for an elliptic equation defined by a degenerate coercive operator and a singular right hand side. \begin{equation}\label{01} \left\{ \begin{array}{lll} -\displaystyle\mbox{div}( a(x,u,\nabla u))&=\displaystyle\frac{f}{u^γ} & \mbox{ in } Ω\\ u&>0 &\mbox{ in }Ω\\ u&=0 &\mbox{ on } δΩ\end{array} \right. \end{equation} where $Ω$ is bounded open subset of $I\!\!R^{N}(N\geq2),$ $γ>0$ and $ f$ is a nonnegative function that belongs to some Lebesgue space.
In this paper, we are concerned with Liouville-type theorems for the nonlinear elliptic equation {equation*} Δ^2 u=|x|^a |u|^{p-1}u\;\ {in}\;\ Ω, {equation*}where $a \ge 0$, $p>1$ and $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ is an unbounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^n$, $n \ge 5$. We prove Liouville-type theorems for solutions belonging to one of the following classes: stable solutions and finite Morse index solutions (whether positive or sign-changing). Our proof is based on a combination of the {\it Pohozaev-type identity}, {\it monotonicity formula} of solutions and a {\it blowing down} sequence, which is used …
We deal with nonlinear weighted biharmonic problem in the unit ball of $\mathbb{R}^{4}$. The weight is of logarithm type. The nonlinearity is critical in view of Adam's inequalities in the weighted Sobolev space $W^{2,2}_{0}(B,w)$. We prove the existence of non trivial solutions via the critical point theory. The main difficulty is the loss of compactness due to the critical exponential growth of the nonlinear term $f$. We give a new growth condition and we point out its importance for checking the Palais-Smale compactness condition.
In this paper we prove the monotonicity of positive solutions to $ -Δ_p u = f(u) $ in half-spaces under zero Dirichlet boundary conditions, for $(2N+2)/(N+2) < p < 2$ and for a general class of regular changing-sign nonlinearities $f$. The techniques used in the proof of the main result are based on a fine use of comparison and maximum principles and on an adaptation of the celebrated moving plane method to quasilinear elliptic equations in unbounded domains.
