Let G be a graph. It was proved that if G is a planar graph without {4, 6, 7}-cycles and without two 5-cycles sharing exactly one edge, then G 3-colorable. We observed that the proof of this result is not correct.
Hu and Li investigate the signed graph version of Erd$\ddot{\mathrm{o}}$s problem: Is there a constant $c$ such that every signed planar graph without $k$-cycles, where $4\leq k\leq c$, is $3$-colorable and prove that each signed planar graph without cycles of length from 4 to 8 is 3-colorable. We give a very short and simple proof of this result and improve it, based on a recent observation.
Size of edge-critical uniquely 3-colorable planar graphs
一个图$G$是\emph{uniquely k-colorable},如果$G$的色数是$k$,并且$G$只有一个$k$ -染色直到颜色的置换.唯一$k$可着色图$G$是边临界图,如果$G-e$对任何边$e\in E(G)$都不是唯一$k$可着色图. Mel'nikov和Steinberg [L. S.梅尔尼科夫河Steinberg,One counterexample for two aesthetures on three coloring,Discrete Math.20(1977)203-206]要求找到一个边临界3-可着色平面图的边数的精确上界。本文给出了边临界唯一3-可着色可平面图的一些性质,并证明了如果$G$是这样的具有$n(\geq6)$顶点的图,则$\frac{8}{3}n-\frac{17}{3}$改进了Matsumoto [N. Matsumoto,边临界唯一3-可着色可平面图的尺寸,Electron. J. Combin。20(3)(2013)$\#$ P49]。此外,我们还找到了一些边临界3-可着色的可平面图,它们的顶点为$n(=10,12, 14)$,边为$\frac{5}{2}n-7$.
An odd coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper coloring such that any non-isolated vertex in $G$ has a coloring appears odd times on its neighbors. The odd chromatic number, denoted by $χ_o(G)$, is the minimum number of colors that admits an odd coloring of $G$. Petruševski and Škrekovski in 2021 introduced this notion and proved that if $G$ is planar, then $χ_o(G)\le9$ and conjectured that $χ_o(G)\le5$. More recently, Petr and Portier improved $9$ to $8$. A graph is $1$-planar if it can be drawn in the plane so that each edge is crossed by at most one other edge. Cranston, Lafferty and Song showe…
DP-coloring is a generalization of list coloring, which was introduced by Dvořák and Postle [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 129 (2018) 38--54]. Zhang [Inform. Process. Lett. 113 (9) (2013) 354--356] showed that every planar graph with neither adjacent triangles nor 5-, 6-, 9-cycles is 3-choosable. Liu et al. [Discrete Math. 342 (2019) 178--189] showed that every planar graph without 4-, 5-, 6- and 9-cycles is DP-3-colorable. In this paper, we show that every planar graph with neither adjacent triangles nor 5-, 6-, 9-cycles is DP-3-colorable, which generalizes these results. Yu et al. gave three Bord…
Plane graphs without 4- and 5-cycles and without ext-triangular 7-cycles are 3-colorable
在[J. A.邦迪大学S. R. Murty,图论,Springer,Berlin,2008]是Steinberg的猜想,它指出每个不含4-和5-圈的可平面图是3-可着色的。本文证明了不含4-圈和5-圈的平面图是3-可着色的,如果它们不含外三角7-圈。这意味着(1)不含4-,5-,7-圈的可平面图是3-可着色的,(2)不含4-,5-,8-圈的可平面图是3-可着色的,这一结果覆盖了文献中由Steinberg猜想所激发的许多已知结果.
In the past various distance based colorings on planar graphs were introduced. We turn our focus to three of them, namely $2$-distance coloring, injective coloring, and exact square coloring. A $2$-distance coloring is a proper coloring of the vertices in which no two vertices at distance $2$ receive the same color, an injective coloring is a coloring of the vertices in which no two vertices with a common neighbor receive the same color, and an exact square coloring is a coloring of the vertices in which no two vertices at distance exactly $2$ receive the same color. We prove that planar graph…
On a Sufficient Condition for Planar Graphs of Maximum Degree 6 to be Totally 7-Colorable
图的全$k$ -染色是将$k$颜色分配给图的顶点和边,使得没有两个相邻或关联的元素接收相同的颜色。全染色猜想(TCC)指出,每个简单图$G$都有全($Δ(G)+2$)-染色,其中$Δ(G)$是$G$的最大度.这一猜想已被最大度至少为7或至多为5的可平面图所证实,即,TCC的唯一开放情况是最大度数6。已知$Δ(G) \geq 9$或$Δ(G) \in \{7, 8\}$的任意平面图$G$都有全$(Δ(G) + 1)$ -染色.特别地,在[Shen and Wang,“On the 7 total colorability of可平面图with maximum degree 6 and without 4-cycles”,Graphs and Combinatorics,25:401-407,2009]中,作者证明了每个最大度为6且不含4-cycles的平面图具有全7-染色。本文改进了这一结果,证明了最大度为6的无钻石无房子平面图是完全7-可染的,如果对某些$\{p,q,\ell\}\in \{\{3,4,4\},\{3,3,4\}\}$,每个6-顶点不与两个相邻的4-圈关联或不与3个$p,q,\ell$圈关联.
Odd coloring is a proper coloring with an additional restriction that every non-isolated vertex has some color that appears an odd number of times in its neighborhood. The minimum number of colors $k$ that can ensure an odd coloring of a graph $G$ is denoted by $χ_o(G)$. We say $G$ is $k$-colorable if $χ_o(G)\le k$. This notion is introduced very recently by Petruševski and Škrekovski, who proved that if $G$ is planar then $ χ_{o}(G) \leq 9 $. A toroidal graph is a graph that can be embedded on a torus. Note that a $K_7$ is a toroidal graph, $χ_{o}(G)\leq7$. In this paper, we proved that, ever…
Bouchet conjectured in 1983 that every flow-admissible signed graph admits a nowhere-zero 6-flow which is equivalent to the restriction to cubic signed graphs. In this paper, we proved that every flow-admissible $3$-edge-colorable cubic signed graph admits a nowhere-zero $10$-flow. This together with the 4-color theorem implies that every flow-admissible bridgeless planar signed graph admits a nowhere-zero $10$-flow. As a byproduct, we also show that every flow-admissible hamiltonian signed graph admits a nowhere-zero $8$-flow.
Odd coloring is a proper coloring with an additional restriction that every non-isolated vertex has some color that appears an odd number of times in its neighborhood. The minimum number of colors $k$ that can ensure an odd coloring of a graph $G$ is denoted by $χ_o(G)$. We say $G$ is odd $k$-colorable if $χ_o(G)\le k$. This notion is introduced very recently by Petruševski and Škrekovski, who proved that if $G$ is planar then $ χ_{o}(G) \leq 9 $. A toroidal graph is a graph that can be embedded on a torus. Note that a $K_7$ is a toroidal graph, $χ_{o}(G)\leq7$. Tian and Yin proved that every …
A $(d,h)$-decomposition of a graph $G$ is an ordered pair $(D, H)$ such that $H$ is a subgraph of $G$ of maximum degree at most $h$ and $D$ is an acyclic orientation of $G-E(H)$ with maximum out-degree at most $d$. In this paper, we prove that for $l \in \{5, 6, 7, 8, 9\}$, every planar graph without $4$- and $l$-cycles is $(2,1)$-decomposable. As a consequence, for every planar graph $G$ without $4$- and $l$-cycles, there exists a matching $M$, such that $G - M$ is $3$-DP-colorable and has Alon-Tarsi number at most $3$. In particular, $G$ is $1$-defective $3$-DP-colorable, $1$-defective $3$-p…
Thomassen proved that all planar graphs are $5$-choosable. Škrekovski strengthened the result by showing that all $K_{5}$-minor-free graphs are $5$-choosable. Dvořák and Postle pointed out that all planar graphs are DP-$5$-colorable. In this note, we first improve these results by showing that every $K_{5}$-minor-free or $K_{3, 3}$-minor-free graph is DP-$5$-colorable. In the final section, we further improve these results under the term strictly $f$-degenerate transversal.