D. Kotschick
We show that the stable commutator length vanishes for certain groups defined as infinite unions of smaller groups. The argument uses a group-theoretic analogue of the Mazur swindle, and goes back to the works of Anderson, Fisher, and Mather on homeomorphism groups.
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The stable torsion length in a group is the stable word length with respect to the set of all torsion elements. We show that the stable torsion length vanishes in crystallographic groups. We then give a linear programming algorithm to compute a lower bound for stable torsion length in free products of groups. Moreover, we obtain an algorithm that exactly computes stable torsion length in free products of finite groups. The nature of the algorithm shows that stable torsion length is rational in this case. As applications, we give the first exact computations of stable torsion length for nontriv…
This paper establishes the existence of a gap for the stable length spectrum on a hyperbolic manifold. If M is a hyperbolic n-manifold, for every positive e there is a positive d depending only on n and on e such that an element of pi_1(M) with stable commutator length less than d is represented by a geodesic with length less than e. Moreover, for any such M, the first accumulation point for stable commutator length on conjugacy classes is at least 1/12. Conversely, "most" short geodesics in hyperbolic 3-manifolds have arbitrarily small stable commutator length. Thus stable commutator length i…
We introduce the stable presentation length of a finitely presented group. The stable presentation length of the fundamental group of a 3-manifold can be considered as an analogue of the simplicial volume. We show that the stable presentation length have some additive properties like the simplicial volume, and the simplicial volume of a closed 3-manifold is bounded from above and below by constant multiples of the stable presentation length of its fundamental group.
We give an algorithm to compute stable commutator length in free products of cyclic groups which is polynomial time in the length of the input, the number of factors, and the orders of the finite factors. We also describe some experimental and theoretical applications of this algorithm.
We show that for any periodic mapping class, there is some power which maps a nonseparating, simple closed curve to a distinct, disjoint nonseparating curve. As an application of this result, we introduce the notion of stable specific torsion length of a group element and show that the stable specific torsion length of a Dehn twist is bounded above by six.
We give new upper bounds on the stable commutator lengths of Dehn twists in mapping class groups and new lower bounds on the stable commutator lengths of Dehn twists in hyperelliptic mapping class groups. In particular, we show that the stable commutator lengths of Dehn twists about a nonseparating and a separating curve on an oriented closed surface of genus 2 are not equal to each other.
We give new upper bounds on the stable commutator lengths of Dehn twists along separating curves in the mapping class group of a closed oriented surface. The estimates of these upper bounds are $O(1/g)$, where $g$ is the genus of the surface.
We give a new upper bound on the stable commutator length of Dehn twists in hyperelliptic mapping class groups, and determine the stable commutator length of some elements. We also calculate values and the defects of homogeneous quasimorphisms derived from ω-signatures, and show that they are linearly independent in the mapping class groups of pointed 2-spheres when the number of points is small.
We show that stable commutator length is rational on free products of free Abelian groups amalgamated over $\mathbb{Z}^k$, a class of groups containing the fundamental groups of all torus knot complements. We consider a geometric model for these groups and parameterize all surfaces with specified boundary mapping to this space. Using this work we provide a topological algorithm to compute stable commutator length in these groups. Further, we use the methods developed to show that in free products of cyclic groups the stable commutator length of a fixed varies quasirationally in the orders of t…
We study stable commutator length on mapping class groups of certain infinite-type surfaces. In particular, we show that stable commutator length defines a continuous function on the commutator subgroups of such infinite-type mapping class groups. We furthermore show that the commutator subgroups are open and closed subgroups and that the abelianizations are finitely generated in many cases. Our results apply to many popular infinite-type surfaces with locally coarsely bounded mapping class groups.
For any group, there is a natural (pseudo-)norm on the vector space B1 of real (group) 1-boundaries, called the stable commutator length norm. This norm is closely related to, and can be thought of as a relative version of, the Gromov (pseudo)-norm on (ordinary) homology. We show that for a free group, the unit ball of this pseudo-norm is a rational polyhedron. It follows that stable commutator length in free groups takes on only rational values. Moreover every element of the commutator subgroup of a free group rationally bounds an injective map of a surface group. The proof of these facts yie…
An orientation is defined on a family of curve graphs on which the Torelli group acts. It is shown that the resulting signed stable length of an element of the Torelli group is a cohomology class. This cohomology class is half the dual of the contraction of the Johnson homomorphism, the socalled "Chillingworth class".
Let $Γ$ be a finite index subgroup of the mapping class group $MCG(Σ)$ of a closed orientable surface $Σ$, possibly with punctures. We give a precise condition (in terms of the Nielsen-Thurston decomposition) when an element $g\inΓ$ has positive stable commutator length. In addition, we show that in these situations the stable commutator length, if nonzero, is uniformly bounded away from 0. The method works for certain subgroups of infinite index as well and we show $scl$ is uniformly positive on the nontrivial elements of the Torelli group. The proofs use our earlier construction in the paper…
On stable commutator length of non-filling curves in surfaces
本文用新方法证明了曲面群中非填充曲线及更一般非填充 1-链的稳定交换子长度具有有理值，并证明其极值曲面存在。
It is proved that the stable commutator length of a Dehn twist in the mapping class group is positive and the tenth power of a Dehn twist about a nonseparating simple closed curve is a product of two commutators. As an application a new proof of the fact that the growth rate of a Dehn twist is linear is given.
We define a quasihomomorphism from braid groups to the concordance group of knots and examine its properties and consequences of its existence. In particular, we provide a relation between the stable four ball genus in the concordance group and the stable commutator length in braid groups, and produce examples of infinite families of concordance classes of knots with uniformly bounded four ball genus. We also provide applications to the geometry of the infinite braid group. In particular, we show that its commutator subgroup admits a stably unbounded conjugation invariant norm. This answers an…
We give elementary applications of quasi-homomorphisms to growth problems in groups. A particular case concerns the number of torsion elements required to factorise a given element in the mapping class group of a surface.
Stable reflection length in Coxeter groups
本文在Coxeter群中引入稳定反射长度以研究反射长度的渐近行为，建立其与稳定换位子长度和稳定挠长度的联系，并完整刻画了反射长度在幂次上无界的元素。
For the pants graph, there is little known about the behaviour of geodesics, as opposed to quasigeodesics. Brock-Masur-Minsky showed that geodesics or geodesic segments connecting endpoints satisfying a bounded combinatorics condition, such as the stable/unstable laminations of a pseudo-Anosov, all have bounded combinatorics, \textit{outside of annuli}. In this paper it is shown that there exist geodesics that also have bounded combinatorics within annuli. These geodesics are shown to have finiteness properties analogous to those of tight geodesics in the complex of curves, from which rational…
We give a new proof of a theorem of D. Calegari that says that the Cayley graph of a surface group with respect to any generating set lying in finitely many mapping class group orbits has infinite diameter. This applies, for instance, to the generating set consisting of all simple closed curves.
Profinite isomorphisms, stable commutator length, and fixed point properties
本文通过构造Grothendieck对，证明稳定交换子长度、准同态等不是有限群不变量，并结合Rips构造与Dehn填充方法进行研究。
In this note, we show that the sets of all stable commutator lengths in the braided Ptolemy-Thompson groups are equal to non-negative rational numbers.
We give examples of foliations that answer two questions posed by Mitsumatsu and Vogt about the genus minimising properties of closed leaves of 2-dimensional foliations on 4-manifolds. By studying stable commutator lengths in certain stable mapping class groups, we also answer an asymptotic version of another question of theirs concerning bounds on self-intersection numbers of multisections in surface bundles.
We establish a spectral gap for stable commutator length (scl) of integral chains in right-angled Artin groups (RAAGs). We show that this gap is not uniform, i.e. there are RAAGs and integral chains with scl arbitrarily close to zero. We determine the size of this gap up to a multiplicative constant in terms of the opposite path length of the defining graph. This result is in stark contrast with the known uniform gap 1/2 for elements in RAAGs. We prove an analogous result for right-angled Coxeter groups. In a second part of this paper we relate certain integral chains in RAAGs to the fractiona…
A one-relator group is a group $G_r$ that admits a presentation $\langle S \mid r \rangle$ with a single relation $r$. One-relator groups form a rich classically studied class of groups in Geometric Group Theory. If $r \in F(S)'$, the commutator subgroup of $F(S)$, we introduce the simplicial volume of $\| G_r \|$. We relate this invariant to the stable commutator length $\textrm{scl}_S(r)$ of the element $r \in F(S)$. We show that often (though not always) the linear relationship $\| G_r \| = 4 \cdot \textrm{scl}_S(r) - 2$ holds and that every rational number modulo $1$ is the simplicial volu…
Let G be a subgroup of PL(I). Then the stable commutator length of every element of [G,G] is zero.
This paper has two parts, on Baumslag-Solitar groups and on general G-trees. In the first part we establish bounds for stable commutator length (scl) in Baumslag-Solitar groups. For a certain class of elements, we further show that scl is computable and takes rational values. We also determine exactly which of these elements admit extremal surfaces. In the second part we establish a universal lower bound of 1/12 for scl of suitable elements of any group acting on a tree. This is achieved by constructing efficient quasimorphisms. Calculations in the group BS(2,3) show that this is the best poss…
An arbitrary homomorphism between groups is nonincreasing for stable commutator length, and there are infinitely many (injective) homomorphisms between free groups which strictly decrease the stable commutator length of some elements. However, we show in this paper that a random homomorphism between free groups is almost surely an isometry for stable commutator length for every element; in particular, the unit ball in the scl norm of a free group admits an enormous number of exotic isometries. Using similar methods, we show that a random fatgraph in a free group is extremal (i.e. is an absolut…
We study stable W-length in groups, especially for W equal to the n-fold commutator gamma_n:=[x_1,[x_2, . . . [x_{n-1},x_n]] . . . ]. We prove that in any perfect group, for any n at least 2 and any element g, the stable commutator length of g is at least as big as 2^{2-n} times the stable gamma_n-length of g. We also establish analogues of Bavard duality for words gamma_n and for beta_2:=[[x,y],[z,w]]. Our proofs make use of geometric properties of the asymptotic cones of verbal subgroups with respect to bi-invariant metrics. In particular, we show that for suitable W, these asymptotic cones …
Stable commutator length on free $\mathbb{Q}$-groups
本文研究自由有理群上的稳定交换子长度，证明非单位元具有正长度，并展示自由有理群包含非定向曲面群的等距嵌入。
In this paper we obtain uniform positive lower bounds on stable commutator length in word-hyperbolic groups and certain groups acting on hyperbolic spaces (namely the mapping class group acting on the complex of curves, and an amalgamated free product acting on the Bass-Serre tree). If G is a word hyperbolic group which is delta hyperbolic with respect to a symmetric generating set S, then there is a positive constant C depending only on delta and on |S| such that every element of G either has a power which is conjugate to its inverse, or else the stable commutator length is at least equal to …
Filling length measures the length of the contracting closed loops in a null-homotopy. The filling length function of Gromov for a finitely presented group measures the filling length as a function of length of edge-loops in the Cayley 2-complex. We give a bound on the filling length function in terms of the log of an isoperimetric function multiplied by a (simultaneously realisable) isodiametric function.
Survey on invariant quasimorphisms and stable mixed commutator length
本文综述不变拟态射与稳定混合交换子长度的理论及进展，涵盖实例、Bavard 对偶、Aut-不变情形、不可延拓空间维数和部分拟态射延拓。
withdrawn and included in our new manuscript "Abelian subgroups of Garside groups", math.GT/0609683
We provide the first example of a finitely presented (in fact, type $F_\infty$) group with elements whose stable commutator length is algebraic and irrational, answering a question of Calegari. Our example is the lift to the real line of the \emph{golden ratio Thompson group} $T_τ$: the circle analogue of the Cleary's golden ratio Thompson group $F_τ$ which acts on the interval.
Surface groups are flexibly stable
本文通过分析双曲曲面的分支覆盖，证明曲面群在置换中灵活稳定，给出首个非平凡的非顺从灵活稳定群例子，并建立其 LERF 性质的定量变体。
The reflection length of an element of a Coxeter group is the minimal number of conjugates of the standard generators whose product is equal to that element. In this paper we prove the conjecture of McCammond and Petersen that reflection length is unbounded in any non-affine Coxeter group. Among the tools used, the construction of word-hyperbolic quotients of all minimal non-affine Coxeter groups might be of independent interest.
The first aim of this paper is to give four types of examples of surface bundles over surfaces with non-zero signature. The first example is with base genus 2, a prescribed signature, a 0-section and the fiber genus greater than a certain number which depends on the signature. This provides a new upper bound on the minimal base genus for fixed signature and fiber genus. The second one gives a new asymptotic upper bound for this number in the case that fiber genus is odd. The third one has a small Euler characteristic. The last is a non-holomorphic example. The second aim is to improve upper bo…
It is shown that there exist finitely generated infinite simple groups of infinite commutator width and infinite square width on which there exists no stably unbounded conjugation-invariant norm, and in particular stable commutator length vanishes. Moreover, a recursive presentation of such a group with decidable word and conjugacy problems is constructed.
The stable commutator length of a relator is not a one-relator group invariant
该研究通过构造两个同构的单关系群，证明关系子的稳定换位子长度并非单关系群不变量，否定了Heuer与Löh提出的相关问题。
Fine projection complex and subsurface homeomorphisms with positive stable commutator length
受[BBF15]启发，构造一族无界拟树，使得连通闭可定向曲面$S_g$（亏格$g\geq 2$）的同胚群$ \mathrm{Homeo}_0(S_g)$通过等距作用在其上有界轨道，并证明保持非零星本质子曲面或同胚于一次边界环面的本质子曲面的某些曲面同胚在$ \mathrm{Homeo}_0(S_g)$中具有正稳定换位子长度，同时给出无需有限性条件的投影复形版本。
Parallel geodesics and minimal stable length of random groups
研究密度d<1/6的随机群G_ℓ(m,d)，证明足够长平行测地线存在单层van Kampen图，给出两两平行测地线数量的d相关上界，并证得该随机群的极小稳定长度恰好为1。
Let $γ_0$ be a curve on a surface $Σ$ of genus $g$ and with $r$ boundary components and let $π_1(Σ)\curvearrowright X$ be a discrete and cocompact action on some metric space. We study the asymptotic behavior of the number of curves $γ$ of type $γ_0$ with translation length at most $L$ on $X$. For example, as an application, we derive that for any finite generating set $S$ of $π_1(Σ)$ the limit $$\lim_{L\to\infty}\frac 1{L^{6g-6+2r}}\{γ\text{ of type }γ_0\text{ with }S\text{-translation length}\le L\}$$ exists and is positive. The main new technical tool is that the function which associates t…
We consider a coarse version of the marked length spectrum rigidity: given a group with two left invariant metrics, if the marked length spectrum (the translation length function) under the two metrics are the same, then the two metrics are uniformly close. We prove the rigidity theorem for relatively hyperbolic groups. This generalizes a result of Fujiwara.
If $G$ is an omega-stable group with a normal definable subgroup $H$, then the Sylow-$2$-subgroups of $G/H$ are the images of the Sylow-$2$-subgroups of $G$.
In this note we prove that finitely generated virtually free groups are stable with respect to a normalized $p$-Schatten norm for $1\leq p < \infty$. In particular, this implies that virtually free groups are Hilbert-Schmidt stable.
Stable Extensions of Complete Groups
本文研究了通过中心因子群构造稳定群的方法，分类了有限稳定群，并证明了存在无限多个此类群。
Coarse geometry of stable mixed commutator length I: duality and functional analysis on chains
本文研究了稳定混合交换子长度与普通稳定交换子长度之间的双利普希茨等价性问题，通过分析与不变拟同态相关的实线性空间W(G,N)的消失性，建立了泛函分析和链空间完成的理论框架。
This work is concerned with the stable norm in word hyperbolic groups as defined by Gromov. We give a short elementary proof of one of its basic property, that is existence of a computable uniform non null lower bound for stable norm in a word hyperbolic group.
We prove that all finitely generated free metabelian groups are permutation stable. This partially answers to the question asked by Levit and Lubotzky whether all finitely generated metabelian groups are permutation stable. Our proof extends the range of application of Levit-Lubotzky's method, which is used to show permutation stability of permutational wreath products of finitely generated abelian groups, to non-split and non-permutational metabelian groups.
We prove that finitely generated virtually free groups are stable in permutations. As an application, we show that almost-periodic almost-automorphisms of labelled graphs are close to periodic automorphisms.
Let c(d) denote the minimal composition length of all finite solvable groups with solvable (or derived) length d. We prove that c(d) equals 0,1,2,4,5,7,8,13,15 when d=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8.
An estimate on the commutator width is given for Chevalley groups over rings of stable rank 1, and the general method suitable for other rings of small dimension.
We compute the rational stable homology of the automorphism groups of free nilpotent groups. These groups interpolate between the general linear groups over the ring of integers and the automorphism groups of free groups, and we employ functor homology to reduce to the abelian case. As an application, we also compute the rational stable homology of the outer automorphism groups and of the mapping class groups of the associated aspherical nil-manifolds in the TOP, PL, and DIFF categories.
In this paper, we present a new method to construct solvable groups with derived length four and four character degrees. We then use this method to present a number of new families of groups with derived length four and four character degrees.
We consider metric ultraproducts of finite groups with respect to some classes of length functions. All sofic groups embed into these ultraproducts. We study embeddings of normed groups. We also show that in some natural situations such an ultraproduct is a simple group.
$p$-Groups with Derived Length Three and Three Character Degrees
本文构造了同时具有导长为三和三个特征标次数的p-群实例，为相关群论研究提供了具体例子。
A theorem by Hall asserts that the multiplication in torsion free nilpotent groups of finite Hirsch length can be facilitated by polynomials. In this note we exhibit explicit Hall polynomials for the torsion free nilpotent groups of Hirsch length at most 5.
Length functions on groups and actions on graphs
本研究推广Chiswell定理，构造反例证明将0双曲性替换为δ双曲性时该定理失效，并提出有限生成群上长度函数的一组公理，保证其与群在Cayley图上作用的长度函数双李普希茨等价。
Twisted group C*-algebras of acylindrically hyperbolic groups have stable rank one
该研究证明了未必具有平凡有限根的柱形双曲群的扭曲群C*-代数具有稳定秩一，拓展了相关算子代数与群论交叉领域的结论。
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