In "Seshadri fibrations of algebraic surfaces" [arXiv:0709.2592v1] we showed that if the multiple point Seshadri constants of an ample line bundle on a smooth projective surface in very general points satisfy certain inequality then the surface is fibred by curves computing these constants. Here we characterize the border case of polarized surfaces whose Seshadri constants in general points fulfill the equality instead of inequality and which are not fibred by Seshadri curves. It turns out that these surfaces are the projective plane and surfaces of minimal degree.
In this paper, we study a relation between Seshadri constants and degrees of defining polynomials. In particular, we compute the Seshadri constants on Fano varieties obtained as complete intersections in rational homogeneous spaces of Picard number one.
We compute Seshadri constants $\eps(X):= \eps(Ø_X(1))$ on $K3$ surfaces $X$ of degrees 6 and 8. Moreover, more generally, we prove that if $X$ is any embedded $K3$ surface of degree $2r-2 \geq 8$ in $\PP^r$ not containing lines, then $1 < \eps(X) <2$ if and only if the homogeneous ideal of $X$ is not generated by only quadrics (in which case $\eps(X)=3/2$).
We prove that the Seshadri constant of a polarized abelian variety is equal to the Seshadri constant of its abelian subvariety if the Seshadri constant is relatively small with respect to its degree, or it contains an abelian divisor which has sufficiently small degree. As an application of these results, we show that the Seshadri constant of a polarized abelian surface is computed by the unique Seshadri curve if the Seshadri constant is small enough. As another application, we compute the Seshadri constants of some non-simple polarized abelian threefolds which contain principally polarized ab…
We study Seshadri constants of the canonical bundle on minimal surfaces of general type. First, we prove that if the Seshadri constant $\eps(K_X,x)$ is between 0 and 1, then it is of the form $(m-1)/m$ for some integer $m\ge 2$. Secondly, we study values of $\eps(K_X,x)$ for a very general point $x$ and show that small values of the Seshadri constant are accounted for by the geometry of $X$.
The aim of this note is to study local and global Seshadri constants for a family of smooth surfaces with prescribed polarization. We shall first observe that given $α$ being smaller than the square root of the degree of polarization, the set of local Seshadri constants in the range $(0, α]$ is finite. This in particular implies that the square root of the degree of polarization is the only possible accumulation point of the set of local Seshadri constants. Next we shall remark the Zariski closedness of the set of points whose local Seshadri constants are in any given interval $(0, a]$. As app…
We compute Seshadri constants of a torus equivariant nef vector bundle on a projective space satisfying certain conditions. As an application, we compute Seshadri constants of tangent bundles on projective spaces. We also consider equivariant nef vector bundles on Bott towers of height 2 (i.e. Hirzebruch surfaces) and Bott towers of height 3 respectively. Assuming some conditions on the minimal slope of the restrictions of these bundles to invariant curves, we give precise values of Seshadri constant at an arbitrary point. We also give several examples illustrating our results.
We study a Seshadri constant at a general point on a rational surface whose anticanonical linear system contains a pencil. First, we describe a Seshadri constant of an ample line bundle on such a rational surface explicitly by the numerical data of the ample line bundle. Secondly, we classify log del Pezzo surfaces which are special in terms of the Seshadri constants of the anticanonical divisors when the anticanonical degree is between 4 and 9.
So far, Seshadri constants on abelian surfaces are completely understood only in the cases of Picard number one and on principally polarized abelian surfaces with real multiplication. Beyond that, there are partial results for products of elliptic curves. In this paper, we show how to compute the Seshadri constant of any nef line bundle on any abelian surface over the complex numbers. We develop an effective algorithm depending only on the basis of the Néron-Severi group to compute not only the Seshadri constants but also the numerical data of their Seshadri curves. Access to the Seshadri curv…
In this paper we consider the question of when all Seshadri constants on a product of two isogenous elliptic curves $E_1\times E_2$ without complex multiplication are integers. By studying elliptic curves on $E_1\times E_2$ we translate this question into a purely numerical problem expressed by quadratic forms. By solving that problem, we show that all Seshadri constants on $E_1\times E_2$ are integers if and only if the minimal degree of an isogeny $E_1\to E_2$ equals 1 or 2. Furthermore, this method enables a characterization of irreducible principal polarizations on $E_1\times E_2$.
We prove that a Fano variety (with arbitrary singularities) of dimension $n$ in positive characteristic is isomorphic to $\mathbb{P}^n$ if the Seshadri constant of the anti-canonical divisor at some smooth point is greater than $n$ and classify Fano varieties whose anti-canonical divisors have Seshadri constants $n$. In characteristic $p>5$ and dimension $3$, we also show that Fano varieties $X$ with Seshadri constants $ε(-K_X,x)>2+ε$ at some smooth point $x\in X$ (for some fixed $ε>0$) have bounded anti-canonical degrees.
We study torus-equivariant vector bundles $E$ on a complex projective variety $X$ which is either a Bott-Samelson-Demazure-Hansen variety or a wonderful compactification of a complex symmetric variety of minimal rank. We show that $E$ is nef (respectively, ample) if and only if its restriction to every torus--invariant curve in $X$ is nef (respectively, ample). We also compute the Seshadri constants $\varepsilon(E,x)$, where $x\, \in\, X$ is any point fixed by the action of a maximal torus.
Consider a polarized abelian variety $(A,L)$ over the field of complex numbers. Following Demailly, one can associate to $(A,L)$ a real number $ε(A,L)$, its {\em Seshadri constant}, which in effect measures how much of the positivity of $L$ can be concentrated at any given point of $A$. There has been considerable recent interest in finding bounds on the Seshadri constants of abelian varieties and on smooth projective varieties in general. In the present paper we first generalize an approach of Buser and Sarnak to give a lower bound on the minimal period length of $(A,L)$ in terms of the type …
Let $E$ be a vector bundle of rank $n$ on $\mathbb{P}^1$. Fix a positive integer $d$. Let $\mathcal{Q}(E,d)$ denote the Quot scheme of torsion quotients of $E$ of degree $d$ and let $Gr(E,d)$ denote the Grassmann bundle that parametrizes the $d$-dimensional quotients of the fibers of $E$. We compute Seshadri constants of ample line bundles on $\mathcal{Q}(E,d)$ and $Gr(E,d)$.
Let $X$ be a general hypersurface of degree $md$ in the weighted projective space with weights $1,1,1,m$ for some for $d\geq 2$ and $m\geq 3$. We prove that the Seshadri constant of the ample generator of the Néron-Severi space at a general point $x\in X$ lies in the interval $\left[\sqrt{d}- \frac d m, \sqrt{d}\right]$ and thus approaches the possibly irrational number $\sqrt d$ as $m$ grows.
Mehta and Seshadri have proved that the set of equivalence classes of irreducible unitary representations of the fundamental group of a punctured compact Riemann surface, can be identified with equivalence classes of stable parabolic bundles of parabolic degree zero on the compact Riemann surface. In this note, we discuss the Mehta-Seshadri correspondence over an irreducible projective curve with at most nodes as singularities.
Let $X$ be a smooth projective curve of genus $g\ge 3$ and $M_0$ be the moduli space of rank 2 semistable bundles over $X$ with trivial determinant. There are three desingularizations of this singular moduli space constructed by Narasimhan-Ramanan \cite{NR}, Seshadri \cite{Se1} and Kirwan \cite{k5} respectively. The relationship between them has not been understood so far. The purpose of this paper is to show that there is a morphism from Kirwan's desingularization to Seshadri's, which turns out to be the composition of two blow-downs. In doing so, we will show that the singularities of $M_0$ …
Let $X$ be an irreducible projective variety of dimension $n$ in a projective space and let $x$ be a point of $X$. Denote by ${\rm Curves}_d(X,x)$ the space of curves of degree $d$ lying on $X$ and passing through $x$. We will show that the number of components of ${\rm Curves}_d(X,x)$ for any smooth point $x$ outside a subvariety of codimension $\geq 2$ is bounded by a number depending only on $n$ and $d$. An effective bound is given. A key ingredient of the proof is an argument from Ein-Küchle-Lazarsfeld's work on Seshadri numbers.
Let $P$ be a bounded convex subset of $\mathbb R^n$ of positive volume. Denote the smallest degree of a polynomial $p(X_1,\dots,X_n)$ vanishing on $P\cap\mathbb Z^n$ by $r_P$ and denote the smallest number $u\geq0$ such that every function on $P\cap\mathbb Z^n$ can be interpolated by a polynomial of degree at most $u$ by $s_P$. We show that the values $(r_{d\cdot P}-1)/d$ and $s_{d\cdot P}/d$ for dilates $d\cdot P$ converge from below to some numbers $v_P,w_P>0$ as $d$ goes to infinity. The limits satisfy $v_P^{n-1}w_P \leq n!\cdot\operatorname{vol}(P)$. When $P$ is a triangle in the plane, we…
We classify the Ulrich vector bundles of arbitrary rank on smooth projective varieties of minimal degree. In the process, we prove the stability of the sheaves of relative differentials on rational scrolls.
It is well known that one can find a rational normal curve in $\mathbb P^n$ through $n+3$ general points. We prove a generalization of this to higher dimensional varieties, showing that smooth varieties of minimal degree can be interpolated through points and linear spaces.
An extension (K(X)|K, v) of valued fields is said to be valuation transcendental if we have equality in the Abhyankar inequality. Minimal pairs of definition are fundamental objects in the investigation of valuation transcendental extensions. In this article, we associate a uniquely determined positive integer with a valuation transcendental extension. This integer is defined via a chosen minimal pair of definition, but it is later shown to be independent of the choice. Further, we show that this integer encodes important information regarding the implicit constant field of the extension (K(X)…
Two birational projective varieties in $P^n$ are Cremona Equivalent if there is a birational modification of $P^n$ mapping one onto the other. The minimal Cremona degree of $X\subset P^n$ is the minimal integer among all degrees of varieties that are Cremona Equivalent to $X$. The Cremona Equivalence and the minimal Cremona degree is well understood for subvarieties of codimension at least $2$ while both are in general very subtle questions for divisors. In this note I compute the minimal Cremona degree of quartic surfaces in $P^3$. This allows me to show that any quartic surface of elliptic r…
Many classical results in algebraic geometry arise from investigating some extremal behaviors that appear among projective varieties not lying on any hypersurface of fixed degree. We study two numerical invariants attached to such collections of varieties: their minimal degree and their maximal number of linearly independent smallest degree hypersurfaces passing through them. We show results for curves and surfaces, and pose several questions.
In this note, we construct nine families of projective complex minimal surfaces of general type having the canonical map of degree 8 and irregularity 0 or 1. For six of these families the canonical system has a non trivial fixed part.
We classify completely the surfaces of general type whose canonical map is 3-to-1 onto a surface of minimal degree in projective space. These surfaces fall into 5 distinct classes and we give explicit examples belonging to each of these classes. As far as we know, one of the examples thus constructed was unknown and it is a surface whose canonical system has two infinitely near base points.
In this paper we investigate complex uniruled varieties $X$ whose rational curves of minimal degree satisfy a special property. Namely, we assume that the tangent directions to such curves at a general point $x\in X$ form a linear subspace of $T_xX$. As an application of our main result, we give a unified geometric proof of Mori's, Wahl's, Campana-Peternell's and Andreatta-Wiśniewski's characterizations of ${\mathbb P}^n$.
Let $G$ be a connected, simply connected, simple, complex, linear algebraic group. Let $P$ be an arbitrary parabolic subgroup of $G$. Let $X=G/P$ be the $G$-homogeneous projective space attached to this situation. We consider the (small) quantum cohomology ring $(QH^*(X),\star)$ attached to $X$. We prove that there exists a unique degree $d$ which is minimal with the property that $q^d$ occurs with non-zero coefficient in the quantum product of two point classes. We denote this minimal degree in $\mathrm{pt}\star\mathrm{pt}$ by $d_X$. We give an explicit formula to compute $d_X$ in terms of th…
Deninger and Werner developed an analogue for p-adic curves of the classical correspondence of Narasimhan and Seshadri between stable bundles of degree zero and unitary representations of the topological fundamental group for a complex smooth proper curve. Using parallel transport, they associated functorially to every vector bundle on a p-adic curve whose reduction is strongly semi-stable of degree 0 a p-adic representation of the fundamental group of the curve. They asked several questions: whether their functor is fully faithful; whether the cohomology of the local systems produced by this …
If $X$ is a smooth curve such that the minimal degree of its plane models is not too small compared with its genus, then $X$ has been known to be a double cover of another smooth curve $Y$ under some mild condition on the genera. However there are no results yet for the minimal degrees of plane models of double covers except some special cases. In this paper, we give upper and lower bounds for the minimal degree of plane models of the double cover $X$ in terms of the gonality of the base curve $Y$ and the genera of $X$ and $Y$. In particular, the upper bound equals to the lower bound in case $…
In this article we study pluriregular varieties X of general type with base-point-free canonical bundle whose canonical morphism has degree 3 and maps X onto a variety of minimal degree Y. We carry out our study from two different perspectives. First we study in Section 2 the canonical ring of X describing completely the degrees of its minimal generators. We apply this to the study of the projective normality of the images of the pluricanonical morphisms of X. Our study of the canonical ring of $X$ also shows that, if the dimension of X is greater than or equal to 3, there does not exist a con…
Let X be a projective variety which is covered by rational curves, for instance a Fano manifold over the complex numbers. In this setup, characterization and classification problems lead to the natural question: "Given two points on X, how many minimal degree rational curve are there which contain those points?". A recent answer to this question led to a number of new results in classification theory. As an infinitesimal analogue, we ask "How many minimal degree rational curves exist which contain a prescribed tangent vector?" In this paper, we give sufficient conditions which guarantee that e…
We explicitly construct Brill--Noether general $K3$ surfaces of genus $4,6$ and $8$ having the maximal number of elliptic pencils of degrees $3, 4$ and $5$, respectively, and study their moduli spaces and moduli maps to the moduli space of curves. As an application we prove the existence of Brill--Noether general $K3$ surfaces of genus $4$ and $6$ without stable Lazarsfeld--Mukai bundles of minimal $c_2$.
Let X be a real nondegenerate projective subvariety such that its set of real points is Zariski dense. We prove that every real quadratic form that is nonnegative on X is a sum of squares of linear forms if and only if X is a variety of minimal degree. This substantially extends Hilbert's celebrated characterization of equality between nonnegative forms and sums of squares. We obtain a complete list for the cases of equality and also a classification of the lattice polytopes Q for which every nonnegative Laurent polynomial with support contained in 2Q is a sum of squares.
We address the question of the degree of unirational parameterizations of degree four and degree three del Pezzo surfaces. Specifically we show that degree four del Pezzo surfaces over finite fields admit degree two parameterizations and minimal cubic surfaces admit parameterizations of degree 6. It is an open question whether or not minimal cubic surfaces over finite fields can admit degree 3 or 4 parameterizations.
Let f be a generically finite morphism from X to Y. The purpose of this paper is to show how the O_Y algebra structure on the push forward of O_X controls algebro-geometric aspects of X like the ring generation of graded rings associated to X and the very ampleness of line bundles on X. As the main application of this we prove some new results for certain regular surfaces X of general type. Precisely, we find the degrees of the generators of the canonical ring of X when the canonical morphism of X is a finite cover of a surface of minimal degree. These results complement results of Ciliberto […
In this paper we prove, using a refinement of Terracini's Lemma, a sharp lower bound for the degree of (higher) secant varieties to a given projective variety, which extends the well known lower bound for the degree of a variety in terms of its dimension and codimension in projective space. Moreover we study varieties for which the bound is attained proving some general properties related to tangential projections, e.g. these varieties are rational. In particular we completely classify surfaces (and curves) for which the bound is attained. It turns out that these surfaces enjoy some maximality…
On the canonical degree of a Gorenstein minimal threefold of general type
Shanghai Institute for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences (SIMIS)（上海数学与交叉学科研究院）；Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems Fudan University（复旦大学智能复杂系统研究所）；School of Mathematical Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学数学科学学院）
A variety of minimal degree is one of the basic objects in projective algebraic geometry and has been classified and characterized in many aspects. On the other hand, there are also minimal objects in the category of higher secant varieties, and their algebraic and geometric structures seem to share many similarities with those of varieties of minimal degree. We prove in this paper that higher secant varieties of minimal degree have determinantal presentation of two types, i.e. scroll type and Veronese type. Our result generalizes the del Pezzo-Bertini classification for varieties of minimal d…
The aim of the present exposition is to investigate varieties of almost minimal degree and of low codimension, in particular their Betti diagrams. Here minimal degree is defined as $°X = \codim X + 2.$ We describe the structure of the minimal free resolution of a variety $X$ of almost minimal degree of $\codim X \leq 4$ by listing the possible Betti diagrams. The most surprising fact is, that the non-arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay case of varieties of almost minimal degree can occur only in small dimensions (cf. Section 2 for the precise statements). Our main technical tool is a result shown by…
We classify real families of minimal degree rational curves that cover an embedded rational surface. A corollary is that if the projective closure of a smooth surface is not biregular isomorphic to the projective closure of the unit-sphere, then the set of minimal degree rational curves that cover the surface is either empty or of dimension at most two. Moreover, if these curves are of minimal degree over the real numbers, but not over the complex numbers, then almost all the curves are smooth. Our methods lead to an algorithm that takes as input a real surface parametrization and outputs all …
The phylogenetic semigroup on a graph generalizes the Jukes-Cantor binary model on a tree. Minimal generating sets of phylogenetic semigroups have been described for trivalent trees by Buczyńska and Wiśniewski, and for trivalent graphs with first Betti number 1 by Buczyńska. We characterize degree two minimal generators of the phylogenetic semigroup on any trivalent graph. Moreover, for any graph with first Betti number 1 and for any trivalent graph with first Betti number 2 we describe the minimal generating set of its phylogenetic semigroup.
Let $X$ be a minimal del Pezzo surface of degree $2$ over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$. The image $Γ$ of the Galois group $\operatorname{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{F}}_q / \mathbb{F}_q)$ in the group $\operatorname{Aut}(\operatorname{Pic}(\overline{X}))$ is a cyclic subgroup of the Weyl group $W(E_7)$. There are $60$ conjugacy classes of cyclic subgroups in $W(E_7)$ and $18$ of them correspond to minimal del Pezzo surfaces. In this paper we study which possibilities of these subgroups for minimal del Pezzo surfaces of degree $2$ can be achieved for given $q$.
In this article, we study the minimal degree [K(T):K] of a p-subgroup T <= E(\overline{K})_tors for an elliptic curve E/K defined over a number field K. Our results depend on the shape of the image of the p-adic Galois representation ρ_{E,p^infty}:Gal_K-->GL(2,Z_p). However, we are able to show that there are certain uniform bounds for the minimal degree of definition of T. When the results are applied to K=Q and p=2, we obtain a divisibility condition on the minimal degree of definition of any subgroup of E[2^n] that is best possible.
We discuss the minimal free resolution of an irreducible projective subscheme X. If X is also reduced, we focus on the case when its degree equals two plus the codimension. The set of all possible graded Betti numbers is described if the codimension is two. In general, there are only partial results. Then we discuss Cohen-Macaulay structures on a linear subspace. For such curves of degree two, the classification has been obtained by Notari, Spreafico, and the author. In general, the classification problem seems rather difficult. Vatne has shown that such a classification of structures whose de…
A celebrated result by Hilbert says that every real nonnegative ternary quartic is a sum of three squares. We show more generally that every nonnegative quadratic form on a real projective variety $X$ of minimal degree is a sum of $\dim(X)+1$ squares of linear forms. This strengthens one direction of a recent result due to Blekherman, Smith, and Velasco. Our upper bound is the best possible, and it implies the existence of low-rank factorizations of positive semidefinite bivariate matrix polynomials and representations of biforms as sums of few squares. We determine the number of equivalence c…
We study the subvariety of integrable 1-forms in a finite dimensional vector space $W \subset Ω^1(\mathbb C^n,0)$. We prove that the irreducible components with dimension comparable with the rank of $W$ are of minimal degree.
We extend some results on even sets of nodes which have been proved for surfaces up to degree 6 to surfaces up to degree 10. In particular, we give a formula for the minimal cardinality of a nonempty even set of nodes.
