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arXiv 0801.1261quant-ph
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噪声对Grover算法的影响

Noise effect on Grover algorithm

Pedro J. Salas

摘要:

通过去极化信道模拟噪声,数值研究了退相干对Grover算法的影响。量子比特的时间演化和量子门的应用引入了两种类型的误差,因此噪声直接关系到量子网络的构建。数值模拟结果表明,随着时间的增加,最大值的连续概率呈指数衰减规律。我们得到了该算法的允许误差律:允许噪声的误差阈值表现为Eth(N)~ 1/N1.1(N为数据集的大小)。由于N的幂几乎为1,我们认为Grover算法在一定程度上对退相干具有鲁棒性。该定律还提供了一个绝对阈值:如果自由演化误差大于0.043,Grover算法对受当前误差模型影响的任何数量的量子位都不起作用。在两个量子比特的情况下,成功概率的提高已经通过利用[[7,1,3]]量子码对初始状态进行容错编码来说明。

英文摘要:

The decoherence effect on Grover algorithm has been studied numerically through a noise modelled by a depolarizing channel. Two types of error are introduced characterizing the qubit time evolution and gate application, so the noise is directly related to the quantum network construction. The numerical simulation concludes an exponential damping law for the successive probability of the maxima as time increases. We have obtained an allowed-error law for the algorithm: the error threshold for the allowed noise behaves as Eth(N) ~ 1/N1.1 (N being the size of the data set). As the power of N is almost one, we consider the Grover algorithm as robust to a certain extent against decoherence. This law also provides an absolute threshold: if the free evolution error is greater than 0.043, Grover algorithm does not work for any number of qubits affected by the present error model. The improvement in the probability of success, in the case of two qubits has been illustrated by using a fault-tolerant encoding of the initial state by means of the [[7,1,3]] quantum code.

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