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arXiv 0704.0353nucl-thquant-ph
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相对论性自旋为1/2和自旋为0粒子的自旋和赝自旋对称性及等效谱

Spin and pseudospin symmetries and the equivalent spectra of relativistic spin-1/2 and spin-0 particles

P. Alberto, A. S. de Castro, M. Malheiro

摘要:

我们证明,在狄拉克方程中产生自旋和赝自旋对称性的条件与在存在矢量势和标量势的情况下产生相对论性自旋-1/2和自旋-0粒子的等效能谱的条件相同。结论不依赖于势的特定形状,并且在物理学的不同领域中可能是重要的。当标量势和矢量势都是球面势时,这些等谱性条件意味着狄拉克旋量的上分量或下分量的自旋轨道项和达尔文项都消失了,使其在能量上等价于自旋0态。在这种情况下,除了能量之外,标量粒子还将具有与相应自旋为1/2的粒子的上分量或下分量的(守恒)轨道角动量相同的轨道角动量。我们指出了这个结果的几个可能的应用。

英文摘要:

We show that the conditions which originate the spin and pseudospin symmetries in the Dirac equation are the same that produce equivalent energy spectra of relativistic spin-1/2 and spin-0 particles in the presence of vector and scalar potentials. The conclusions do not depend on the particular shapes of the potentials and can be important in different fields of physics. When both scalar and vector potentials are spherical, these conditions for isospectrality imply that the spin-orbit and Darwin terms of either the upper component or the lower component of the Dirac spinor vanish, making it equivalent, as far as energy is concerned, to a spin-0 state. In this case, besides energy, a scalar particle will also have the same orbital angular momentum as the (conserved) orbital angular momentum of either the upper or lower component of the corresponding spin-1/2 particle. We point out a few possible applications of this result.

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